立面1R2T三自由度绳牵引并联机构的位姿运动学分析

给出所设计的立面1R2T三自由度绳牵引并联机构的模型;在该模型的竖直平面上对末端执行器进行了详尽的位姿运动学分析,提出了封闭矢量四边形法则在求解所有的不规则几何图形的位姿运动学逆解时都适用的观点.文中运用力矩平衡法确定其质心位置的方法;又根据封闭矢量四边形法则,建立了运动学位姿逆解模型,利用Moore-Penrose逆求解运动学位姿正解;最后在所规划的椭圆轨迹下,采用Simulink仿真软件进行了末端执行器的运动轨迹和绳长变化规律的仿真.研究表明:在所规划椭圆轨迹下,所有绳长的变化是连续的;位姿运动学正逆解相互验证表明所采用的算法是正确且通用的.     

六自由度绳牵引并联机构的轨迹规划

建立所设计的六自由度绳牵引并联机构的运动学逆解模型后，提出1种计算拉力的算法，以动平台末端执行器能实现∞型的轨迹为目标，进行运动规划，研究绳的运动特性。仿真结果表明，绳的速度值和加速度值，始终不大于动平台末端执行器的速度值和加速度值，绳的加速度值和末端执行器的加速度值，同属1个数量级。同时，一些绳的拉力的变化不大(处于“关”的状态)；而另外一些绳的拉力的变化很大(处于“开”的状态)，这些运动轨迹规划的仿真结果，能为以后该机构的运动控制方案的研究以及控制系统的设计，提供依据。文中提出的运动轨迹规划方法，它对一般的六自由度绳牵引并联机构都适用。     

基于粒子群优化算法的绳驱动连续体机器人轨迹规划

为提高绳驱动连续体机器人运动的平滑性和稳定性,在关节空间和笛卡尔空间研究了基于样条函数和粒子群算法的轨迹规划问题。首先,采用双参数局部指数积公式建立连续体机器人的运动学模型;其次,根据牛顿-拉夫森迭代方法进行逆运动学求解;最后,基于自适应惯性权重的粒子群时间最优化算法结合五次B样条函数,分别实现了连续体机器人在关节空间和笛卡尔空间的轨迹规划。仿真结果表明：在相同的条件下,两种方法均可得到连续体机器人末端的连续轨迹,速度均小于10 mm/s,加速度均小于20 mm/s²;基于关节空间规划出的关节位移、速度、加速度曲线更为平滑,关节空间规划用时9.219 3 s,笛卡尔空间规划用时10.604 6 s。基于粒子群优化算法的绳驱动连续体机器人轨迹规划研究,提高了连续体机器人的运动性能,可为绳驱动连续体机器人的位姿规划提供参考。     

基于Matlab的六自由度工业机器人运动学逆解分析及仿真

在Matlab环境下对六自由度工业机器人进行运动学逆解研究,以ER7B-C10机器人为研究对象,使用D-H法进行各关节坐标系建立及参数设计,推导出正运动学方程。鉴于目前应用较为广泛的解析法求逆解仍然存在不足之处,运用几何法求解逆运动方程,在Matlab中利用Robotics Toolbox搭建仿真结构,直接调用Robotics Toolbox工具箱中ikine函数。由于迭代过程的收敛性导致验证过程中存在无解或少解的情况,因此对所求逆解的可靠性增加验证设计来证明几何法求逆解方法可行。对机器人模型在空间轨迹及各关节的位移、速度和加速度等内容进行了仿真分析,结果验证了ER7B-C10机器人运动的可行性,为后续分析机器人动力学、轨迹规划提供了运动学参考。     

六自由度机械臂运动轨迹自动生成方法仿真与实现

运用运动捕捉系统,结合机器人运动学方法,提出一种六自由度机械臂运动轨迹自动生成方法.首先,在运动捕捉系统下得到人手臂末端的Marker标记点的位姿信息;然后,通过数据处理得到标记点的位姿矩阵,并将其作为机械臂末端执行器的位姿矩阵,进而通过数据流通道将该数据传入机器人运动学仿真系统,在仿真系统中运用代数解法求机器人运动学逆解,并进行运动学仿真.最后,将逆解求得的6个关节角度传入机械臂本体,实现机械臂末端执行器按照运动捕捉系统下手臂末端标记点的运动轨迹而运动.仿真实验表明:该方法具有可行性.     

考虑冗余机械臂末端运动特性的规划方法

机械臂运动规划是机器人研究领域的重点,对机械臂能否顺利执行任务非常重要。目前,机械臂运动规划多使用RRT法,然而该方法是在关节空间进行规划,无法适用于机械臂末端执行器存在约束的任务。为了克服这个不足,该文提出了一种任务自由子空间RRT(rapidly-exploring random tree)法,在末端执行器任务空间的自由子空间中构建RRT,并对其每步扩张进行逆运动学轨迹优化,求解出相应的关节轨迹。此外,由于末端执行器速度对逆运动规划有重要影响,该文在逆运动轨迹优化阶段采用了最似梯度法,不仅考虑了末端执行器的运动速度,而且通过极小关节自由速度和优化目标负梯度的距离,重新确定了关节自由速度,增强了算法的优化能力。实验结果表明:该算法能有效解决机械臂末端存在约束的问题。     

新型救援工程机械末端执行器轨迹控制研究

针对救援工程机械在复杂环境下的控制问题,利用工程机械机器人化思想,文章提出了3种不同的控制方法,满足了在救援过程中不同的动作要求,确保了动作的稳定、准确与可靠;同时根据新型救援工程机械机械臂手末端能动机械装置的冗余性,结合其大尺寸结构与变负载工况特点,运用D-H法建立结构杆件模型及各关节坐标系,并通过解析函数式的运动学逆解方法,得到特定末端执行器关节空间的轨迹所需的各驱动关节角度;利用Matlab中的SimMechanics工具箱建立运动学仿真模型并进行仿真,最后进行实验,实验结果表明利用该仿真方法可以准确、有效地实现半自主式的末端控制。     

关节角参数化结合接近矢量可行方向的五自由度机械臂逆运动学求解

五自由度的机械臂无法达到任意位姿，采用传统的位姿描述方式进行逆运动学求解时，极易产生无解的情况。文中以一种适用于清洁、喷涂、焊接等作业的、由4个旋转关节和1个移动关节构成的五自由度机械臂为例，建立运动学模型并进行逆运动学分析，在此基础上，提出一种关节角参数化结合接近矢量可行方向的逆运动学求解方法。该方法基于自由度约束的末端位姿描述，先通过关节角参数化将末端执行器的运动空间由三维降为二维，再采用几何法分析末端执行器在不同目标位置（远端、中间端、近端）时的接近矢量的可行方向，从而避免参数盲目取值，确保运动学逆解的存在，然后根据运动连续性和各关节的运动范围从中筛选出最优解。路径规划仿真结果表明，实际路径与规划路径非常吻合，关节运动平稳，证明了所提方法的可行性和准确性。文中研究的五自由度机械臂具有一定的代表性，逆运动学求解方法计算复杂度低，求解过程较为简便，求解思路可为欠自由度机械臂的逆运动学求解提供借鉴。     

一种2自由度高速并联机械手的轨迹规划方法

以一种平面2自由度高速并联机械手为研究对象,研究其高速搬运作业的操作空间和关节空间轨迹规划策略.通过关键路径点设置,定义针对点到点的典型搬运作业轨迹.针对操作空间,以运动学逆解模型为基础,利用3-4-5次多项式运动规律,建立关节空间运动特征(角度、速度和加速度)关于操作空间运动特征的函数映射.针对关节空间,以运动学正解模型为基础,利用5次非均匀B样条运动规律,建立操作空间运动特征关于关节空间运动特征的函数映射.给定相同的关键路径点和运动时间,以一组参数为例,对比分析在两种不同轨迹规划方法下末端参考点的运动特征,并进行对比试验.结果表明:基于5次非均匀B样条运动规律的关节空间轨迹规划在降低系统功耗和抑制机构残余振动方面具有显著优势.     

平面2自由度冗余并联机构的运动学分析

该文详细描述了机构运动学分析中的位置正解和位置逆解之间的关系,分析了解析法和代数法求解的优缺点。利用代数解析法原理分别求出一种平面2自由度冗余并联机构的运动学逆解和运动学正解,通过解的对比可知,逆解不唯一,共有8组,正解也不唯一,共有2组。利用位置方程求出速度雅克比矩阵的表达形式。利用MATLAB软件,对该机构的运动轨迹包括沿直线行走和沿圆弧行走的轨迹进行运动学仿真,求解出速度、加速度曲线。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that