共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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《科学通报(英文版)》2008,(7)
Acetone plays an important role in photooxidation processes in the atmosphere. Up to date, little is known regarding the heterogeneous fate of acetone. In this study, the adsorption and desorption processes of acetone on SiO2 particles, which are the major constituent of mineral dust in the atmos-phere, have been investigated for the first time under the simulated atmospheric conditions, using in situ transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It is found that acetone molecules are ad-sorbed on the surfaces of SiO2 particles by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding forces in a nonreactive and reversible state. The rates of initial adsorption and initial desorption, initial uptake coefficients and adsorption concentrations at equilibrium have been determined at different relative humidity. The presence of water vapor cannot result in the formation of new substances, but can de-crease the adsorption ability by consuming or overlapping the isolated OH groups on the surfaces of SiO2 particles. In the desorption process, a considerable amount of acetone molecules will remain on SiO2 particles in dry air, whereas acetone molecules are almost completely desorbed at a high relative humidity. In order to evaluate the role of heterogeneous reactions of acetone and other carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere, a new model fitting the atmospheric conditions is needed. 相似文献
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LIU YongChun LIU JunFeng HE Hong YU YunBo XUE Li 《科学通报(英文版)》2007,52(15):2063-2071
Heterogeneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) on mineral oxides including SiO2, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, ZnO and TiO2, which are the main components of atmospheric particles, were investigated using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS), ion chromatography (IC), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods. The main products and intermediates of the heterogeneous oxidation of OCS on these oxides were identified with in situ DRIFTS and IC. The reaction mechanism and kinetics were also discussed. It is found that the reaction mechanism on these mineral oxides is the same as that on Al2O3 for the same final products and the intermediates at room temperature. Namely, OCS can be catalytically oxidized to produce surface SO4^2- species and gaseous CO2 through the surface hydrogen thiocarbonate (HSCO2-) and HSO; species. The activity series for heterogeneous oxidation of OCS follows: Al2O3 ≈ CaO 〉 MgO 〉 TiO2 ≈ ZnO 〉 Fe2O3 〉 SiO2. The specific area, basic hydroxyl and surface basicity of these oxides have effect on the reactivity. This study suggests that heterogeneous reactions of OCS on mineral dust may be an unneglectable sink of OCS. 相似文献
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《科学通报(英文版)》2007,52(15)
Heterogeneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) on mineral oxides including SiO2,Fe2O3,CaO,MgO,ZnO and TiO2,which are the main components of atmospheric particles,were investigated using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS),ion chromatography (IC),temperature-programmed desorption (TPD),X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods. The main products and intermediates of the heterogeneous oxidation of OCS on these oxides were identified with in situ DRIFTS and IC. The reaction mechanism and kinetics were also discussed. It is found that the reaction mechanism on these mineral oxides is the same as that on Al2O3 for the same final products and the intermediates at room temperature. Namely,OCS can be catalytically oxidized to produce surface SO42- species and gaseous CO2 through the surface hydrogen thiocarbonate (HSCO2-) and HSO3- species. The activity series for heterogeneous oxidation of OCS follows: Al2O3 ≈ CaO > MgO > TiO2 ≈ ZnO > Fe2O3 > SiO2. The specific area,basic hydroxyl and surface basicity of these oxides have effect on the reactivity. This study suggests that heterogeneous reactions of OCS on mineral dust may be an unneglectable sink of OCS. 相似文献
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WU Hongbo WANG Xiao CHEN Jianmin YU Hongkun XUE Huaxin PAN Xunxi & HOU Huiqi . Department of Environmental Science Engineering Fudan Uni- versity Shanghai China . Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai China 《科学通报(英文版)》2004,49(12):1231-1235
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is one of the most abundantsulfur-containing species in the troposphere and lowerstratosphere. The atmospheric average concentration ofCOS is about 500 pptv with relatively little variation[1,2].In the stratosphere, where photochemical reactions occur,carbonyl sulfide can be oxidized into sulfur dioxide andfurther to sulfate aerosol[3—6]. The sulfate aerosol plays animportant role in heterogeneous chemical processes,ozone depletion and atmospheric radiation balance wh… 相似文献
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汪欧化 《徐州师范大学学报(自然科学版)》1990,(2)
本文介绍了有机钛试剂与羰基化合物的亲核加成反应,并将其与有机锂、有机镁试剂在官能团选择性、立体选择性、对映体选择性方面进行了比较。 相似文献
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为进一步研究0.05wt%XTG(黄原胶)+0.05wt%SDBS(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)复配烟煤抑尘剂抑尘效果,更好地体现复配抑尘剂性能,通过静态降尘实验与动态降尘实验相结合的方法,采用渗透、喷洒、浸泡、风速影响规律、喷雾雾化特性及动态喷洒等实验对0.05 wt%SDBS+0.05 wt%XTG复配烟煤抑尘剂抑尘效果进行对比研究。静态抑尘实验结果表明复配抑尘剂能够快速渗透煤尘,利用表面活性剂特性提高对煤粉的润湿作用,在SDBS与XTG的相互作用下,改善对煤粉的团聚作用效果,实现对煤尘的润湿团聚作用。动态抑尘实验确定实验风速为距巷道尾部0.7 m处0.5 m/s,复配烟煤抑尘剂在实心广角大流量喷雾形态参数条件下降尘效果最好; 对不同试剂降尘效率对比得出,复配抑尘剂相较水,SDBS,XTG单体分别增加了42.85%,40.26%,24.17%,能够有效提高全尘降尘效率,其全尘降尘效率为85.71%。喷洒复配试剂后与未采取措施时巷道全尘粉尘浓度对比,前采样器粉尘浓度下降25.5%,后采样器粉尘浓度下降81.25%,因此,复配试剂可提高对烟煤粉尘的润湿团聚效果,有效抑制煤尘的产生和扩散。 相似文献
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常压下温度为30~50℃,用鼓泡反应器测定了羰基硫(COS)在浓度为1.3130~4.4038kmol/m3NaOH水溶液中的吸收速率,通过理论分析得到该吸收为一级不可逆快反应吸收过程。 相似文献
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安从武 《湖南文理学院学报(自然科学版)》2005,17(2):34-35,71
用环戊二烯基二羰基合铁的钠盐与氯乙酸苄酯或ClCH2COO(CH2)nOCOCH2Cl在简便的条件下反应,合成了新的化合物(η5-C5 H5)Fe(CO)2CH2COOCH2C6H5和[(η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2CH2COO]2(CH2)n(n=2, 3). 反应产物的结构经IR,1H NMR以及MS的分析证实. 相似文献
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双取代簇合物NEt4RuCo3(CO)10(PPh3)2与固体(PPh3Ay)Cl和TlPF6反应,生成了双取代簇合物AuPPh3RuCo3(CO)10(PPh3)2·CH2Cl2 Ⅰ后,双取代簇合物Ⅰ又逐渐转变为单取代簇合物AuPPh3RuCo3(CO)11(PPh3)Ⅱ.它们的组成和结构已通过元素分析、IR、31PNMR、59 Co NMR及有关反应验证.双取代簇合物Ⅰ中的两个取代基位置与反应物NEt4RuCo3(CO)10(PPh3)2中两个取代基的位置相同,即两个取代基中,一个占据与钴结合的位置(Co-P),而另一个占据与钌结合的位置(Ru-P).单取代簇合物Ⅱ中的一个取代基占据与钌结合的位置(Ru-P). 相似文献
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用Co2(CO)8与环偶磷氮烷[cis-(tBuNP)2(tBuNH)2]反应得到了一取代产物Co2(CO)7-[cis-(tBuNP)2(tBuNH)2].对其进行了元素分析及IR、1HNMR等谱学表征,并用X-ray衍射技术测定了它的单晶结构.该晶体属三斜晶系,P1-空间群.化学式:C23H38N4O7P2Co2,Mr=662.37.晶胞参数a=15.193(2) ,b=16.350(3) ,c=14.995(2) ,α=108.311(4)°,β=89.969(7)°,γ=64.316(5)°,V=3145.8(8) 3,Z=4,Dc=1.394Mg/m3. 相似文献
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铁羰基化合物的研究—(η~5-C_5H_5)Fe(CO)_2CH_2Si(OCH_3)_3的合成 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
贺灿欣 《南京师大学报(自然科学版)》1991,(2)
环戊二烯基二羰基合铁的钠盐Na[η~5-C_5H_5)-Fe(CO)_2]能与氯甲基三甲氧基硅烷[ClCH_2Si(OCH_3)_3]直接反应生成化合物(η~5-C_5H_5)Fe(CO)_2CH_2Si(OCH_3)_3。 相似文献
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采用合成的针铁矿为催化剂与H2O2构成非均相Fenton试剂,开展对盐酸四环素(TC)的氧化分解特征及其动力学研究.考察pH、H2O2 浓度、催化剂投加量、TC初始浓度、温度对TC氧化分解过程的影响.研究结果表明,在优化条件下,针铁矿催化对TC的Fenton氧化分解效果明显,240 min后氧化分解率达到97.2%.而且,针铁矿氧化分解TC的反应仍主要是通过?OH作用, 因为加入叔丁醇自由基捕获剂后,TC的氧化分解率明显降低.此外,动力学模型拟合结果表明,针铁矿表面催化氧化分解TC是符合准一级动力学反应(R2>0.97),其表观活化能为Ea=31.86 kJ/mol.可见,该氧化分解反应表观活化能相对比较低,说明该反应比较容易进行,温度升高也有助于提高反应速率. 相似文献
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使用实验室自主研发的多通道含氧挥发性有机物(oxygenated volatile organic compound,OvOC)远程控制采样器,于2017年8月4-7日对上海地区20个监测站点在早高峰(6:00-9:00)时段同步采集大气中20种羰基化合物,并利用2,4-二硝基苯肼(dinitrophenylhydra... 相似文献
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用 P( OEt) 3和 PPh3分别与 Co6(μ6-P) (μ,η2 -SCH2 CH2 CH2 S) (μ-PSCH2 CH2 CH2 S)( CO) 12 进行取代反应 ,首次得到 4个一取代和 1个二取代含半填隙磷原子配体六核钴羰基簇合物的取代衍生物 ,化学式如下 :Co6( μ6-P) ( μ,η2 -SCH2 CH2 CH2 S) ( μ-PSCH2 CH2 CH2 S)( CO) 11〔P( OEt) 3〕 ( a 和 b,同分异构体 ) ,Co6( μ6-P) ( μ,η2 -SCH2 CH2 CH2 S) ( μ-PSCH2 CH2 CH2 S) (μ-CO) ( CO) 9〔P( OEt) 3〕2 ( ) ,Co6(μ6-P) (μ,η2 -SCH2 CH2 CH2 S) (μ-PSCH2 CH2 CH2 S) ( CO) 11( PPh3) ( a) ,Co6( μ6-P) ( μ,η2 -SCH2 CH2 CH2 S) ( μ-PSCH2 CH2 CH2 S) ( μ-CO) ( CO) 10 ( PPh3) ( b) .对 5个合成的簇合衍生物通过元素分析 ,IR( νco)、1HNMR、31PNMR和 MS谱学表征 ,发现 a和 b, a和 b 是一取代的同分异构体 ,P( OEt) 3和 PPh3可能取代母体钴簇合物基底不同钴原子上的一个 CO. 是二取代产物 ,两个P( OEt) 3分子可能各取代母体钴簇合物在顶端的两个钴原子上的一个 CO. 相似文献
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激波后沉积粉尘的燃烧特征 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
激波掠过可燃沉积粉尘后将使粉尘颗粒上扬、点火与燃烧。该文给出了描述该现象的理论模型,并对此进行了数值模拟。结果表明,激波马赫数越大,气相中氧气含量越高,颗粒初始直径越小,则颗粒的点火延迟时间越小,颗粒温度及化学反应速率上升越快,颗粒的燃烧时间愈短。 相似文献
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扩展现行的线性不可逆过程热力学理论到远离平衡又没有产生耗散结构的体系,建立非均相体系只存在一个化学反应的反应速率通用方程,并将此反应速率方程应用于H2O2催化分解反应这个经典的动力学问题,分别得到了298K及308K条件下和实测数据吻合的四次关系式·结果表明考虑了高次项后,不可逆过程热力学可以用于远离平衡体系的化学反应·高次近似时,取多少次方对不同的化学反应条件是不同的,这决定于其远离平衡的程度,并且通过对线性不可逆过程热力学扩展的应用为远离平衡的化学反应的研究提供了一种新的方法· 相似文献