Strong atom-field coupling for Bose-Einstein condensates in an optical cavity on a chip

An optical cavity enhances the interaction between atoms and light, and the rate of coherent atom-photon coupling can be made larger than all decoherence rates of the system. For single atoms, this 'strong coupling regime' of cavity quantum electrodynamics has been the subject of many experimental advances. Efforts have been made to control the coupling rate by trapping the atom and cooling it towards the motional ground state; the latter has been achieved in one dimension so far. For systems of many atoms, the three-dimensional ground state of motion is routinely achieved in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). Although experiments combining BECs and optical cavities have been reported recently, coupling BECs to cavities that are in the strong-coupling regime for single atoms has remained an elusive goal. Here we report such an experiment, made possible by combining a fibre-based cavity with atom-chip technology. This enables single-atom cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments with a simplified set-up and realizes the situation of many atoms in a cavity, each of which is identically and strongly coupled to the cavity mode. Moreover, the BEC can be positioned deterministically anywhere within the cavity and localized entirely within a single antinode of the standing-wave cavity field; we demonstrate that this gives rise to a controlled, tunable coupling rate. We study the heating rate caused by a cavity transmission measurement as a function of the coupling rate and find no measurable heating for strongly coupled BECs. The spectrum of the coupled atoms-cavity system, which we map out over a wide range of atom numbers and cavity-atom detunings, shows vacuum Rabi splittings exceeding 20 gigahertz, as well as an unpredicted additional splitting, which we attribute to the atomic hyperfine structure. We anticipate that the system will be suitable as a light-matter quantum interface for quantum information.     

Strong dispersive coupling of a high-finesse cavity to a micromechanical membrane

Macroscopic mechanical objects and electromagnetic degrees of freedom can couple to each other through radiation pressure. Optomechanical systems in which this coupling is sufficiently strong are predicted to show quantum effects and are a topic of considerable interest. Devices in this regime would offer new types of control over the quantum state of both light and matter, and would provide a new arena in which to explore the boundary between quantum and classical physics. Experiments so far have achieved sufficient optomechanical coupling to laser-cool mechanical devices, but have not yet reached the quantum regime. The outstanding technical challenge in this field is integrating sensitive micromechanical elements (which must be small, light and flexible) into high-finesse cavities (which are typically rigid and massive) without compromising the mechanical or optical properties of either. A second, and more fundamental, challenge is to read out the mechanical element's energy eigenstate. Displacement measurements (no matter how sensitive) cannot determine an oscillator's energy eigenstate, and measurements coupling to quantities other than displacement have been difficult to realize in practice. Here we present an optomechanical system that has the potential to resolve both of these challenges. We demonstrate a cavity which is detuned by the motion of a 50-nm-thick dielectric membrane placed between two macroscopic, rigid, high-finesse mirrors. This approach segregates optical and mechanical functionality to physically distinct structures and avoids compromising either. It also allows for direct measurement of the square of the membrane's displacement, and thus in principle the membrane's energy eigenstate. We estimate that it should be practical to use this scheme to observe quantum jumps of a mechanical system, an important goal in the field of quantum measurement.     

Tunable ion-photon entanglement in an optical cavity

Proposed quantum networks require both a quantum interface between light and matter and the coherent control of quantum states. A quantum interface can be realized by entangling the state of a single photon with the state of an atomic or solid-state quantum memory, as demonstrated in recent experiments with trapped ions, neutral atoms, atomic ensembles and nitrogen-vacancy spins. The entangling interaction couples an initial quantum memory state to two possible light-matter states, and the atomic level structure of the memory determines the available coupling paths. In previous work, the transition parameters of these paths determined the phase and amplitude of the final entangled state, unless the memory was initially prepared in a superposition state (a step that requires coherent control). Here we report fully tunable entanglement between a single (40)Ca(+) ion and the polarization state of a single photon within an optical resonator. Our method, based on a bichromatic, cavity-mediated Raman transition, allows us to select two coupling paths and adjust their relative phase and amplitude. The cavity setting enables intrinsically deterministic, high-fidelity generation of any two-qubit entangled state. This approach is applicable to a broad range of candidate systems and thus is a promising method for distributing information within quantum networks.     

Photon blockade in an optical cavity with one trapped atom

At low temperatures, sufficiently small metallic and semiconductor devices exhibit the 'Coulomb blockade' effect, in which charge transport through the device occurs on an electron-by-electron basis. For example, a single electron on a metallic island can block the flow of another electron if the charging energy of the island greatly exceeds the thermal energy. The analogous effect of 'photon blockade' has been proposed for the transport of light through an optical system; this involves photon-photon interactions in a nonlinear optical cavity. Here we report observations of photon blockade for the light transmitted by an optical cavity containing one trapped atom, in the regime of strong atom-cavity coupling. Excitation of the atom-cavity system by a first photon blocks the transmission of a second photon, thereby converting an incident poissonian stream of photons into a sub-poissonian, anti-bunched stream. This is confirmed by measurements of the photon statistics of the transmitted field. Our observations of photon blockade represent an advance over traditional nonlinear optics and laser physics, into a regime with dynamical processes involving atoms and photons taken one-by-one.     

二维电磁亥姆霍兹腔中回音壁模式研究

基于严格的广义双级数方法,研究了二维电磁亥姆霍兹腔内回音壁模式的激发;在给出几种回音壁模式的激发波长的同时,探讨了人射角、亥姆霍兹腔开口大小对回音壁模式的影响.结果表明,回音壁模式对人射波长和腔开口大小的改变非常敏感,但相比而言,固定腔的方位角不变时,人射角在较宽范围内的变化并不影响模式的激发.因此,腔的开口大小对亥姆...     

周向波度机械密封的流固耦合

以波度密封为例,建立了考虑静环倾斜时流体动压型机械密封的流固耦合三维性能分析模型,研究了静环倾斜量、密封环弹性变形对端面压强分布、密封性能的影响规律;同时改变结构参数和操作参数,研究其对端面弹性变形的影响规律。结果表明：弹性变形及静环的倾斜对端面的压强分布、密封性能影响显著,使端面间隙由外径向内径形成收敛型,周向波度及...     

飞力ITT潜水搅拌器机械密封腔强化流动特性分析

利用Fluent流场分析软件,建立了机械密封强化流动密封腔和普通密封腔流场模型,对比分析了两种密封腔内流场特性;并采用正交试验,综合考虑叶轮结构对密封腔内流场特性的影响,分析了以搅拌功率为优化对象时叶轮结构参数的优化组合。结果表明：叶轮能够增强密封腔内流体的流动效果,减小密封腔内流动死区面积,增大强制涡流区域面积;叶轮外径对密封腔流场特性的影响程度最大,叶片倾角最小。     

非线性振子系统对外界作用的热力学响应

将介质视为非线性振子系统，应用对刘维方程的微扰展开方法和定态微扰方法，得到了有快速电子穿过系统导致的密度矩阵的改变，为进一步计算相关热力学量提供了基础。     

W波段圆电模回旋振荡管准光模式变换器的理论与设计

基于几何光学导出圆电模回旋振荡管准光模式变换器的理论,确定了开口辐射器、椭圆面反射镜和抛物面反射镜的具体形状,研究并设计了一个由Vlasov阶梯型开口辐射器、椭圆面反射镜和抛物面反射镜组成的W波段圆电模回旋振荡管准光模式变换器。利用矢量绕射理论分析了此模式变换器的工作机理;编写仿真程序设计和模拟了W波段TE02模回旋振荡管准光模式变换器的变换过程。结果表明,在输出窗处工作模式被转换为场型较好的高斯波束,转换效率为73.9%。     

组合模函数方法及其在机械故障诊断中的应用

针对信号被噪声污染时,经验模式分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)分析信号得到的本征模函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF)会发生明显畸变,从而降低经验模式分解精度这一问题,提出了组合模函数方法。该方法利用经验模式分解算法对信号进行分解,然后将特定的本征模函数组合起来,从而得到一个新的带宽依据信号特点自适应变化的带通滤波器,揭示信号特征。将所提出的方法应用于仿真数据及某电厂发电机组高压缸振动超限故障数据分析。结果表明:组合模函数方法能够较好地解决本征模函数畸变问题,明显提高经验模式分解精度,有助于精确提取故障特征和正确诊断故障类型;组合模函数方法对工程环境采集的机械设备故障数据分析和特征提取具有一定实用价值。     

Enhancement of chaotic carrier bandwidth in a semiconductor laser transmitter using self-phase modulation in an optical fiber external round cavity

A novel method to enhance the bandwidth of a chaotic carrier from a delayed feedback semiconductor laser transmitter is pre- sented using self-phase modulation (SPM) in an optical fiber external round cavity. A physical model of the laser dynamics is established under the condition of optical feedback light with the SPM effect in the fiber path. A formula for frequency detuning of the optical dual-feedback under SPM is theoretically deduced. The results show that the nonlinear phase shift caused by SPM has ...     

Control of the carrier-envelope phases of a synchronously pumped femtosecond optical parametric oscillator and its applications

The intrinsic synchronization, multi-color outputs and related carrier-envelope phases （CEP） among pulses bring advantages to synchronously pumped femtosecond optical parametric oscillators and the pumping sources for broadband frequency comb generation and ultrashort waveform coherent syn-thesis. In this paper, we discuss our latest research results in this field, which cover the following as-pects： the phase relationship and energy conservation law in an OPO and related experimental verifi-cation; control of the pumping Ti-sapphire femtosecond laser＇s CEP by self-referencing technology, and its repetition-rate locking by piezoelectric transducer （PZT）; CEP locking of the pulses from the OPO by beating the non-phase-matched visible outputs against pump supercontinuum to obtain a driving signal for a fast PZT on the OPO end mirror; the generation of a broadband frequency comb spanning from 400 nm to 2.4 μm with 1.2 kHz bandwidth; and the realization of coherent interference between phase controlled pump pulses and signal second harmonic pulses.     

钇铁石榴石振荡器的S波段频率综合器的设计

针对现代雷达系统以及一些精密测量仪器所需要的超宽带、微小步进、低相位噪声本振源的问题,提出了一种采用钇铁石榴石振荡器为主的锁相环内插直接数字频率合成器方案.实现了S波段2～4 GHz频率范围内微小步进频率源的研究与设计.实验表明：采用钇铁石榴石振荡器频率综合器的相位噪声与动态范围都优于采用一般压控振荡器的频率综合器.     

Coherent dynamics of a flux qubit coupled to a harmonic oscillator

In the emerging field of quantum computation and quantum information, superconducting devices are promising candidates for the implementation of solid-state quantum bits (qubits). Single-qubit operations, direct coupling between two qubits and the realization of a quantum gate have been reported. However, complex manipulation of entangled states-such as the coupling of a two-level system to a quantum harmonic oscillator, as demonstrated in ion/atom-trap experiments and cavity quantum electrodynamics-has yet to be achieved for superconducting devices. Here we demonstrate entanglement between a superconducting flux qubit (a two-level system) and a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The latter provides the measurement system for detecting the quantum states; it is also an effective inductance that, in parallel with an external shunt capacitance, acts as a harmonic oscillator. We achieve generation and control of the entangled state by performing microwave spectroscopy and detecting the resultant Rabi oscillations of the coupled system.     

静压式机械密封流固耦合的理论分析

针对一种收敛间隙静压式机械密封,建立了机械密封流固耦合模型,采用有限元方法求解不可压缩Reynolds方程,得到密封间隙流体压力分布,采用ANSYS有限元软件计算密封组件的弹性变形,利用两者之间自动迭代计算实现流固耦合分析。结果表明,高压工况下,静压式机械密封间隙的压力分布受到密封端面变形的影响,同时又会影响到端面的变形。该流固耦合分析考虑了密封组件之间的接触摩擦和预紧作用,能够准确反映高压流体和密封结构的相互影响。计算得到的泄漏量与实验值吻合,对特殊工况下静压式机械密封的流固耦合研究具有参考意义。     

Coherent coupling of a superconducting flux qubit to an electron spin ensemble in diamond

During the past decade, research into superconducting quantum bits (qubits) based on Josephson junctions has made rapid progress. Many foundational experiments have been performed, and superconducting qubits are now considered one of the most promising systems for quantum information processing. However, the experimentally reported coherence times are likely to be insufficient for future large-scale quantum computation. A natural solution to this problem is a dedicated engineered quantum memory based on atomic and molecular systems. The question of whether coherent quantum coupling is possible between such natural systems and a single macroscopic artificial atom has attracted considerable attention since the first demonstration of macroscopic quantum coherence in Josephson junction circuits. Here we report evidence of coherent strong coupling between a single macroscopic superconducting artificial atom (a flux qubit) and an ensemble of electron spins in the form of nitrogen-vacancy colour centres in diamond. Furthermore, we have observed coherent exchange of a single quantum of energy between a flux qubit and a macroscopic ensemble consisting of about 3?×?10(7) such colour centres. This provides a foundation for future quantum memories and hybrid devices coupling microwave and optical systems.     

原子与双光场耦合系统量子信息保真度研究

讨论了在相位阻尼作用下，一个二能级原子与两个不同光场相互作用时系统的量子信息保真度随时间演化的过程，并对一个任意纯态量子比特通过光场与二能级原子耦合系统进行量子传输的保真度进行了研究，分析了系统作为传输信道对信息的支持程度（即系统的传真度）；着重讨论了相位阻尼和失谐对量子传输保真度的影响，并且获得了通过该信道进行传输的最大保真度。     

注入光场对Lorenz-Haken振子混沌态的影响

研究了Lorenz—Haken(LH)振子处于混沌态时，注入余弦信号和δ脉冲对它的影响．通过数值计算了Lyapunov指数与余弦信号的无量纲振幅和无量纲调制频率及δ脉冲的周期和耦合常数的关系．结果表明：余弦信号无量纲振幅和δ脉冲的耦合常数的增加，将抑制混沌；余弦信号无量纲频率和δ脉冲的周期的增加，将产生混沌．进而讨论了在不同条件下混沌态的演化和混沌控制的条件。     

热-力耦合作用下花岗岩蠕变损伤模型

热-力耦合作用下的岩石蠕变行为对深部地下工程、高放射性废料处置工程影响显著.基于20～300℃下的花岗岩蠕变试验,分析温度对瞬时应变和蠕变应变速率的影响,由此认为温度对花岗岩瞬时弹性模量造成瞬时损伤并促进后续蠕变损伤过程,从而定义瞬时、蠕变热损伤变量.构建广义Kelvin热损伤模型和黏塑性热损伤元件,采用Heard指数...