“场”环境下POC异质性知识整合创新机理

项目导向型企业作为一种利于产生"创造性张力"的知识异质性团体,面临的关键问题是如何有效整合组织内不同主体(个体、项目和企业)所拥有的不同类型异质性知识以实现创新。本文以项目导向型企业为载体,以异质性知识"场"作为平台,研究了个人异质性知识对项目及企业知识创新的作用路径,提出项目间异质性知识转化博弈模型,给出项目导向型企业异质性知识整合创新的新思路,以期真正实现项目知识整合创新转化为企业知识能力提升。     

考虑公平偏好的项目型知识员工调度

在考虑员工公平偏好的情境下,对项目型知识员工调度问题进行了研究。依据公平偏好理论的思想,以项目延迟成本最小化和全体知识员工公平效用值最大化为目标,构建了考虑公平偏好的知识员工调度的多目标优化模型,并运用遗传算法对建立的模型进行求解从而得到调度结果。最后,实例分析表明了模型的可行性和算法的有效性。     

面向复杂产品系统创新的知识管理系统模型研究

复杂产品系统创新具有多主体知识联盟共同开发和制造,设计高密集性、产品复杂性、生产不确定性的特点.知识管理系统有利于复杂产品系统创新中知识的共享、利用和扩散.在知识管理系统模型研究成果的基础上,构建了基于过程导向的知识链与创新流相结合,以实现知识战略为目标,技术、文化、组织体系为支撑的知识管理系统.明确知识管理战略、把知识管理融入创新流程、创建知识共享文化和激励机制、运行并不断改进系统等策略有利于KMS的实施.     

国内项目知识管理研究进展

本文通过对国内项目知识管理相关研究文献的筛选、整理与分类，回顾了国内学者对项目知识的含义的探讨；从多个视角归纳分析了国内学者对项目知识管理的不同内容和应用领域的研究现状；并指出对项目知识管理信息化的研究还有很大的发展空间。     

基于对比分析的项目管理成熟度模型应用研究

项目管理成熟度模型作为评估和改进组织项目管理能力的重要手段，已得到国外众多项目型组织的认可和应用。本文从等级划分思想、模型构架等方面对比分析了国外目前主要的几种项目管理成熟度模型及其应用情况，旨在为我国项目型组织应用成熟度模型提升自身项目管理能力提供选择的参考。同时，结合我国实际情况，提出了我国企业应用项目管理成熟度模型的基本流程，并对应用过程中应注意的问题进行了分析，并作出结论和展望。     

Ontology及其在知识管理中的应用

论述了Ontology的定义、分类、构造、对知识管理的作用,着重阐述了知识管理构建Ontology的一般流程和方法以及利用Ontology实现知识管理的知识组织。     

裂隙介质两相渗流数值模拟研究

以离散裂隙概念为基础建立了离散裂隙型模型,该模型通过对裂隙的降维处理提高了计算效率并适用于所有类型裂隙介质的渗流研究。详细阐述了离散裂隙型模型的基本原理及其两相渗流数学模型,基于Galerkin加权残量法建立了该模型的有限元数值计算格式。通过单裂隙中的Buckley–Leverett两相渗流算例验证了数值算法的正确性。以裂缝性油藏注水开发为例,应用离散裂隙型模型分别对2种不同类型的裂隙介质进行了实例研究。数值计算结果表明：裂隙的存在导致了岩体的强烈非均质性和各向异性,其中裂隙的方位、大小、连通性及其类别对裂隙介质两相渗流均有着重要的影响;正确认识裂隙的分布及其类别对于裂缝性油藏的开发动态研究及其注采井网的布置有着重要的实际意义 。     

基于结构方程模型的产品开发团队中个体认知差异影响因子探索

根据结构方程模型的原理与方法,构建了因队知识集成个体认知差异影响因子的模型,并从中找出在个体认知方面影响团队知识集成的主要因素。在该方法基础上,以某高校基于研究生设计开发团队和某企业研发小组进行产品开发为实例,详细地展示了团队产品开发过程中个体认知差异影响因子的结构方程模型的秘建、参数的估计以及模型的评价过程。     

基于角色-任务-产品的企业知识访问控制模型

传统的计算机访问控制模型很难适应动态、异构的网络环境下企业知识访问控制。根据企业知识特征,提出一种基于角色-任务-产品的企业知识访问控制模型,并构建角色、任务和产品的本体作为模型逻辑推理基础,然后以汽车虚拟企业为例演示该模型的工作机制和过程,显示该模型能有效适应动态、异构的网络环境。     

NP问题的常数轮知识的零知识证明系统

文中研究在标准复杂性假设下NP问题的常数轮知识的零知识证明系统的存在性问题.利用一种特殊的交互证明模式,在因子分解的困难性假设下,给出了NP问题的一个3轮的知识的零知识证明系统.文中给出的证明系统不仅肯定了NP问题的常数轮知识的零知识证明系统的存在性,同时也是对(NP问题的)3轮零知识证明系统的存在性这一公开问题的一个肯定性答复.     

Project knowledge and its resituation in the design of research projects: Seymour Benzer's behavioral genetics, 1965-1974

The article introduces a framework for analyzing the knowledge that researchers draw upon when designing a research project by distinguishing four types of “project knowledge”: goal knowledge, which concerns possible outcomes, and three forms of implementation knowledge that concern the realization of the project: 1) methodological knowledge that specifies possible experimental and non-experimental strategies to achieve the chosen goal; 2) representational knowledge that suggests ways to represent data, hypotheses, or outcomes; and 3) organizational knowledge that helps to build or navigate the material and social structures that enable a project. In the design of research projects such knowledge will be transferred from other successful projects and these processes will be analyzed in terms of modes of resituating knowledge. The account is developed by analyzing a case from the history of biology. In a reciprocal manner, it enables a better understanding of the historical episode in question: around 1970, several researchers who had made successful careers in the emerging field of molecular biology, working with bacterial model systems, attempted to create a molecular biology of the physiological processes in multicellular organisms. One of them was Seymour Benzer, who designed a research project addressing the physiological processes underlying behavior in Drosophila.     

Experiential and cosmopolitan knowledge: The transcontinental field practices of the U.S. Bureau of Biological Survey

Before many of the global environmental knowledge producing networks and technologies emerged later in the twentieth century, another spatially extended form of field science was implemented at a continental scale by the U.S. Bureau of Biological Survey, revealing similar tensions and dynamics. Specimens and observations from across continental spaces were integrated through railroad-based transportation and communications networks in order to map distributions of birds and mammals and delineate “life zones” stretching across the continent. At the same time that field zoologists of the Biological Survey produced this cosmopolitan scientific knowledge, they also developed an intimate, experiential knowledge of many of the places where they traveled. By following the travels of Biological Survey field parties, especially the agency's long-time chief field naturalist Vernon Bailey, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries when the railroad was dominant, this paper traces the interconnections between the two ways of knowing in the Biological Survey's practice. However, the integration of these different forms of knowledge was ultimately partial and incomplete, as seen through the Survey's daily practices such as food consumption, the seasonality of survey field practice, and limitations on what types of knowledge were incorporated from lay network collaborators and field assistants.     

Using the life cycle to anticipate satisfaction at work

It was hypothesized that there are important non-linear life-cycle influences upon job and organizational satisfaction. Five common life-cycle stages were identified from the literature: the phases of ‘reality shock’, ‘socialization and growth’, ‘mid-career crisis’, ‘acceptance’, and ‘pre-retirement’. The first, third and last stages were expected to show declines in job and organizational satisfaction because of the personal and job-related disappointments and crises that typically occur during these periods of life. The second and fourth stages were expected to show increases in satisfaction because of the pleasant life experiences that often occur then. All but the first stage supported these hypotheses when we controlled for the influence of sex, education, job experience, level in the hierarchy and occupational upward mobility.     

Knowledge transfer across scientific disciplines

Thomas Kuhn suggested that symbolic generalizations are applied to concrete systems by a process involving exemplars and analogical reasoning. Using the related concepts of theoretical and formal templates, I argue that the process of applying templates can in some cases be made explicit and that we do not need to rely on similarity relations and tacit knowledge. In so doing I show how some formal models can be transferred from one scientific field to another. Examples include scale-free networks, the Lotka-Volterra model from biology, and the Goodwin model in economics. I also argue that this explicit approach has advantages over the more psychologically oriented approach of Kuhn and explain the sense in which templates do and do not produce unification.     

Ernst Cassirer's transcendental account of mathematical reasoning

Cassirer's philosophical agenda revolved around what appears to be a paradoxical goal, that is, to reconcile the Kantian explanation of the possibility of knowledge with the conceptual changes of nineteenth and early twentieth-century science. This paper offers a new discussion of one way in which this paradox manifests itself in Cassirer's philosophy of mathematics. Cassirer articulated a unitary perspective on mathematics as an investigation of structures independently of the nature of individual objects making up those structures. However, this posed the problem of how to account for the applicability of abstract mathematical concepts to empirical reality. My suggestion is that Cassirer was able to address this problem by giving a transcendental account of mathematical reasoning, according to which the very formation of mathematical concepts provides an explanation of the extensibility of mathematical knowledge. In order to spell out what this argument entails, the first part of the paper considers how Cassirer positioned himself within the Marburg neo-Kantian debate over intellectual and sensible conditions of knowledge in 1902–1910. The second part compares what Cassirer says about mathematics in 1910 with some relevant examples of how structural procedures developed in nineteenth-century mathematics.     

工作家庭冲突对生活满意感的影响：个人应对策略的调节作用

近年来,工作家庭冲突是组织行为学领域的研究重点。已有研究表明,这类因员工无法同时兼顾工作角色和家庭角色要。求而产生的角色间的冲突和压力,会对员工的生活满意感造成负面影响。本研究认为适宜的个人应对策略能够调节这两者之间的关系,通过对某国有企业193名被试的问卷调查,得出以下结论：1）工作－家庭冲突和家庭－工作冲突对生活满意感都有显著的负面影响;2）员工家庭优先策略能够缓解工作－家庭冲突对生活满意感的负面影响,员工工作完美策略能够缓解家庭,工作冲突所带来的压力感。