考虑参数空间变异性的边坡模糊随机可靠度分析

提出考虑土性参数空间变异性的边坡模糊随机可靠度分析方法.按HassanWolff方法对土性参数进行组合,通过确定性分析得到一系列潜在滑面;利用随机场模型描述土性参数的空间变异性,沿各潜在滑面对土性参数进行方差折减;采用降半正态分布函数描述边坡失效状态的模糊性,基于概率积分计算各潜在滑面对应的的可靠度;搜索最小可靠度对应的潜在滑面作为边坡的临界滑面,以最小可靠度作为边坡的可靠度.结合算例分析了隶属函数的形状参数、土性参数相关距离及黏聚力和内摩擦角的变异性对边坡可靠度的影响.     

基于参数模糊性分析的边坡稳定性研究

岩土工程参数中的各种信息都存在模糊性。通过对岩土样本力学参数试验值的研究，提出样本统计特征分析时应该充分考虑模糊不确定性因素对参数特征值的影响。在确定的参数隶属函数基础上，推导了岩土样本国学参数模糊统计特征值的计算公式。应用实例表明，由于文中提出的计算方法考虑了参数模糊性的影响，其计算结果比按常规统计方法得到的结果更具合理性。采用模糊均值和方差对边坡进行分析后的结果表明，边坡稳定性模糊分析方法是一种更为可靠的分析方法。     

浅谈在深基坑稳定性分析中采用模糊随机概率法

基坑稳定性分析中的不确定性主要表现为随机性和模糊性,随机性体现为将各种设计参数作为随机变量．而模糊性主要体现在其失稳的判断标准上,这与深基坑失稳破坏的模糊特征相吻合。重点阐述了深基坑稳定性分析中的模糊性．并采用模糊随机方法,推导出基坑稳定性的广义模糊随机计算模型．该模型可以考虑分析中所涉及到的计算力学参数的随机性和失稳判断标准的模糊性。同时还对基坑失稳概率的标准进行了讨论。最后实例分析了坑底隆起失稳的模糊概率。计算结果说明,模糊随机方法能够更全面、合理地反映基坑的实际稳定性。     

基于模糊随机变量的机械零件广义可靠性设计

机械零件的强度和所受外载具有模糊、随机不确定性 .对于可靠性设计一般只考虑模糊性、随机性或者两者共时存在的情形 ,没有考虑模糊性、随机性相互融合的情形 .本文根据模糊随机规划理论、机械零件可靠性设计原理 ,提出了机械零件模糊随机广义可靠性的概念 ,把机械零件的可靠度和失效概率表示成条件概率 ,建立了模糊随机可靠性设计的一般模型 ,传统的随机变量可靠性设计以及模糊可靠性设计模型都是该模型的特例 .模糊随机可靠度计算模型可以在考虑设计人员的经验的情况下降低零件的失效概率 ,该模型不需要强度或应力的隶属函数转化为安全事件的隶属函数 .给出设计计算的公式 ,并对计算结果进行了对比分析与讨论     

基于模糊随机变量的机械零件广义可靠性设计

机械零件的强度和所受外载具有模糊、随机为确定性，对于可靠性设计一般只考虑模糊性、随机性或者两者共时存在的情形，没有考虑模糊性、随机性相互融合的情形。本文根据模糊随机规划理论、机械零件可靠性设计原理，提出了机械零件模糊随机广义可靠性的概念，把机械零件的可靠度和失效概率表示成条件概率，建立了模糊随机可靠性设计的一般模型，传统的随机变量可靠性设计以及模糊可靠性设计模糊可靠性设计模型都是该模型的特例，模糊随机可靠度计算模型可以在考虑设计人员的经验的情况下降低零件的失效概率，该模型不需要强度或应力的隶属函数转化为安全事件的隶属函数，给出设计计算的公式，并对计算结果进行了对比分析与讨论。     

基于模糊概率理论的地层流体精确识别方法

充分考虑火山岩地层流体的交互性及模糊性特征,从模糊概率理论出发,应用测井解释基本原理,对选取的火山岩样本层位测井数据进行综合统计;借助离差平方和的概念,构建地层流体的模糊概率识别功能函数;应用模糊数学及统计理论方法,确定模糊概率的概率密度函数和隶属函数;在此基础上建立基于模糊概率理论的松辽盆地火山岩地层流体识别数学模型.实例计算的识别准确率在80%以上,表明该方法切实可行,具有推广应用的价值.     

重力式挡土墙结构模糊随机可靠性分析

考虑可靠性分析模型中随机参数的模糊性,利用一次二阶矩法建立模糊随机可靠性分析模型。利用分解定理,取一系列λ截集,将模糊数转换为一系列区间数进行运算,得到一种模糊随机可靠度的计算方法即λ截集法。分别建立倾覆失稳和滑移失稳2种失稳模式下的结构功能函数,确定2种失稳模式下模糊随机变量,利用模糊随机可靠度的计算方法分别对2种失稳模式进行计算,得到2个相应的模糊随机可靠度指标及失稳概率。将该计算方法与相关文献提供的计算方法进行对比。研究结果表明:由λ截集法与其他算法所得计算结果差异明显,其原因是其他算法把挡土墙的结构功能函数Z假设成正态分布,从而得出的概率密度函数f(Z)有误差;采用λ截集法计算的模糊随机可靠度更符合实际情况。     

边坡工程的模糊破坏可靠度分析

本文论述了边坡“破坏”这一概念本身所具有的模糊性,提出将边坡破坏按模糊准则划分为苦干等级,并给出了各破坏等级的隶属函数。结合边坡工程中存在的随机性,定义了边坡工程对于各破坏等级的可靠度,得出了相应的计算公式,为边坡稳定性评价提供了一条新的途径。文末对一个实际边坡进行了可靠度计算和稳定性评价。     

β分布在岩土工程模糊可靠性分析中的应用

基于概率论,给出了一种模糊可靠性指标的计算模型.选用分布区域有限的β分布作为随机变量的概率分布类型,由功能函数中随机变量的相关数据确定模糊事件的"模糊临界区间".将β分布函数引入到模糊失效事件的隶属函数中,使隶属函数具有在整个定义域上光滑、曲线中心对称的特点.针对岩土工程问题中功能函数较简单的情况,推导出计算模糊事件失效概率的具体表达式.通过实例得出了竖向承载桩承载力的模糊失效概率与相应的可靠性指标.计算实例表明,本方法在进行可靠性分析中具有精度高、计算简便等优点.     

对PNET中代表失效模式识别方法的改进

采用概率网络估算技术(probabilistic network evaluation technique,PNET)计算结构系统可靠度时,需要对代表模式进行识别,通常的做法是选择适当的相关系数界限值,然后对各失效模式与代表模式的关系进行判断,但是这种"一刀切"的方式忽略了事物固有的模糊属性。文章通过引入代表模式识别过程中的模糊性,采用λ-截集法对识别方法进行改进。通过算例验证得知,采用文中改进方法计算得到的结构可靠度更加精确,更加符合工程实际情况。采用不同的隶属函数形式和置信度值会影响计算得到的结果,因此应根据实际情况选择适当的隶属函数形式和置信度值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that