Ag/TiO2,Pd/TiO2和TiO2对庚烷的光催化氧化活性

用光沉积法制备Ag/TiO2和Pd/TiO2催化剂样品,然后用表面光电压谱(SPS)和紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)对样品进行表征.以气态庚烷为反应体系,来比较上述两种催化剂的光催化活性.与纯TiO2比较,Ag和Pd的存在提高了TiO2的光催化活性;其原因可解释为金属Ag或Pd捕获电子,从而提高了电子-空穴对的分离效率;结果还表明与Pd/TiO2催化剂相比,Ag/TiO2表现出较高的光催化活性,这主要是Ag比Pd具有较强的捕获电子的能力.     

S、La3+共掺杂TiO2的制备及其可见光下光催化制氢性能

采用溶胶一凝胶法制备了S、La3 共掺杂TiO2可见光光催化剂.通过UV-Vis DRS、XRD、XPS、电化学等手段对催化剂进行了表征.以可见光光催化制氢为探针反应考察了催化剂的活性.结果表明:两种元素掺杂没有改变TiO2的晶型,但掺杂后增强了TiO2晶格畸变;La3 掺杂显著地提高了S/TiO2的可见光活性.相对于纯TiO2和S/TiO2,S、La3 共掺杂时TiO2的粒径更小,平带电位负移更明显,光的吸收边带红移更显著.当S、Ti的量比,n(S)/n(Ti)为5:1、La3 掺杂量(质量分数)为0.75%、煅烧温度为450℃时,La3 /S/TiO2的光催化活性最高.     

掺铜方法对二氧化钛光催化氧化还原性能的影响

采用浸渍法、水解沉淀法、机械混合法制备了铜掺杂的TiO2光催化剂.利用XRD,XPS,TPR等手段对不同样品进行了表征,以乙酸水溶液的光催化氧化降解及二氧化碳光催化还原为反应探针,对3种催化剂光催化活性进行了评价.结果表明,不同方法掺铜影响催化剂表面性质如吸附氧、元素价态及分布,进而影响光催化性能.吸附氧的性能以及存在合适比例的氧化还原对Cu+/Cu2+导致浸渍法制备的掺铜TiO2光催化剂具有最好的光催化活性.     

微波-二元醇技术制备Au/TiO2及其光催化消除臭氧

以TiO2为载体,利用微波加热HAuCl4的乙二醇溶液,制得了负载型的Au/TiO2催化剂,采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、漫反射光谱(DRS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等现代表征技术对Au/TiO2催化剂进行了表征,并考察了其光催化分解臭氧的性能.结果表明,微波辅助制备的Au/TiO2催化剂具有较高的光催化消除臭氧活性.     

POMs/TiO2复合催化剂光催化降解染料废水的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶方法表面修饰TiO2制备了几种POMs/TiO2复合光催化剂,考察了催化剂在紫外光照射下对模拟染料废水(茜素红溶液)的光催化降解行为.结果表明:POMs/TiO2复合催化剂较纯TiO2光催化降解茜素红活性明显提高,其中复合催化剂Cr3OSiW12/TiO2光催化降解模拟染料废水(茜素红溶液)效果最佳.反应最佳条件:催化剂为Cr3OSiW12/TiO2,多酸质量分数为0.5%,催化剂用量为15 mg,茜素红溶液浓度为0.1mmol/L.茜素红降解质量分数可达74.6%.     

TiO2/沸石微粒的制备及其光降解甲基橙的性能研究

以钛酸丁酯为钛源,180目天然沸石为载体,用溶胶-凝胶-浸渍法制备了不同涂膜层数的TiO2/沸石微粒光催化剂,用X射线衍射和红外光谱对其进行了表征.以甲基橙为目标降解物,在光照强度、甲基橙初始浓度、催化剂投加量与空气通入量一定的光催化反应器中,通过30min光催化降解的吸光度变化,考察了TiO2涂膜层数、催化剂重用性能等不同条件下催化剂的光催化活性.结果表明,涂覆5层、 120℃下干燥12h、200℃煅烧2h时的TiO2/沸石微粒对沸石结构没有影响,TiO2与沸石间形成了较强的Ti-O-Si化学键合,光催化活性最高,投加1.0mL H2O2,重复使用4次后再生,其光催化活性由59.35%恢复至82.3%.     

掺杂Zn2+纳米TiO2光催化降解亚甲基蓝

印染废水治理是水系环境治理的重点,而亚甲基蓝是印染废水中典型的有机污染物。本研究选用掺杂Zn2+的纳米TiO2作为光催化剂对亚甲基蓝进行降解研究。XRD谱图分析表明,Zn2+的掺入可改变纳米TiO2锐钛矿型和金红石型的组成。制备工艺参数对样品光催化降解亚甲基蓝的活性具有很大影响,纯TiO2样品在450℃焙烧时的活性较其他温度的高;而掺杂Zn2+的样品则在500℃焙烧时的光催化活性相对最佳。催化剂的加入量过高或过低都不利于光催化活性的提高,催化剂的加入量为1g/L时,光催化剂对亚甲基蓝的降解效果最好;Zn2+掺入量为0.5%时,掺杂粉体的光催化活性相对较高。随着掺杂量的进一步增加,光催化活性降低。被降解有机物浓度过高时,紫外光较难到达催化剂表面,光的利用率降低,导致催化剂活性降低。亚甲基蓝的初始浓度为5mg/L时的降解速率较快。     

多孔结构TiO2纳米膜的光催化活性及其动力学研究

考察了多孔结构TiO2 膜的光催化活性 ,并通过X射线衍射 (XRD)、电镜分析 (SEM)、光电能谱分析 (XPS)对催化剂表面进行了表征 ,结果表明 :TiO2 的晶型为锐钛矿型 ,粒子平均半径为 32 .94nm ;这种结构TiO2 纳米膜在对甲基橙的降解中显示了较好的光催化活性 ( 5 0min光照后 ,最高降解率达到了 92 .1% ) ;对光催化动力学进行了初步研究 ,结果表明 ,光催化降解在所考察范围内为一级反应     

TiO_2/氧化石墨烯复合材料的合成及光催化性能研究

以自制氧化石墨、钛酸丁酯为主要原料,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2/氧化石墨烯(TiO2/GO)复合材料,采用TEM、XRD对其进行表征。以活性艳红X-3B溶液为模拟废水,研究了该复合材料的光催化降解性能,考察了氧化石墨烯含量、染料初始浓度、催化剂用量等因素对其光催化降解率的影响。结果表明:氧化石墨烯片层上均匀负载着锐钛矿型的TiO2球形颗粒,粒径在10 nm左右;当TiO2/GO复合材料中加入的GO含量为100 mg时光催化活性最好,比相同条件下纯TiO2和TiO2与氧化石墨物理混合物的光催化活性有明显提高;相同条件下,降解率随溶液初始浓度的升高而降低,催化剂用量存在最佳值,100 mg/L的活性艳红X-3B溶液,催化剂用量的最佳值为0.8 g/L,反应60 min后其降解率可达96%。     

CTAB微乳体系合成纳米T iO2 /SiO2复合物的研究

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/正己醇/水微乳体系合成纳米TiO2/SiO2复合物,用X射线衍射、投射电镜和热重分析法对其结构进行了表征,并以碱性品红降解评价了其光催化性能,讨论了煅烧温度与光催化活性的关系.光催化实验表明TiO2/SiO2复合物降解碱性品红能力优于纯TiO2;TiO2/SiO2复合物的光催化活性随煅烧温度先增加后减少,煅烧温度在800℃时TiO2/SiO2复合物的光催化活性最好.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-