电子束预辐照接枝反应研究（Ⅱ）──维尼纶纤维接枝丙烯酸

研究了电子束预辐照维尼纶纤维接枝丙烯酸，考察了预辐照剂量、反应时间、单体的质量分数、反应温度和摩尔盐对接枝反应的影响，以及接技后纤维力学性能的变化，并对电子束预辐照接枝反应机理进行了初步探讨。     

弱酸型阳离子交换纤维PVF-g-AA的制备

用γ-射线预辐射接枝共聚的方法制备了一种弱酸型阳离子交换纤维PVF-g-AA，分析了温度、时间、单体浓度、交联剂以及预辐照剂量和辐照后PVF的保存时间对接枝共聚反应的影响。研究表明：当反应温度为50—60℃、单体浓度15％一20％、共聚时间60min时，接枝率最高。     

含氟聚合物辐射气相接枝反应研究：Ⅰ.ESR研究PTFE预辐照…

以聚四氟乙烯为对象，在γ射线作用下，进行预辐照接枝气相丙烯酸反应。通过红外光谱表征，确认发生了含氟聚合物０气相有机单体的接枝共聚。用电子自旋共振方法，研究了ＰＴＦＥ在γ射线真空辐照作用下产生自由基浓度及特征，并用Ｘ－射线衍射仪测试了预辐照膜的结晶度变化关系，初步探讨了含氟聚合物－有机单体的辐射气相接枝引发机制，其反应条件对接枝率的影响进行了解释。     

含氟聚合物辐射气相接枝反应研究Ⅰ.ESR研究PTFE预辐照接枝气相丙烯酸反应

以聚四氟乙烯（ＰＴＦＥ）为对象，在γ射线作用下，进行预辐照接枝气相丙烯酸反应．通过红外光谱（ＩＲ）表征，确认发生了含氟聚合物－气相有机单体的接枝共聚．用电子自旋共振（ＥＳＲ）方法，研究了ＰＴＦＥ在γ射线真空辐照作用下产生自由基浓度及特征，并用Ｘ－射线衍射仪测试了预辐照膜的结晶度变化关系，初步探讨了含氟聚合物－有机单体的辐射气相接枝引发机制，其反应条件对接枝率的影响进行了解释     

微晶纤维素预辐照接枝甲基丙烯酸反应研究

采用预辐照方法将甲基丙烯酸接枝到微晶纤维素粉末上.研究了辐照剂量、单体浓度、反应时间和温度等因素对接枝反应的影响;用ESR研究了反应机理,表明辐照后,微晶纤维素表面产生了过氧化(或沦陷)自由基,由它引发接枝共聚.使用IR光谱、SEM、X—衍射等手段对接枝共聚物进行了表征.     

高强高模聚乙烯纤维电子预辐照接枝反应的研究

为了改善高强高模聚乙烯纤维(PE)与环氧树脂的粘接性,通过电子预辐照接枝工艺对PE纤维表面进行改性。试验发现,在N_2气氛下电子预辐照接枝反应工艺并不需要引发剂,随着预辐照剂量、反应温度和反应时间的增加,反应接枝率增加;丙烯酸是较好的接枝单体,丙酮与苯是较好的反应溶剂,反应结束后PE纤维表面上的均聚物可以用苯来去除;当预辐照剂量低于1.56×10~4Gy时,对纤维拉伸强度影响不大,而SEM和ATR—IR分析证实了PE纤维表面上有极性基团的存在。     

利用辐射接枝技术改善聚氨酯的血液相溶性

为改善材料的生物相溶性,将亲水性单体甲基丙烯酸β—羟乙酯辐射接枝到聚氨酯管材上。将聚氨酯在单体中预溶胀然后辐照,通过控制聚氨酯在单体中的溶胀度和照射剂量调节接枝层的深度和接枝率。接枝聚氨酯的亲水性随接枝率的增大明显改善。抗血栓试验表明与未接枝聚氨酯和医用硅橡胶比较,接枝聚氨酯有良好的血液相溶性。     

HDPE预辐照接枝AA与SSS制备阳离子交换膜

高密度聚乙烯预辐照接枝丙烯酸和对苯乙烯磺酸钠单体混合溶液，运用一步法制备了一种羧酸基团和磺酸基团共存的阳离子交换膜，并考察了单体总浓度、辐照剂量、反应温度及交联剂用量诸因素对接枝率的影响规律，找到了实验条件与接枝率的对应关系．并通过红外光谱测试表征了接枝膜的组成．     

聚乙烯预辐射接枝丙烯酸研究

采用预辐射法研究了丙烯酸对聚乙烯膜的接枝反应。结果表明,在真空环境下添加阻聚刑铁盐可使接枝反应顺利进行,加入无机酸可促进接枝反应。还研究了单体浓度、辐照剂量和贮存时间的影响,测定了接枝膜的吸水率、吸碱率和机械性能。     

阻燃聚合物接枝率表征的新方法

目的 用一种表征聚合物表面接枝率的新方法研究聚合物阻燃性能与接枝率之间的关系。方法 以丙烯腈－丁二烯－苯乙烯共聚物（ＡＢＳ）作为研究对象,利用电子束预辐照方法在不同条件下进行接枝,以基材单位面积上接枝单体的量来表征接枝率,对质量法和面积法表征接枝率进行比较,对其极限氧指数进行测定,并研究它们之间的关系。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that