上海菠菜霜霉病菌生理小种鉴定及分子检测

明确我国不同区域菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.)霜霉病菌(Peronospora effuse)生理小种的类别,是筛选和鉴定抗病菠菜种质资源和选育抗病新品种的基础.对采集于上海的2份菠菜霜霉病病原菌进行了鉴定,并根据内部转录间隔区(ITS)通用引物对其ITS序列进行克隆和分析.结果表明:上海地区的菠菜霜霉病菌为9号生理小种,属于Peronospora effusa.本研究明确了上海地区生理小种类别,为菠菜抗霜霉病育种提供参考.     

斜带石斑鱼ERP44基因的克隆与表达分析

为进一步了解内质网蛋白44基因(ERP44)在石斑鱼免疫反应中的作用,本研究根据实验室石斑鱼转录组数据中ERP44的表达序列标签(EST)设计引物,克隆了斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)Ec-ERP44基因的开放阅读框序列(ORF),利用生物信息学手段分析Ec-ERP44基因及其编码蛋白的序列结构和特征,并通过实时荧光定量PCR检测该基因的组织分布特征,以及脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide, LPS)、聚肌胞苷酸(Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, Poly I:C)刺激后该基因在石斑鱼脾脏中的表达变化。研究结果表明,Ec-ERP44基因ORF全长1 233 bp,编码410个氨基酸;该蛋白具有蛋白质二硫键异构酶(PDI)家族保守的硫氧还蛋白结构域。同时,Ec-ERP44基因在健康石斑鱼体内的多种组织均有表达,其中在脑组织中的表达量最高;在LPS与Poly I:C刺激后,石斑鱼脾脏中Ec-ERP44基因的表达显著上调。本研究结果表明,Ec-ERP44基因参与了石斑鱼抗病原感染的免疫反应。     

Effect of global warming on the distribution of Lucifer intermedius and L. hanseni （Decapoda） in the Changjiang estuary

We conducted an oceanographic census in 1959, 2002, and 2005 to evaluate changes in the temporo-spatial distribution and abundance of Lucifer intermedius and L. hanseni in the Changjiang estuary. In general, the abundance and frequency of occurrence (OF) for these two species were highest during the summer. We measured a significant change in the abundance and OF between years. The abundance and OF of L. intermedius increased from 3.7 individuals m⁻³ and 66.67%, respectively, in 1959, to 8.93 individuals m⁻³ and 85.19%, in 2002. In 1959, L. hanseni was only found during the summer (abundance: 0.01 individuals m⁻³, OF: 3.70%). However, in 2002, this species was collected during all seasons except the winter. Furthermore, abundance (0.47 individuals m⁻³) and OF (25.93%) were higher in 2002 than in 1959. Further increases in abundance and OF were measured during cruises during the spring of 2005. We hypothesize that global warming is responsible for the increase in abundance of L. intermedius and L. hanseni and the northward expansion of L. hanseni in the Changjiang estuary. Given our results, monitoring of both species may be useful to evaluate the effects of climate change.     

鸡蛋花鞘锈菌重寄生真菌的种类鉴定及其寄主范围测定

鉴定鸡蛋花鞘锈菌Coleosporium plumeriae重寄生真菌的种类,明确其寄主范围,为鸡蛋花锈病及其他植物锈病的生物防治提供依据。通过分离和纯化鸡蛋花锈病叶背夏孢子堆上的重寄生真菌,经单孢纯化获得12个单孢菌株,其菌落及分生孢子特征一致,菌落白色,分生孢子近圆形或卵圆形,单胞,无色,呈头状聚生在分生孢子梗顶端。选取菌株PR-CPH1作为代表,分析3个片段的核苷酸序列,PR-CPH1的ITS(MW505984)、SSU(MW505988)和LSU(MW505987)序列与Simplicillium subtropicum的ITS(AB603990)、SSU(LC496895)和LSU(LC496880)序列的一致性分别为99.00%、98.11%和98.11%。系统发育树分析发现,菌株PR-CPH1的ITS-SSU-LSU联合序列与S.subtropicum(菌株号：JCM18180)聚在同一个分支。结合形态特征和ITS、SSU、LSU的序列分析,鉴定鸡蛋花鞘锈菌重寄生真菌为S.subtropicum。测定S.subtropicum寄主范围的结果显示,在8种植物锈菌中,菌株PR...     

光柄筒冠花核糖体DNA ITS区序列

测定中国特有植物光西风筒化的ＩＴＳ区序列,分析了其结构特征,Ｇ＋Ｃ百分含质量及序列变异性,并比较了光西风筒冠花与其他被子植物的ＩＴＳ区序列特征。光柄筒冠花的ＩＴＳ区和５．８Ｓ ＤＮＡ的总长度为６０９个核苷酸。其中ＩＴＳ－１为２０７ｂｐ,ＩＴＳ－２为２３６ｂｐ,５．８ＳｒＤＮＡ为１６６ｂｐ;总的ω（Ｇ＋Ｃ）为５９．１１％,其中ＩＴＳ－１为６４．２５％,ＩＴＳ－２为５７．６３％和５．８ＳｒＤＮＡ为５３     

不同栽培基质对两种石斛生长及生理的影响

以金钗石斛和蜂腰石斛为试验材料,采用菌渣、松树皮、草炭、木屑、椰糠和水苔为栽培基质,研究不同配比的栽培基质对两种石斛生长和生理的影响.筛选出更适宜两种石斛幼苗生长的最佳基质配方,为两种石斛的规模化生产奠定基础.结果表明:添加有菌渣、水苔、草炭和椰糠等材料的基质都较常规栽培基质(松树皮+水苔)能不同程度地增加两种石斛的成活率,有效提高生物量,促进植株生长.通过隶属函数综合评价可知,m(菌渣)∶m(松树皮)∶m(水苔)=1∶2∶1的基质配方最有利于金钗石斛幼苗的生长,而m(草炭)∶m(松树皮)∶m(椰糠)=1∶2∶1的基质最有利于蜂腰石斛幼苗的生长.且这两种混合栽培基质能有效增加金钗石斛和蜂腰石斛幼苗的叶绿素、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量;增强POD和SOD活性,提高植株抗逆性.     

滇藏地区8种鹅膏菌的ITS序列分析

 对滇藏地区8种鹅膏菌的核糖体DNA(rDNA)内转录间隔区(ITS)进行PCR扩增和测序,用ClustalX(version 1.81)软件对所测的ITS序列进行比对分析.结果表明,除5.8S rDNA(其长度为160 bp)比较保守外,8个不同种的ITS序列在长度和碱基位点上都存在较大差异,其中ITS1区间的片段长度为206～297 bp,ITS2区间的片段长度为191～238 bp.这说明鹅膏属的种间具有较高的遗传多样性.利用MEGA(version 3.1)软件进行聚类,8个鹅膏菌在D=0.14处分成3组,与传统分类有出入.这为鹅膏菌的进一步分类及研究提供了分子依据.     

“活化石”植物银杏形态与分子进化（Ⅰ）

测定了银杏雌株核糖体ｒＲＮＡ基因转录间隔区ｒＤＮＡＩＴＳ区全序列共１１７２碱基对,其中ＩＴＳ１长７８８碱基对,ＩＴＳ２２２６碱基对,５８ＳｒＲＮＡ基因１５８碱基对．采用计算机分析软件对所获得序列进行比较分析．结果表明：形态上仅有很少变化的银杏,其个体之间有明显的分子差异,不同产地栽培株ｒＤＮＡＩＴＳ区序列的核苷酸差异值高达２５％,这一差异远远大于一般意义上种间的距离,表明了该类植物形态上的变化与分子进化的不一致．造成形态与分子进化不一致的原因有待进一步探讨．     

Testing relative evolutionary rates and estimating divergence times among six genera of Rhizophoraceae using cpDNA and nrDNA sequences

The molecular phylogenetic trees of 10 species representing 6 genera of the family Rhizophoraceae have been constructed using the sequences of chloroplast genesmatK andrbcL as well as the ITS regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Relative-rate tests between lineages in these phylogenetic trees have been performed. On the basis of the results of the relative-rate tests and related molecular evolutionary rate data, the divergence times between the lineages are estimated as follows: (i) the first divergence time in these genera is 132.25 million years ago (mya); (ii) the average divergence time between two tribes, i.e. inland Legnotideae (exceptCarallia brachiata) and mangrove Rhizophoreae, is 64.13 mya; and (iii) the average divergence time between two inland species,C. garciniaefolia andC. pectinifolia, is 19.92 mya.     

基于线粒体Cytb基因序列的褐石斑鱼种群遗传多样性分析

为评估种质资源状况被世界自然保护联盟(International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN)评定为易危物种的褐石斑鱼(Epinephelus bruneus)野生种群的遗传多样性和遗传分化水平，采用PCR方法测定褐石斑鱼西太平洋海区的中国海南岛(HN)、福建厦门(XM)和韩国济州岛(HG)3个地理群体的线粒体细胞色素b(Cytb)基因的部分序列，并对其基因序列遗传变异、谱系结构和群体扩张历史特征进行分析。结果显示，褐石斑鱼3个地理种群(88个个体)共检测出18个多态位点，共有7种单倍型；各地理群体遗传多样性水平较低，而且单倍型在群体间分布不均，韩国群体遗传多样性最高，中国海南和厦门群体遗传多样性较低。地理距离最远的韩国群体和中国海南群体遗传分化最高(F_ST=0.177 5),地理距离最近的中国海南群体和厦门群体的遗传分化最低(F_ST=0.013 4)。Mantel检验结果显示，3个褐石斑鱼群体间遗传距离和地理距离间存在显著相关，距离隔离(Isolation by Distance, IBD)...     

PCR amplification of Sox genes inMisgurnus anguillicaudatus andParamisgurnus dabryanus (Cypriniforms; Cobitidae)

Using the primers which specially amplify the conservative motif of Human SRY gene, we studied the PCR amplification of Sox genes in genomic DNA of two species of mud loach:Misgurnus anguillicaudatus andParamisgurnus dabryanus. Four bands with the length of 200,550,940 and 1000 bp respectively, were presented in the PCR products ofMisgurnus anguillicaudatus. Three bands with the length of 200,550 and 900 bp were presented in that ofParamisgurnus dabryanus. Southern blotting results indicated that the 200 and 550 bp bands are specially positive. There is no difference between male and female individuals as well as between these two species. Chang zhongjie: Born in Nov. 1965, Ph. D. graduate student     

红树蚬与歪红树蚬形态差异分析

【目的】从形态上区分红树蚬(Polymesoda erosa)和歪红树蚬(Polymesoda expansa)。【方法】运用多变量形态度量学分析方法,采用14项生物学形态性状指标比较广西廉州湾草头村红树林的红树蚬与歪红树蚬的差异。【结果】方差分析结果显示,1个比例性状达到差异显著水平(P0.05),12个比例性状达到差异极显著水平(P0.01)。主成分分析构建了4个主成分,第1主成分贡献率为30.70%,第2主成分贡献率为17.76%,第3主成分贡献率为10.11%,第4主成分贡献率为7.80%,累计贡献率为66.37%。逐步判别分析建立判别函数,其判别准确率p1为81.7%~89.0%,p2为81.7%~87.5%,综合判别率为86.0%。【结论】壳高、壳宽、韧带长、韧带宽等性状决定红树蚬和歪红树蚬两个种间的形态差异,判别方程可以有效将上述种群区分开来。     

除草剂对桉树×降香黄檀混交林下植物功能群的影响

【目的】了解在炼山和非炼山条件下草甘膦除草剂的应用对桉树×降香黄檀混交林下植物功能群的影响。【方法】通过炼山+除草剂、不炼山+除草剂和对照(不炼山不施除草剂)的控制性试验,研究林下植物群落组成、植物功能群对除草剂的响应及分异规律。【结果】与对照比较,除草剂施用1年后,林下植物群落有很高的相似性(Jaccard相似性指数0.7),但群落的恒有种特别是稀有种数量存在较大差异。不炼山+除草剂处理的恒有种分别比炼山+除草剂、对照处理的高37.50%和57.14%,而稀有种则由2种分别增至24种和7种。这一结果说明炼山+除草剂条件有利于稀有种的发育,而不炼山+除草剂条件则有利于恒有种的发展。炼山+除草剂处理增加禾草和豆科植物功能群的丰富度,不炼山+除草剂处理降低藤本和木本植物功能群的丰富度,但只有木本植物丰富度的差异达显著水平。炼山+除草剂处理降低杂草、禾草和豆科植物功能群的相对多度和相对盖度,显著降低蕨类植物的相对多度和相对盖度;不炼山+除草剂处理显著降低木本植物的相对盖度。【结论】低浓度、低频率的除草剂(草甘膦)应用对林下植物功能群的影响是初期和短期的。     

广东汕尾凹顶藻类(红藻门)的形态分类学研究

为了解中国南海北部凹顶藻物种的多样性以及加快该地的凹顶藻属物种资源开发和利用,本研究利用形态学和解剖学方法,对采自广东汕尾的大型海洋红藻凹顶藻类(Laurencia Complex)进行分类学研究。经鉴定共发现4个物种,即波状软凹藻(Chondrophycus undulatus (Yamada)Garbary et Harper)、凹顶藻(Laurencia chinensis Tseng)、三列凹顶藻(Lt.risticha Tseng,Chang,Xia et Xia)和小瘤栅凹藻(Palisada parvipapillata (Tseng)Nam)。文中对此4种凹顶藻类物种的内、外部形态特征进行了较详细的描述与介绍,并结合生物冷冻切片技术,获得了各个物种较清晰的解剖学特征图片,对未来凹顶藻类物种的鉴定提供一定分类学意义。     

3种苏铁属植物总黄酮、总多糖含量及抗氧化活性研究

为探究锈毛苏铁(Cycas ferruginea)、叉孢苏铁(C.segmentifida)和石山苏铁(C.sexseminifera) 3种苏铁属(Cycas)植物的总黄酮、总多糖含量以及抗氧化活性,本研究采用超声波辅助法对其根、叶柄、叶、雄球花、茎干的总黄酮及总多糖含量进行提取,以DPPH自由基(DPPH·)、羟自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O^-₂·)清除率评价其抗氧化活性,并采用Pearson相关性分析法分析相关性。结果表明：锈毛苏铁、叉孢苏铁和石山苏铁叶的总黄酮含量较高,大小依次为锈毛苏铁(8.61 mg·100 mg^-1)>叉孢苏铁(7.82 mg·100 mg^-1)>石山苏铁(1.04 mg·100 mg^-1);茎干中总多糖含量最高,大小依次为叉孢苏铁(28.32 mg·100 mg^-1)>石山苏铁(24.43 mg·100 mg^-1)>锈毛苏铁(16.59 mg·100 mg^-1<...     

Analysis of IGF2 mRNA expression and its methylation status between cattle yaks and their parents

Cattle yaks are an F1 hybrid between cattle and yaks and exhibit significant hybrid vigor. However, cattle yaks are sterile males. To study the epigenetic aspects of this reproductive isolation, IGF2 mRNA expression in cattle yaks and their parents and the patterns of the IGF2 differentially methylated regions (DMR) were examined in blood and testes. The results showed that IGF2 expression in cattle yaks’ testes was lower than in their parents (P < 0.01). The IGF2 DMR was highly methylated (above 90%) in blood and testes of cattle yaks, yaks and cattle, with the highest level in cattle yaks (P > 0.05). Our study showed that IGF2 plays an important role in bovine spermatogenesis and might be involved in cattle-yak male sterility. The methylation level of the IGF2 DMR was irrelevant to the lower expression of IGF2 in cattle yaks; other factors perhaps play roles in its expression.     

万安玻璃红鲤鱼PKR的克隆鉴定与系统进化分析

本研究以万安玻璃红鲤鱼为材料,通过同源克隆的方法克隆了万安玻璃红鲤鱼双链RNA激活的蛋白激酶（PKRCcvwPKR）,并首次克隆到CcvwPKR的剪接异构体。CcvwPKR全长为2145 bp,编码714个氨基酸,CcvwPKR剪接异构体全长1431 bp,编码476个氨基酸。CcvwPKR的剪接异构体是CcvwPKR第477个密码子的G突变为T（gaa477taa）,从而使得CcvwPKR的翻译提前终止。氨基酸序列比对和空间结构SMART预测显示,CcvwPKR和CcvwPKR剪接异构体都含有三个双链RNA结合模体（dsRBM）,CcvwPKR剪接异构体缺失PKR的C端的激酶结构域。系统进化分析表明,万安玻璃红鲤鱼PKR在进化上与鲤鱼和鲫鱼密切相关。万安玻璃红鲤鱼和目前已有研究的鲤科鱼类PKR一样,分子结构都含有三个dsRBM,三个dsRBM使得其具有更强的结合dsRNA的作用,推测可能与其较强的抗病能力有关。     

斜带石斑鱼神经坏死病毒基因组RNA1和RNA2序列测定及分析

根据GenBank数据库公布的鱼类神经坏死病毒(nervous necrosis virus,NNV)同源序列设计了7对特异性引物,采用RT-PCR方法扩增出目的片断,将PCR产物测序和分析.斜带石斑鱼Epinephelus coioides神经坏死病毒(orange-spotted NNV,OGNNV)基因组由两个片断(RNA1和RNA2)组成,RNA1由3 103个核苷酸组成,含有一个开放阅读框,编码982个氨基酸;RNA2由1 433个核苷酸组成,含有一个开放阅读框,编码338个氨基酸.OGNNV基因组与新加坡GGNNV(greasy grouper NNV)的基因组有高度的相似性.分析病毒的RNA2序列发现:OGNNV与DGNNV(dragon grouper NNV)、RGNNV(redspotted NNV)和GGNNV的亲缘关系很近,并且具有相同的中和位点;分析病毒的RNA1序列,发现在OGNNV的RNA1序列中同样可以找到依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶的6个模序(motif).根据同源性比较和系统进化分析,OGNNV属于RGNNV血清型的成员.