溶胶-凝胶法制备0.94(K_(0.5)Na_(0.5))NbO_3-0.06LiNbO_3陶瓷粉体

以五氧化二铌和钾、钠及锂的碳酸盐为原料，以柠檬酸为螯合剂、乙二醇甲醚为添加剂，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了0．94（K0．5Na0.5）NbO3-0．06LiNbO3无铅压电陶瓷粉体．研究了各种工艺条件对前驱体溶液和凝胶形成的影响，利用TG—DTA、XRD及SEM等技术研究了凝胶焙烧温度、焙烧粉体的粒度及晶形状况．研究结果表明：柠檬酸与金属离子的物质的量比[n（CA）／n（Mn^＋）]及pH值是影响前驱体溶液和凝胶形成的主要因素．用溶胶-凝胶法合成KNLN6粉体，具有合成温度低，合成的粉体晶粒细小，分散均匀等优点．     

Pechini法合成SrAl4O7研究

利用Pechini法合成了SrAl4O7,研究了溶液pH和柠檬酸与金属离子摩尔比n（CA）／n（M）对SrAl4O7结晶过程的影响,确定了SrAl4O7随时间和温度的稳定范围．结果表明,增加溶液pH和n（CA）／n（M）有利于形成SrAl4O7．当n（CA）／n（M）=2时,在900℃,加热2h,从pH=7的前驱体形成单相的SrAl4O7;若不调节pH,即使在1100℃,加热2h也不能形成单相的SrAl4O7．当n（CA）／n（M）增加到4时,对不调节pH的前驱体,在1100℃,加热2h形成单相的SrAl4O7;调节溶液pH=7,单相的SrAl4O7的形成温度降低到900℃,2h．SrAl4O7至少能在1400℃稳定2h,在1500℃开始分解．     

浓Fe(OH)3凝胶水热合成α-Fe2O3纳米粒子

研究了以Fe(NO3)3为原料加NH3.H2O中和得到的Fe(OH)3浓凝胶作前驱物,水热合成α-Fe2O3纳米粒子时,前驱物pH值对产物形貌的控制作用.当pH值为3、5时,粒子形貌为近球形多孔结构;当pH值为7时,为菱形粒子;当pH值为9时,粒子形貌由菱形向球形转变.在上述条件下得到的产物为粒径小且分布均匀的单晶粒子.此外,还分析了前驱物pH值对产物形貌及大小的控制作用原理.     

电解法制备纳米NiAl2O4粉体

讨论了温度、(Bu4N)Br浓度对电合成镍、铝醇盐配合物的影响,以金属阳极溶解法在乙醇和乙酰丙酮混合溶液中(按Ni与Al电量比为1∶3)依次电解铝片、镍片,制得复合氧化物纳米粉体NiO-Al2O3的前驱体NiAl2(OCH2CH3)(8-y)(acac)y[acac为乙酰丙酮基].将含有前驱体的电解液控制pH=8.5直接水解形成凝胶,凝胶经洗涤,干燥后在350°C煅烧2h,制得纳米NiAl2O4粉体.采用红外、差热-热重分析、X-射线衍射、电子透射技术等手段对前驱体和纳米NiAl2O4进行了表征.实验表明温度控制在54～60°C,导电盐Bu4NBr浓度为0.040～0.045mol/L较为适合;电解法可以在350°C下制备得到纳米NiAl2O4粉体,平均粒径在20～30nm.     

液相混合法合成CaAl_4O_7研究

利用液相混合法合成CaAl4O7,研究溶液的pH值和柠檬酸与金属离子的摩尔比对CaAl4O7的形成温度的影响.结果表明,增加柠檬酸与金属离子的摩尔比有助于CaAl4O7的形成.当柠檬酸与金属离子的摩尔比为2时,不调节溶液的pH值,可在1 000℃,2 h得到单相的CaAl4O7,调节溶液的pH值至7,杂质相CaAl2O4形成,即使到1 100℃,该杂质相仍不消失.增加柠檬酸与金属离子的摩尔比至4,不调节溶液的pH值时可在850℃,2 h得到单相的CaAl4O7,若对于pH=7的前驱体,CaAl4O7的形成温度降低到800℃.该温度比固相反应法合成CaAl4O7的温度下降了760℃.     

溶胶-凝胶法制Y_2Ti_2O_7的前驱体溶液pH范围的计算

柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法是制备高质量的Y_2Ti_2O_7纳米材料等最常用的方法之一。利用热力学平衡常数,通过溶解度等温线的理论计算,表明形成稳定的Y~(3+)-Ti~(4+)-柠檬酸盐络合物的前驱体溶液的pH值范围在6.4~7.0之间。该计算结果的有效性,得到了实验的验证。该方法也可以用于其他多元络合体系前驱体溶液的合适p H值范围的计算。     

烧结温度对Zn_(0.98)Cu_(0.01)Co_(0.01)O稀磁半导体性质的影响

本文以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O,Co(NO3)2·6H2O,Cu(NO3)2·3H2O为原料,与适量的柠檬酸配制成溶液,采用溶胶—凝胶法(sol-gel)合成前驱体,将前驱体在氩气气氛中选择不同温度进行烧结得到Zn0.98Cu0.01Co0.01O稀磁半导体样品,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、光致发光谱仪(PL)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)对所制备样品的结构、光学性能及磁性进行研究.实验结果表明:制备的样品为单一的纤锌矿结构,烧结温度改善了样品的光学性质及磁性.     

Ba6-3xNd8+2xTi18O54(x=2/3)的聚合物前驱体法合成研究

以EDTA为络合剂，EG为酯化剂，利用聚合物前驱体法合成了Ba6-3xNd8 2xTi18O54陶瓷，研究了不同的EDTA与金属离子摩尔比对粉末结晶特性的影响，利用DTA，TG和XRD等技术分析了Ba6-3xNd8 2xTi18O54前驱体和得到的氧化物粉末，测试了由x(EDTA)/x(M)=1．00的前驱体得到的Ba6-3xNd8 2xTi18O54(x=2／3)陶瓷的微波介电性能。在900℃预烧x(EDTA)/x(M)=1．00的前驱体3h，单相的Ba6-3xNd8 2xTi^18O54(x=2／3)直接形成，没有出现中间相。1000℃预烧，1340℃烧结的Ba6-3xNd8 2xTi18O54(x=2／3)陶瓷具有最佳的微波介电性能：ε=87．1，Qf=8710GHz。     

共沉淀法制备负膨胀系数材料ZrW2O8

以H2WO4和ZrOCl2·8H2O为原料,先采用共沉淀法制备出前驱物,再加热合成出了ZrW2O8粉末. 用X射线衍射(XRD)对合成粉末进行物相分析,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析粉末形貌,用差热-热重分析确定合成温度. 结果表明:溶液pH值控制在2～3范围内,溶液中Zr4 和WO2-4能同时发生沉淀;所得前驱物在1 200 ℃反应1 h,所得产物相主要为ZrW2O8,其粒度在100 nm左右,且分布均匀.     

共沉淀法合成Ni_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)(OH)_2的热力学分析

对Me2+(Me=Ni,Co,Mn)-NH3-OH--H2O共沉淀反应体系进行了热力学分析,采用共沉淀法合成了LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料前驱体Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2,研究了pH值和氨水浓度[N]对前驱体振实密度的影响.热力学分析表明:以氢氧化钠为沉淀剂、氨水为络合剂,采用共沉淀法合成前驱体的最佳pH值为11,最佳[N]为0.1～0.5mol/L;在此条件下,金属阳离子Ni2+、Co2+和Mn2+的损失最小,分别小于1×10-3、1×10-3和1×10-6mol/L.在pH=11、[N]=0.24mol/L条件下,所合成的前驱体中Ni、Co、Mn的摩尔比为0.324∶0.349∶0.327,与理论设计值1∶1∶1非常接近,其振实密度高达1.32g/cm3.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with