围长为2的本原有向图的最小顶点指数集

研究一类本原有向图的最小项点指数集,证明了ｎ（≥３）阶围长为２的本原有向图的最小项点指数集Ｅｎ是：若ｎ是奇数,则Ｅｎ＝｛２,３,…,２ｎ－３｝;若ｎ是偶数,则Ｅｎ＝｛２,３,…,２ｎ－４｝。     

迹为零的本原（0，1）－矩阵的指数集

设Ｅｎ是ｎ阶本原（０，１）－矩阵的本原指数集，ＺＴＥｎ表示迹为零的ｎ阶本原（０，１）－矩阵的指数集。当ｎ≥４时，ＺＴＥｎ＝Ｅｎ＼｛１｝；ＺＴＥ１＝ＺＴＥ２＝φ；ＺＴＥ３＝｛２，４，５｝。     

n阶树的指数分布

设Ｔｎ表示全体ｎ阶树所构成的集合，记Ｔ（ｎ，ｄ）＝（Ｔ∈Ｔｎ│Ｔ中恰有ｄ（≥１个环），本文证明了Ｔ（ｎ，ｄ）的本质指数集合为Ｓｎｄ，为：Ｓｎｌ＝（２，４，．．．２ｎ－２）；Ｓｎ，ｄ＝（２，３，．．．，ｎ－１）∪（ｎ，ｎ＋１，．．．，２ｎ－２ｄ）∩（２ｉ│ｉ＝１，２，．．．ｎ－ｄ）（ｄ≥２）。并证明了Ｔ（ｎ，ｄ）的幂敛指数集Ｓｎ＝（２，３，．．．ｎ－１），进一步刻划了Ｔ（ｎ，ｄ）中本原指数达到２ｎ－     

领域并与点泛圈偶图

设Ｇ是连通偶图，（Ｘ１，Ｘ２）是其顶点的二分类，│Ｘ１│＝│Ｘ２│＝ｎ，δ（Ｇ）≥ｔ≥３。证明了若任意ｕ，ｖ∈Ｘｉ→│Ｎ（ｕ）∪Ｎ（ｖ）│≥ｎ－〔ｔ－１／２〕，ｉ＝１，２，则Ｇ是点泛圈图。     

图的第二个最小特征值的界

设Ｇ是ｎ个顶点的简单图，λｎ－１（Ｇ）为Ｇ的第二个最小特征值。Ｇ的非孤立点形成的图记为Ｇ１，Ｖ（Ｇ１）＝ｓ，（３≤ｓ≤ｎ）。本文主要证明了：ａ．若Ｇ１不是完全偶图，则λｎ－１（Ｇ）≤λｓ－１（Ｋ２，ｓ－２＾－ｅ），等式成立＝Ｇ１≌Ｋ２，ｓ－２＾－＾ｅ。其中图Ｋ２，ｓ－２＾－＾ｅ为完全偶图Ｋ２，ｓ－２去掉一边ｅ而得到的图ｂ．若Ｇ１既不是完全偶图，又不是Ｋ２，ｓ－２＾－ｅ，则λｎ－１（Ｇ）＜－√２／２     

迹为1 的n 扩张T C 结构矩阵*

本文证明了：如果Ａ是ｎ阶迹为１的ＴＣ结构矩阵，那么Ａ是ｎ－扩张的当且仅当Ａ满足（１）Ｄ＝Ｄ（Ｊｎ－Ａ）是传递有向图；（２）设ｉ是主对角线上元素为１的下标及Ｅ〈ｎ〉／｛ｉ｝，从顶点ｉ到Ｄ１＝Ｄ（Ｊｎ－１－Ａ「Ｅ」）中的每个顶点最多有一条弧连接。     

点泛圈偶图的一个充分条件

设Ｇ是连通偶图,（Ｘ１,Ｘ２）是其顶点的二分类,｜Ｘ１｜＝｜Ｘ２｜＝ｎ,δ（Ｇ）≥ｔ≥３。证明了若任意ｕ,ｖ∈Ｘｉ蕴含｜Ｎ（ｕ）∪Ｎ（ｖ）｜≥ｎ－（ｔ－２）,ｉ＝１,２,则当ｔ＝７时Ｇ是点泛圈偶图。     

关于Faudree定理的一个注记

假定Ｇ是顶点数的ｎ的２－连通图，Ｇ中顶点数为４且包含爪Ｋ１．３的子图称为爪型子图。本文证明了对Ｇ的任一爪型图Ｆ，任何ｕ，ｖ属于Ｖ（Ｆ），由距离ｄ（ｕ，ｖ）＝２＝│Ｎ（ｕ）ＵＮ（ｖ）│≥２ｎ－１／３，则Ｇ是哈密顿图。     

对称布尔矩阵的组合合成

设Ａ是ｎ阶对称布尔矩阵,Ｇ（Ａ）是它的伴随图,Ｃ２（Ａ）是Ａ的二级组合合成,本文证明了：若Ｇ（Ａ）为二分图,则Ｃ２（Ａ）可约;若Ｇ（Ａ）是含奇圈的２－连通图,则Ｃ２（Ａ）是不可约和本原的,它的本原指数ｒ（Ｃ２（Ａ））≤ｎ＾２－２ｎ－１。     

关于“k——序哈密尔顿图”一文的一点注记

本注记改正文［１］中一个引理的一点错误及引理证明中的失误。重新证明了若ｎ阶图Ｇ的任二不相邻顶点ｕ、ｖ有ｄ（ｕ）＋ｄ（ｖ）≥ｎ＋２ｋ－７，４≤ｋ≤ｎ，则对于Ｇ的任意不同的ｋ个顶点ｖ１，ｖ２，…，ｖｋ，有ｖ１（ｘ１）ｖ２（ｘ２）…ｖｋ－１（ｘｋ－１）ｖｋ型ｖ１—ｖｋ路（我们用ｖｉ（ｘｉ）ｖｉ＋１表示ｖｉｖｉ＋１或ｖｉｘｉｖｉ＋１。）或ｖｋｖ１（ｘ１）…（ｘｋ－２）ｖｋ－１型ｖｋ—ｖｋ－１路；若对任不相邻两顶点ｕ、ｖ有ｄ（ｕ）＋ｄ（ｖ）≥ｎ，则对于Ｇ中任三点ｖ１，ｖ２，ｖ３存在ｖ１（ｘ１）ｖ２（ｘ２）ｖ３型ｖ１—ｖ３路。最后对文［１］中的公开问题１提出自己的看法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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