含镓层柱材料在β—甲基萘歧化反应中的催化行为

制备并表征了含镓层柱材料，考察了氧化铝和氧化镓并联皂石对β－甲基萘歧化反应的催化行为。结果表明：β－甲基萘以异构化反应为主，活性与酸量、选择性与酸性有很好的对应关系。氧化铝交联镓皂石较氧化镓交联镓皂石的活性高，歧化选择性亦高而异构选择性低。     

不同层间距的交联粘土对1,2,4-三甲苯歧化反应的催化性能

用铝和锆的羟基低聚物交联合成皂石及天然临安土 ,制得不同层间距的交联粘土 表征了样品的晶相、酸性 考察了样品对 1 ,2 ,4-三甲苯歧化反应的催化性能 结果表明层间距、转化率及选择性间存在一定关系 ,层间距越大转化率越高 ,但对 1 ,2 ,4,5-TEMB的选择性越低 样品的酸类型及酸量对反应也有影响 ,样品的酸量越大转化率越高 ,交联粘土的强B酸中心有利于 1 ,2 ,4-三甲苯发生歧化反应 ,而弱酸中心有利于 1 ,2 ,4-三甲苯发生异构化反应     

多羟基镓低聚物做交联剂制备交联粘土的研究

采用 Ｇａ３ ＋ 在土层中形成〔 Ｇａ１３〕７ ＋ 交联制得有序性和热稳定性较好的交联粘土本工作成功地用〔 Ｇａ１３〕７ ＋ 交联天然临安土、人工合成皂石及人工合成镓皂石,并制得全镓层柱型类分子筛经 Ｘ Ｒ Ｄ 表征了样品的晶相,元素分析确定了样品的化学组成与结构式 Ｎ Ｈ３ － Ｔ Ｐ Ｄ 及 Ｐｙ － Ｉ Ｒ 结果表明,交联合成土的酸量高于交联天然土;样品均含有 Ｂ 酸和 Ｌ 酸中心,且表面 Ｌ 酸所占的份额大催化活性测试结果表明,交联合成土的活性高于天然土,且全镓样品的异构选择性高     

不同层间距的交联粘土对1，2，4—三甲苯歧化反应的催化性能

用铝和锆的羟基低物交联合成皂石及天然临安土,制得不同层间距的交联粘土,表征了样品的晶相、酸性、考察了样品对1,2,4－三甲苯歧化反应的催化性能,结果表明层间距、转化率及选择性间存在一定关系,层间距越大转化率越高,但对1,2,4,5－TEMB的选择性越低,样品的酸类型及酸量对反应也有影响,样品的酸量越大转化率越高,交联粘土的强B酸中心有利于1,2,4－三甲醛发生歧化反应,而弱酸中心有利于1,2,4－三甲苯发生异构化反应。     

镓镍皂石的合成、交联、表征及催化性能的研究

采用水热法首次合成出自然界不存在的两种不同镓含量的镓镍皂石（ＧａＮｉＳ）－ 用多烃基铝低聚物交联，制得交联粘土（ＡｌＰＧａＮｉＳ）－ 经ＸＲＤ 表征了样品的晶相，元素分析确定了样品的化学组成与结构式－ 同时又采用红外光谱分析和程序升温还原（ＴＰＲ） 表征了样品－ＮＨ３ＴＰＤ 和ＰｙＩＲ 结果表明，样品均含有Ｂ 酸和Ｌ 酸中心，ＡｌＰＧａＮｉＳ 表面Ｌ 酸中心所占的份额大，ＡｌＰＧａＮｉＳ的酸量高于ＨＧａＮｉＳ－ 在异丙苯裂解反应和正己烷加氢异构反应上考察了样品的催化性能－ 结果表明，交联镓镍皂石催化活性较高，异构选择性较好     

异丙苯歧化反应中催化剂酸性和孔结构作用分析

系统研究了分子筛催化剂和层状催化剂上的异丙苯歧化反应.结果表明,催化剂酸性和孔结构共同决定异丙苯歧化反应活性和选择性.其中,Hβ活性高于HY归因于Hβ酸性高于HY.而与Hβ和HY相比,HZSM-5酸性最强,孔径最小,反应的择形性使其反应历程不同于Hβ和HY,活性和歧化选择性均较Hβ和HY低.MCM-41和层状催化剂α-磷酸锆(α-ZrP)、混合金属氧化物柱撑α-磷酸锆(α-ZrP/Al-Cr)、四水硫酸锆(Zr(SO4)2*4H2O)和层状表面相锆基固体酸催化剂(Zr(SO4)2*4H2O/SiO2)因较Hβ、HY和HZSM-5弱酸性而均表现出较低的异丙苯歧化反应活性.同时,二异丙苯的形成是高度择形的,催化剂孔道越大,间位与对位二异丙苯的摩尔比越大.     

皂石的合成与交联

采用pH控制法合成了高结晶度的皂石。核磁共振、化学分析、红外所得结果表明,通过调变投料比可对四面体片上铝量在一定范围内进行调变;用Al_(13)交联皂石时,交联密度与四面体片上AlO_4的量相关;交联皂石在焙烧过程中,伴随着层上Al—O键的断裂,铝柱与层通过羟基缩合以Si—O—Al_p方式联结;样品的表面酸性与柱密度有关。     

多羟基镓低聚物做交联剂制备交联粘土的研究

采用Ｇａ＾３＋在土层中形成〔Ｇａ１３〕＾７＋交联制得有序性和热稳定性较好的交联粘土。本工作成功地用〔Ｇａ１３〕＾７＋交联天然临安土、人工合成皂石及人工合成镓皂石，并制得全镓层柱型类分子筛。经ＸＲＤ表征了样品的晶相，元素分析确定了样品的化学组成与结构式。ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ及Ｐｙ－ＩＲ结果表明，交联合成土的酸量高于交联天然土；样品均含有Ｂ酸和Ｌ酸中心，且表面Ｌ酸所占的份额大。催化活性测试结果表明，交联合成     

改性HUSY沸石上β-甲基萘异丙基化反应性能研究

采用HUSY沸石分子筛催化了β-甲基萘与异丙醇的烷基化反应,在未改性HUSY沸石催化下,β-甲基萘转化率可达74．4％．考查了碱土金属氧化物改性对HUSY沸石分子筛表面酸性和催化性能的影响,通过NH3-TPD表征发现,改性后HUSY沸石的弱酸中心量基本不变,而中强酸与强酸中心量下降,导致催化活性下降,甲基异丙基萘与β-甲基-6-异丙基萘的选择性上升．研究了镁浸溃量对催化性能的影响以及改性前后催化剂的稳定性和再生性能．浸渍量为2％～3％为适宜的用量;镁改性HUSY沸石分子筛具有较好的甲基异丙基萘和2-甲基-6-异丙基萘选择性,稳定性好,再生能力强,是β-甲基萘异丙基化反应较为理想的催化剂．     

β-甲基萘与长链烯烃烷基化研究

详细考察了三氯化铝催化剂用量、反应温度、芳烯物质的量比、反应时间及溶剂用量对β-甲基萘与长链烯烃烷基化的影响．采用气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱联用技术表征了烷基化产物,并对结果进行了分析和讨论．找到了甲基萘与长链烯烃较佳的烷基化条件．副反应得到了有效的抑制,目标产物AMN的选择性可达100％．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that