涂层法制备超疏水表面及在油水分离中的应用

采用涂层法,以含硅聚四氟乙烯为成膜物质,以疏水纳米SiO2为填料,成功制备出含有微/纳米复合结构的超疏水表面.系统研究了疏水纳米SiO2和低表面能物质的含量与涂层表面水接触角的关系.采用接触角测量仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别对涂层的水接触角和表面形貌进行表征,根据国家标准分别对涂层厚度、硬度和结合力进行测试.在最佳制备条件下,该超疏水涂层水接触角153.5°,涂层厚度22μm,涂层硬度4H,结合力1级.该超疏水涂层具有自清洁及良好的油水分离性能.     

二氧化硅／有机蒙脱土复合超疏水涂层的制备及其性能研究

将全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷（FAs）改性的二氧化硅颗粒与有机蒙脱土（OMMT）混合制成溶胶,采用浸渍提拉法制备具备超疏水性能的复合涂层,研究了二氧化硅／OMMT不同配比对涂层疏水性能的影响。结果表明,复合涂层的静态接触角随二氧化硅／OMMT质量比的增加而增大,滚动角随二氧化硅／OMMT质量比的增加而减小。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察涂层表面微观结构,发现超疏水涂层表面具有微纳米复合结构,结合FAS改性二氧化硅的低表面能,赋予了复合涂层优良的超疏水性能。     

改性纳米SiO2成膜复合涂层对混凝土疏水和抗碳化性能的影响

为了研究改性纳米Si O2+有机成膜涂层对混凝土疏水和抗碳化性能的影响,配制了6种改性和未改性纳米Si O2有机成膜复合涂料,测定了涂覆复合涂料后混凝土的表面接触角,确定了涂料中纳米Si O2的最佳添加量。通过测定涂层混凝土的吸水率发现,改性和未改性纳米Si O2可以显著提高涂层混凝土的憎水性,其中改性纳米Si O2的改善幅度更大,同时混凝土的吸水率与其接触角呈一阶线性负相关的关系;通过涂层混凝土的加速碳化试验发现,改性和未改性纳米Si O2可以有效改善涂层混凝土的抗碳化性能,其中改性纳米Si O2的改善效果更好,而且还发现涂层混凝土的疏水能力和抗碳化性能之间存在正相关关系,即表面涂层疏水性能越强,混凝土抗碳化性能越好。     

一步水热法构筑镁合金超疏水表面及其性能研究

利用一步水热法在镁合金表面构筑了超疏水表面.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、接触角测量仪对其表面形貌、组成和润湿行为进行了研究,采用电化学极化曲线测试对超疏水涂层的耐腐蚀性能进行了考察.结果表明,一步水热法构筑的镁合金超疏水涂层由微/纳米二级结构组成,最优条件下改性表面接触角和滚动角分别为163.3°和2.8°,具有良好的耐腐蚀性能、耐酸碱性能和稳定性.     

改性环氧树脂超疏水涂层的制备与研究

为简化超疏水涂层的制备过程,提高耐磨性,以端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(HTPDMS)、微/纳米二氧化硅分2步改性双酚A型环氧树脂,涂层的固化过程采用紫外光固化技术,然后对涂层的表面性能进行了一系列的测试表征.探究了HTPDMS用量和二氧化硅用量对涂层接触角和其他性能的影响.结果表明,当HTPDMS添加量为环氧树脂质量的80%时,环氧树脂可获得最好的改性效果.当改性环氧树脂与微/纳米二氧化硅的质量比为10∶1.5∶1.5时,采用复配型光引发剂,紫外汞灯照射10 min,即可得到接触角>154°滚动角<1°的超疏水涂层.     

木材表面SiO2/环氧树脂/氟硅烷复合超疏水膜的构建

【目的】为获得具有良好机械耐磨性的超疏水木材,构建了木材表面SiO₂/环氧树脂/氟硅烷复合超疏水膜。【方法】采用两步法在木材表面构建有机/无机复合超疏水涂层,在木材基底预置透明环氧树脂底层以覆盖木材表面天然微沟槽结构,然后构建SiO₂/环氧树脂/氟硅烷(FAS)复合超疏水薄膜。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜以及傅里叶红外光谱仪对超疏水涂层的微观形貌和化学组成进行表征,并测试其疏水、疏油和机械耐磨性能。【结果】木材表面复合超疏水涂层具有精细的微/纳米二元粗糙结构,该结构协同低表面能物质FAS,使木材表面不仅具有良好的超疏水性能(水静态接触角为153°,滚动角低于4°),而且疏油(乙二醇接触角为146°,滚动角低于11°); 经砂纸多次磨擦后木材表面水接触角和滚动角基本不变,超疏水性能保持稳定,超疏水涂层的微纳米结构及疏水物质依然保留,表现出良好的机械耐磨性。【结论】有机/无机复合超疏水涂层体系中,环氧树脂由于黏结作用使得SiO₂纳米粒子与木材基底形成牢固的结合,从而赋予涂层良好的机械稳定性。     

采用热压-喷涂法制备PMMA超疏表面涂层

以纳米SiO_2和PMMA为原料,提出了一种以不锈钢丝网为热压模板结合喷涂法制备PMMA超疏表面的新方法.研究了热压压力和喷涂SiO_2纳米粒子浓度对表面浸润性的影响.结果表明,SiO_2纳米粒子能够明显改善PMMA表面的浸润性.在热压压力为0.5MPa、疏水性SiO_2纳米粒子质量分数为4%时,可获得最佳的超疏水涂层,涂层的接触角为164°±0.8°,滚动角小于2°.通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察了涂层表面的微观结构,发现超疏水性涂层具备规则的微纳二元结构.该表面在p H值为1~14的范围内都具有很好的超疏性能;同时,制备的超疏水涂层在空气中放置10个月以上,其表面接触角仍大于150°.     

TiO_2/PTFE改性氟碳防污闪涂层材料的研究

采用表面改性后的金红石型纳米Ti O2与PTFE作为复合填料,将其与氟碳树脂(FEVE)结合,制备具有防污闪性能的纳米复合氟碳杂化材料,用压缩空气喷涂法将其涂覆在玻璃绝缘子基底表面形成氟碳防污闪涂层。采用红外光谱对改性后的纳米Ti O2进行表征分析,用扫描电镜、X线光电子能谱、接触角测量仪等观察和测试氟碳杂化涂层材料表面的微观结构及疏水性。研究结果表明:在Ti O2/PTFE改性复合氟碳防污闪涂层材料近表面区域上,Ti O2和PTFE之间通过化学键合作用形成具有类似乳突状的微/纳二元粗糙结构,对水静态接触角高达120°以上。涂层材料具有优良的耐水、耐化学试剂性、耐盐雾、耐漏电起痕及电蚀损性能,体积电阻率为2.5×1010?·m,击穿场强为21.1 k V/mm,耐漏电起痕级数为2.5级,最大电蚀深度为1.20~2.74 mm。     

SiO_2/含氟硅聚丙烯酸酯超疏水杂化涂层的制备及性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法,在含氟硅聚丙烯酸酯(FSiPA)乳液中以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体、甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTES)为改性剂合成疏水性二氧化硅(SiO_2)纳米粒子,将所制SiO_2/FSiPA杂化乳液喷涂在玻璃表面得到超疏水涂层.考察了FSiPA乳液用量和MTES/TEOS物质的量比(M/T)对涂层表面性能的影响,分析了M/T值对涂层微观形貌的影响;讨论了杂化涂层的形成机理,比较了具有相同倾角的超疏水涂层与普通疏水涂层表面的自清洁特性.结果表明,当FSiPA乳液用量为15%及M/T为5时,涂层表面具有很好的成膜性和自清洁特性,疏水性SiO_2纳米粒子能够在涂层表面建立起微纳米粗糙结构,涂层与水的静态接触角(WCA)为154.0°.     

氟改性纳米SiO2颗粒的制备及其在消泡剂中的应用

利用氨丙基三乙氧基硅氧烷(APTES)和全氟辛基磺酰氟(PFOSF)对纳米SiO2颗粒进行表面改性,通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)和接触角(CA)等手段对改性后的纳米颗粒进行表征,确定了改性剂的接枝类型,考察了接枝率对纳米颗粒疏水程度的影响,并研究了纳米颗粒疏水程度及其占硅膏的质量分数对消、抑泡性能的影响,最后结合硅膏的黏度、流变性及有机硅消泡剂的消泡机制对上述实验数据及现象作出对应的解释。结果表明:PFOSF以APTES作为"媒介"化学接枝到SiO2表面,当二者占SiO2质量分数分别为9.4%和4.6%时,颗粒具有最大的接触角,约150°;当二者占SiO2质量分数分别为4.7%和2.3%时,颗粒的接触角为110°,控制改性颗粒占二甲基硅油(PDMS)质量分数的4%,由此硅膏制备的有机硅消泡剂具有最佳的消、抑泡效率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that