钠快离子导体Na_(2.5)Zr_(2-x)Ti_xSi_(1.5)P_(1.5)O_(12.0)系统的研究

钠快离子导体Ｎａ_２．５Ｚｒ_２－ｘＴｉ_ｘＳｉ_１．５Ｐ_１．５Ｏ_１２．０系统ｘ＝０－２．０的化合物，由Ｎａ_３ＰＯ_４－ＺｒＯ_２－ＺｒＰ_２Ｏ_７－ＳｉＯ_２－ＴｉＯ_２为反应的起始原料，在９００℃－１２００℃的高温下反应数小时至二十小时制得。系统化合物的相变关系已探明，并测定了有关的单纯相在不同温度下的导电率以及电导激活能。相当于起始组成为Ｎａ_２．５Ｚｒ_１．０Ｔｉ_１．０Ｓｉ_１．５Ｐ_１．５Ｏ_１２．０的单纯相（标为２．５１相）在３００℃时的导电率σ３００＝１．８５×１０－２（Ω·ｃｍ）－１，其电导激活能为２３．６４ｋＪ／ｍｏｌｅ，相当于起始组成为Ｎａ_２．５Ｔｉ_２．０Ｓｉ_１．５Ｐ_１．５Ｏ_１２．０的单纯相（标为２．５２相）在３００℃时的导电率σ３００＝０．４６×１０－２（Ω·ｃｍ）－１，其电导激活能为２８．８９ｋＪ／ｍｏｌｅ．     

5种多孔菌发酵胞外多糖抗氧化性能研究

选取小孔硬孔菌、硬毛栓孔菌、二年残孔菌、银杏多孔菌和血红密孔菌为菌种,发酵制得了5种多孔菌胞外多糖(EPSⅠ～Ⅴ)并进行了分离纯化.通过抑制自由基氧化DNA及捕获自由基反应探究了5种EPS的抗氧化性能和还原能力,对比确定了不同多孔菌EPS抗氧化活性差异.结果表明:5种多孔菌EPS均能够抑制自由基氧化DNA并捕获自由基,但抗氧化性能强弱存在规则性差异.在6个测试体系中,5种EPS的抗氧化性能排序基本一致,为EPSⅣ EPSⅤ EPSⅡ EPSⅠ EPSⅢ,其中,在抑制HO·、GS·和AAPH氧化DNA反应体系中,银杏多孔菌EPS(EPSⅣ)浓度为40mg/L时,相对空白TBARS吸光度百分数分别可达44.9%、32.2%和64.4%;EPSⅣ对ABTS+·、DPPH·和galvinoxyl·三种自由基的清除率分别高达52.7%、63.2%和83.9%,表现出优异的抗氧化活性,多孔菌EPS的抗氧化性能与其构型高度相关.     

稠油硫酸盐热化学还原生成H2S实验研究

为了研究稠油注汽热采过程中生成H₂S机理，以Na₂SO₄，CaSO₄，MgSO₄，Fe₂（SO₄）₃，Al₂（SO₄）₃与稠油硫酸盐热化学还原（TSR）实验为基础，探究稠油TSR生成H₂S机理。实验表明，不同硫酸盐与稠油反应生成H₂S不尽相同，硫酸盐的阳离子所带电荷数决定TSR反应程度的难易，电荷数越多越容易进行反应，且H₂S生成量顺序为Al₂（SO₄）₃>Fe₂（SO₄）₃ > MgSO₄ > CaSO₄ > Na₂SO₄，但生成的烃量顺序为Fe₂（SO₄）₃ > Al₂（SO₄）₃ > MgSO₄ > CaSO₄ > Na₂SO₄。与其他硫酸盐不同的是，由于Fe₂（SO₄）₃的氧化性，Fe³⁺可能与生成的H₂S进一步反应。通过傅里叶红外变换光谱（FT-IR）对固相检测发现，不仅存在金属氧化物（CaO，MgO，Fe₂O₃，Al₂O₃）还存在FeS₂。最后，通过对MgSO₄油相硫含量的检测发现，反应后硫含量高于原油硫含量，证明了无机硫向有机硫的转化。     

异核有机金属配合物［dpeNi］［FcCOSCH_2CO_2］NO_3的合成及性质研究

［ｄｐｅＮｉ］［ＦｃＣＯＳＣＨ_２ＣＯ_２］ＮＯ_３是黄绿色晶体，溶于ＣＨ_２Ｃｌ_２，石油醚等有机溶剂。它可由α—二戊铁基硫代乙酸［ｄｐｅＮｉ］［ＦｃＣＯＳＣＨ_２ＣＯ_２Ｈ］和ｄｐｅＮｉＣｌ_２［Ｐｈ_２ＰＣＨ_２ＣＨ_２·ＰＰｈ_２］ＮｉＣｌ_２及ＴＩＮＯ_３经长时间搅拌生成，ＩＲ谱表明，配合物金属Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）分别和ｄｐｅ中磷，ＦｃＣＯＳＣＨ_２ＣＯ_２Ｈ中硫及羧基中氧结合形成四配位双五员环平面正方形结构。ＣＶ法研究表明Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）氧化态呈多样性变化。     

三组分一锅法无溶剂合成2,4-二芳基取代喹啉衍生物

报道了一种三组分一锅法无溶剂高效合成2,4-二芳基取代喹啉衍生物的方法.以易得的芳基胺、芳香醛以及芳基乙烯为反应起始物,芳基胺与芳香醛形成的亚胺中间体在Lewis酸FeCl₃催化作用下与芳基乙烯进行[4+2]环加成反应得到2,4-二芳基取代喹啉衍生物.该反应原子经济性高,是一种简洁有趣的反应模式,以82%～92%产率合成12个2,4-二芳基取代喹啉化合物,为绿色制备喹啉化合物和活性筛选提供基础.所得产物均经过¹H NMR、¹³C NMR和HRMS的表征确证.     

超支化聚三唑固态聚电解质及其锂离子和锌离子导电性

带刚性结构的超支化聚合物具有优良的溶解性，度低黏与力学性能优异，可用于制备固态电解质.含叠氮基的单体M1和含炔基的单体M2在亚铜离子Cu⁺的催化下发生叠氮-炔点击化学反应，得到超支化聚三唑hb-GPTA.该聚合物具有良好的溶解性、成膜性和热稳定性（热分解温度为350 ℃）.将该聚合物分别与三氟甲基磺酰亚胺锂 (LiTFSI)及三氟甲基磺酸锌 (Zn(OTf)₂)进行掺杂，制备固态电解质，对其电化学性能进行表征.结果表明，hb-GPTA/LiTFSI体系具有更高的电导率（32.7 μ S·cm^-1），电化学窗口为5.2 V；相比之下，hb-GPTA/Zn（OTf）₂体系电导率较低（0.42 μS·cm^-1），但其在-1~6 V电压范围内一直保持稳定.结合电化学稳定性分析结果，可以推断含三氮唑的聚合物在制作锌离子电池方面具有潜在的应用价值.     

季铵盐阳离子的Waugh型化合物的合成与表征

以(NH₄)₆［MnMo₉O₃₂］为前体原料,采用常规的水溶液法与四甲(乙)氯化铵反应制备了2种含有混合阳离子的Waugh型钼酸盐(NH₄)₄［N(CH₃)₄］₂［MnMo₉O₃₂］·9H₂O(化合物1)和(NH₄)₄［N(CH₂CH₃)₄］₂［MnMo₉O₃₂］·7H₂O(化合物2),用元素分析、红外光谱、热重分析对其进行了表征,并对化合物1进行了单晶结构测定,化合物1属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,a=2.379(11)nm,b=1.186(5)nm,c=1.600(7)nm,β=102.308(4)°,V=4.413(3)nm³,Z=4,Dc=2.460 g/cm³,R₁=0.041 8,wR₂=0.117 5(I>2σ),GOF=1.058.对化合物的形成规律探索发现:季铵盐与(NH₄)₆MnMo₉O₃₂的物质的量之比为3∶1,易形成单晶.对化合物1和2光催化降解亚甲基蓝模拟废水进行了探索,光催化90 min和180 min时脱色率分别达到95.96%和85.64%,表明化合物1和2对亚甲基蓝染料废水均具有良好的光催化活性.     

超支化聚三唑固态聚电解质及其锂离子和锌离子导电性

带刚性结构的超支化聚合物具有优良的溶解性，度低黏与力学性能优异，可用于制备固态电解质.含叠氮基的单体M1和含炔基的单体M2在亚铜离子Cu⁺的催化下发生叠氮-炔点击化学反应，得到超支化聚三唑hb-GPTA.该聚合物具有良好的溶解性、成膜性和热稳定性（热分解温度为350 ℃）.将该聚合物分别与三氟甲基磺酰亚胺锂 (LiTFSI)及三氟甲基磺酸锌 (Zn(OTf)₂)进行掺杂，制备固态电解质，对其电化学性能进行表征.结果表明，hb-GPTA/LiTFSI体系具有更高的电导率（32.7 μ S·cm^-1），电化学窗口为5.2 V；相比之下，hb-GPTA/Zn（OTf）₂体系电导率较低（0.42 μS·cm^-1），但其在-1~6 V电压范围内一直保持稳定.结合电化学稳定性分析结果，可以推断含三氮唑的聚合物在制作锌离子电池方面具有潜在的应用价值.     

B型Anderson结构Cr-Mo杂多化合物的合成、晶体结构及性质

在水溶液中合成了一个Ｂ型Anderson结构Cr-Mo杂多阴离子的二甲亚砜溶剂化合物,其分子式为： （NH₄）_３Ｈ_３（CrMo₆O₂₄H₆）₂（C₂H₆SO）₆. X射线单晶分析表明, 该化合物属三斜晶系, P1空间群, 主要晶胞参数为： a=1.428 9(3)　nm, b=1.429 5(3)　nm, c=1.626　3(3)　nm, α=63.93(3)°, β=90.00(3)°, γ=60.05(3)°, R=0.039 8. TG曲线表明, 化合物失重分三步进行, 化合物最后分解温度在494.41 ℃.     

3-[(4′-羧基)-2′-喹啉基]酚酮的合成及溴代和偶联反应

报道了 Ｐｆｉｔｚｉｎｇｅｒ 喹啉合成法在卓艹 酚酮领域中的首次应用． ３乙酰基卓艹酚酮（Ⅰ）在氢氧化钾存在下与靛红反应,得到了喹啉基取代的卓艹 酚酮化合物 ３［（４′羧基）２′喹啉基］卓艹 酚酮（Ⅱ）;化合物Ⅱ的溴化反应得到双溴代产物 ５,７二溴３［（４′羧基）２′喹啉基］卓艹 酚酮（Ⅲ）;化合物Ⅱ的偶氮偶联反应得到 ５ 位偶氮偶联产物５苯偶氮基３［（４′羧基）２′喹啉基］卓艹 酚酮（Ⅳ）．化合物Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ为尚未见文献报道的新化合物,它们的结构已经红外光谱、核磁共振谱及元素分析予以证实．     

4种植物多酚对生物大分子的保护作用

为了研究多酚类化合物对生物大分子氧化损伤的保护作用,采用MDA测定、SDSPAGE、琼脂糖电泳,检测了4种多酚对由自由基引起的脂质过氧化、蛋白质氧化降解、DNA断裂的保护作用.结果表明:槲皮素在抑制脂质过氧化中作用最突出,在保护蛋白质氧化降解中香草醛作用最强;芦丁在保护DNA的氧化性损伤中最有效.说明4种化合物在不同的抗氧化体系中有不同的活性.     

Efficient photo-assisted Fenton oxidation treatment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

In this paper,a new and efficient way to oxidize and functionalize the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) has been developed by using a combination of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and Fenton oxida-tion process,namely UV/Fenton oxidation treatment. Comparing with conventionally individual Fenton oxidation treatment of MWNTs,UV/Fenton combined treatment improved the etching rates and effi-ciencies and hence reduced the time for surface modification of MWNTs,which was proved to be an effective method in etching and functionalizing CNTs. The formation of new functional groups,struc-tural changes and thermal stability during oxidation period were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),Raman spectroscopy and could be clarified by thermogravimetric analy-sis (TGA),which showed that it was under UV irradiation conditions that MWNTs could be rapidly functionalized with hydroxyl,carbonyl and carboxyl groups in the presence of Fenton reagents,origi-nating from the increase in the gross HO· concentration and the existent synergetic effect when using UV irradiation combing with Fenton oxidation process. Introduction of such new oxygen-containing functional groups was attributed to attacks of HO· on defect sites and unsaturated bonds of C=C in the MWNTs sample,which should play an important role in accounting for the FTIR and Raman spectral changes.     

Experimental and kinetic study on ignition delay times of methane/hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen mixtures by shock tube

Ignition delay times of methane/hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen mixtures with hydrogen amount-of-substance fractions ranging from 0–20% were measured in a shock tube facility.The ambient temperature varied from 1422 to 1877 K and the pressure was maintained at 0.4 MPa behind the reflected shock wave.The experiments were conducted at an equivalence ratio of 2.0.The fuel mixtures were diluted with nitrogen gas so that the nitrogen amount-of-substance fraction was 95%.The experimental ignition delay time of the CH4/H2 mixture decreased as the hydrogen amount-of-substance fraction increased.The enhancement of ignition by hydrogen addition was weak when the ambient temperature was >1750 K,and strong when the temperature was <1725 K.The ignition delay time of 20% H2/80% CH4 was only one-third that of 100% CH4 at 1500 K.A modified model based on GRI-Mech 3.0 was proposed and used to calculate the ignition delay times of test mixtures.The calculated results agreed with the experimental ignition delay times.Normalized sensitivity analysis showed that HO·+H2 →H·+H2O was the main reaction for the formation of the H· at 1400 K.As the hydrogen amount-of-substance fraction increased,chain branching was enhanced through the reaction H·+O2→O·+HO·,and this reduced the ignition delay time.At 1800 K,the methyl radical (H3C·) became the key species that influenced the ignition of the CH4/H2/O2/N2 mixtures,and sensitivity coefficients of the chain termination reaction 2H3C·(+M)→C2H6(+M),and chain propagation reaction HO2+H3C·→HO·+CH3O decreased,which reduced the influence of hydrogen addition on the ignition of the CH4/H2 mixtures.     

H2O2/Fe2+体系中羟基氧化行为的抑制与促进

 利用邻二氮菲-Fe²⁺氧化分光光度法研究了葛根黄酮、诃子粗提物、芦丁、黄芩甙等 4种天然黄酮类抗氧剂样品对羟自由基氧化作用的影响,发现了抗氧剂发挥抗氧化作用所需要的特定条件.在羟基自由基浓度较高的体系,抗氧剂表现出抗氧化作用;而在羟基自由基浓度较低的体系,抗氧剂反而表现出促氧化性.抗氧剂的促或抗氧化作用均与其本身质量浓度呈量效关系.温度对抗氧剂的行为也有很大影响.     

The study of antioxidant activities of fucoidan from Laminaria japonica

Two large molecular weight fucoidan fractions F-A and F-B were obtained by water extraction and anion-exchange chromatography and then L-A and L-B with low molecular weight and uronic acid content were prepared by radical process degradation of F-A and F-B. The antioxidant activities of the fucoidan fractions on two oxygen free radicals and Cu2 -induced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation were studied. The results show that all the fucoidan fractions had excellent scavenging capacities on superoxide radical and hypochlorous acid, except the highly sulfated fraction L-B. In LDL oxidation system, low molecular weight fractions L-A and L-B exhibited great inhibitory effects on LDL oxidation induced by Cu2 , however F-A and F-B had little inhibitory effects in this system due to their large molecular weights. The present results suggest that fucoidan from Laminaria japonica is an excellent natural antioxidant and has great potential for preventing the free radical-mediated diseases.     

两种新型二茂铁氮氧自由基化合物的合成和晶体结构

设计并合成两种二茂铁氮氧自由基化合物（4．二茂铁丙酰胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基和4-二茂铁丙烯酰胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基）,并利用单晶X射线衍射研究了其晶体结构特征。结果发现尽管两者的整体构型有明显区别,但各化合物的二茂铁基团以及2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基基团的结构却相差不大。     

橙皮、柚皮、桔皮抗氧化活性物质的提取与保存条件优化

实验提取了橙皮、柚皮和桔皮中的活性物质,以DPPH自由基清除能力和羟基自由基抑制能力为考察指标,分析比较了三者的抗氧化能力,并通过正交试验优化了其提取工艺和保存温度.结果表明,3种果皮中桔皮在pH值为3的70%乙醇的溶液中,以料液比为1∶20的条件下提取,提取物保存于25℃,清除DPPH自由基和抑制羟基自由基的效果最佳.     

全缘叶蓝刺头根部化学成分提取及抗氧化活性研究

用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20葡聚糖凝胶柱色谱、重结晶、高效液相色谱等分离手段分离全缘叶蓝刺头(Echinops integrifolius Kar.et Kir.)根的化学成分,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其化学结构,采用DPPH自由基清除法测定化合物抗氧化活性.从全缘叶蓝刺头的根中分离15个化合物,鉴定了胡萝卜苷(1)、原儿茶酸(2)、原儿茶醛(3)、咖啡酸(4)、东莨菪苷(5)、breynioside A(6)、龙胆酸(7)、5,7,4'-三羟基-3,6-二甲氧基黄酮(8)、矢车菊黄素(9)等9个化合物.对其中部分化合物的DPPH自由基清除实验结果表明,化合物2、3、4、7表现出优于阳性对照Vc的自由基清除作用,IC_(50)值为2.177、0.844、0.800、1.434 mg/L,阳性对照Vc的IC_(50)值为3.629 mg/L.化合物3～7均为首次从该属中分离,化合物2、3、4、7具有良好的抗氧化活性.     

Carcinogenesis of asbestos switched on by inducing cross-linkage between DNA complementary pair bases

Since the beginning of the 1980s, Dai Qianhuan predicted based upon his di-region theory that the carcinogenesis switched on by the so-called physical carcinogenic factors including radiation, asbestos and foreign matter implantation, is just initiated through the cross-linking between DNA complementary pair bases induced by them. In this note, it was evidenced with the DNA filter elution method that the oxygenase activated by asbestos induces the cross-linking between DNA inter-strands and DNA-protein with dosage correlation, in which over 80% of DNA inter-strand cross-link ratio account for the total cross-link ratio. Obviously, both of the cross-linkages are just induced by hydroxyl free radical, HO ·, because the ferrous ion increased the cross-link ratios up to several times through Fenton reaction and vitamin C inhibited the cross-link ratios with factors of 8–9 by destroying the hydroxyl radical. Non-carcinogen but with lower free radical formation energy, pyrene, by culturing with asbestos gave 3–4 times cross-link ratios than the original ratios induced by asbestos only. Estradiol, an endogenous carcinogen, as a bio-electrophilic species but with higher free radical formation energy by culturing with asbestos, gave only 1.2 time cross-link ratios than expected ones. Ferrous ion which can increase HO · concentration through Fenton reaction, increased the ratios to 2–2.5 times in the former case but only 1.2 time in the latter case. Vitamin C, a free radical scavenger, gave a powerful inhibition to the cross-linking with a factor of 8–11 in the former case but a weak inhibition with a factor of 1.2 only in the latter case. So, it is evidenced further that the cross-linkages induced by asbestos are originated from hydroxyl radical. Reasonable structures of the cross-linking products induced by asbestos or hydroxyl radical have been depicted based upon AMI MO theory. These structures have been verified further by a reasonable explanation of the mutational spectrum induced by hydroxyl radical.     

微波催化剂MgFe_2O_4-Fe_2O_3微波催化氧化降解结晶紫废水

提出一种新型的、无需添加氧化剂处理结晶紫废水的方法.通过共沉淀晶化法制备微波催化剂MgFe_2O_4-Fe_2O_3,在微波辐照下降解结晶紫废水,考察了催化剂用量、微波功率、辐照时间对结晶紫去除率的影响.结果表明:在一定条件下,去除率随着催化剂用量的增加、微波功率的增大、微波辐照时间的延长而增加.当微波功率为800 W,辐照时间5min,催化剂用量1g/L时,处理200mg/L的结晶紫废水,去除率可达99.3%.本文还对微波催化氧化机理进行了探究,通过添加不同氧化基团清除剂的实验发现,氧化基团清除剂的添加降低了结晶紫的去除率,并提出了该反应的微观机理:微波催化剂吸收电磁波发生光电效应,产生电子和空穴对,与水等作用产生·OH,·OH再氧化降解废水中的有机物.