微波萃取茶叶中茶多酚的工艺改进

提出了微波萃取茶叶中茶多酚的改进工艺，以少量水作为茶叶湿润剂和主要的微波接受体，乙酸乙酯作为提取剂，对茶叶的茶多酚进行微波萃取，结果表明，新工艺对茶多酚提取率较高，所得的产品质量较好，且省时，节能显著。     

茶多酚的加速溶剂萃取与分析

以毛尖茶叶为原料,用加速溶剂萃取法提取茶多酚粗品用单因素试验研究和正交试验考察乙醇体积分数、温度和循环次数对萃取率的影响。用二极管阵列高效液相色谱(DAD-HPLC)对照测定加速溶剂萃取的茶多酚粗品、微波辅助提取的茶多酚粗品和商品茶多酚。结果表明:茶多酚粗品的制备最佳条件为萃取温度160℃、乙醇体积分数60%、循环萃取2次。高温加速溶剂萃取法对茶多酚的粗提率较高,但其中儿茶素的总量却显著下降降低提取温度,则茶多酚中的主要功能成分儿茶素的含量显著高于微波辅助提取法。     

油茶叶茶多酚的提取及其抗氧化活性研究

采用微波辅助法提取油茶叶茶多酚,并通过单因素试验与响应曲面法优化提取工艺.利用高效液相色谱法定性分析油茶叶中儿茶素类主要成分以及体外抗氧化法评价其抗氧化活性.结果表明:油茶叶茶多酚最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度40%、料液比1∶40、微波时间120s、微波功率400W,此条件下,茶多酚提取的得率为9.59%;油茶叶儿茶素类主要成分为EGC和EC,无EGCG、ECG及C;儿茶素类成分具有良好的DPPH自由基、羟自由基清除活性和较强的总还原能力.     

微波-超声协同快速萃取茶叶中的咖啡因

建立了以微波-超声协同萃取茶叶中咖啡因的样品前处理方法,优化了影响萃取效率的各种因素,包括萃取剂体积、萃取功率、萃取时间、萃取温度等,获得了优化的实验条件,即:三氯甲烷15mL,微波功率400 W,萃取时间10min,萃取温度65℃.在优化的实验条件下,结合紫外可见分光光度法测定了不同茶叶中咖啡因的质量分数,获得满意结果.     

从茶叶中提取茶多酚的工艺探讨

用正交实验方法探讨了茶叶中茶多酚的最佳提取工艺.研究结果表明:用4倍于叶重体积的水溶液加热回流提取4次,每次提取20min,用2倍于提取水溶液体积的乙酸乙酯萃取3次,茶叶中茶多酚提取效果最好,其平均浸出率可达86.3%.     

微波加热快速测定茶叶中的茶多酚

本文对微波加微快速抽提茶叶茶多酚分光光度法予以测定,与经典的沸水浴浸提法和回流抽提法相比较,测定结果符合。     

茶多酚的提取工艺及测定方法的研究

简要地介绍了茶多酚的组成与性质,着重对从茶叶中提取荼多酚的工艺进行了探讨。用高效液相色谱法鉴定出萃取物中的六种茶多酚,并以分光光度法定量。通过该工艺提取得到的产品色泽良好,得率及纯度均较高。     

黑茶中茶多酚及咖啡碱的超临界CO2流体萃取研究

以益阳黑茶为原料,采用超临界CO2萃取技术提取黑茶中的茶多酚和咖啡碱,采用正交试验对萃取温度、萃取压力、夹带剂浓度和夹带剂用量等因素进行优化(固定萃取时间为2 h).采用分光光度法测定茶叶中茶多酚和咖啡碱的含量,根据正交试验极差分析结果得出茶多酚的最佳萃取条件:萃取温度50℃,萃取压力20 MPa,夹带剂采用体积分数为70%的乙醇,适宜用量为100 mL/150 g,得率为(0.190±0.004)%.咖啡碱的最佳萃取条件:萃取温度40℃,萃取压力20 MPa,夹带剂采用体积分数为70%的乙醇,适宜用量为300mL/150 g,咖啡碱得率为(0.457±0.036)%.     

从茶叶中提取茶多酚的工艺探讨

用正交实验方法探讨了茶叶中茶多酚的最佳提取工艺。研究结果表明：用4倍于叶重体积的水溶液加热回流提取4次，每次提取20min，用2倍于提取水溶液体积的乙酸乙酯萃取3次，茶叶中茶多酚提取效果最好，其平均浸出率可达86．3％。     

不同加工形式茶叶茶多酚含量及抗氧化活性比较研究

目的:比较不同加工形式茶叶中茶多酚含量及其抗氧化活性,为不同需求人群提供选择依据。方法:茶叶粉碎后用95%乙醇超声提取,以没食子酸作为对照品,采用福林酚比色法在波长765 nm处测定各种茶叶中茶多酚的含量。抗氧化活性通过紫外分光光度法测定茶叶提取物对Fe3+的还原能力进行评价。结果:不同加工形式茶叶中茶多酚含量及抗氧化活性差异较大,其中绿茶茶多酚含量最高,其抗氧化活性也最好。结论:茶叶中多酚含量与茶叶发酵程度密切相关,发酵程度越大,茶多酚含量越低;茶叶提取物的抗氧化活性与茶多酚含量呈现良好的量效关系,说明茶叶的抗氧化能力主要与其中的茶多酚含量有关。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that