DME发动机着火与燃烧过程的数值模拟研究

从含氧清洁燃料二甲醚（DME）低温着火的化学反应机理入手，开展了DME自燃着火过程的数值模拟研究，进而建立了不同温度、压力和燃空当量比条件下DME着火滞燃期的数据库，通过将该数据库与发动机工作过程的模拟模型相耦合，对DME发动机的运转性能进行了变参数预测分析，预测结果与实验结果符合较好。     

柴油引燃甲醇双燃料发动机滞燃期的研究

在一台TY1100直喷柴油机进气管上安装一套电控甲醇低压喷射装置，进行了柴油引燃甲醇双燃料发动机着火滞燃期的试验研究．结果表明：随着甲醇质量分数的增加，双燃料发动机压缩过程多变指数呈线性减小，着火滞燃期延长；与原柴油机相比，发动机燃用双燃料后，在转速为1600r／min、全负荷、甲醇质量分数为62％时，着火滞燃期最大延长约1．50；提高进气温度，着火滞燃期缩短，进气温度从20℃增加到40℃再到60℃时，对着火滞燃期的影响逐渐增强；发动机的转速升高，在所有试验工况下，以时间计的着火滞燃期缩短；引燃柴油供油定时提前，着火滞燃期延长．     

耦合动力学的微型发动机燃烧特性

为了获得微型均质充量压燃(HCCI)自由活塞发动机着火燃烧特性参数,根据自由活塞发动机的动力学特点,建立了理想状态下的数学模型,提出了单次冲击微型HCCI自由活塞发动机工作过程的模拟方法.在单次活塞冲击情况下,耦合丙烷详细化学动力学反应机理,对微型HCCI自由活塞发动机着火燃烧过程进行了变参数研究,获得了不同混合气初始条件下着火时刻变化特性以及燃烧特性变化规律.计算结果表明:初始温度、初始压力以及燃料当量比对微型HCCI自由活塞发动机着火燃烧过程有重要的影响.     

二甲基醚发动机工作过程的数值模拟研究

以二甲基醚着火反应机理和热力学燃烧模型为基础,建立了二甲基醚着火数据库及发动机工作过程的数学模型,藉此进行了发动机的循环模拟计算．计算结果与验证实验结果对比表明,Wiebe模型、Watson模型和Whitehouse-Way模型均可应用于二甲基醚发动机工作过程的模拟计算．应用化学反应动力学模型对DME发动机着火过程模拟计算结果所建立的着火数据库表明,滞燃期是缸内温度、压力和燃空当量比的函数,在一定的燃空当量比范围内,着火滞燃期随燃空当量比增大而变小．而采取将着火数据库与Watson燃烧子模型相耦合的模拟计算能够与实验结果相吻合。     

发动机起动过程的影响因素试验及分析

为研究发动机起动过程的影响因素,设计了车辆发动机起动过程测试方案,对6台不同工作条件下的某型车辆发动机进行了车辆起动过程测试,提取了起动过程的转速特征参数,研究了发动机起动过程的影响因素及机理.结果表明,高原起动环境、较高的摩托小时和技术状况劣化的喷油器使发动机起动过程中的最低着火转速提高,平均单缸升速度降低,导致发动机起动性能降低.     

泄漏对微自由活塞发动机工作过程的影响

为了研究泄漏对微发动机工作过程产生的影响,对自由活塞单次冲击压缩着火过程进行了可视化试验,得到不同漏气工况下微发动机的着火特性.在此基础上,建立了耦合自由活塞运动与燃烧过程的多维计算模型,对微HCCI燃烧过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明:混合气泄漏对着火时刻影响不大,但对活塞运动特性影响很大,漏气使得微燃烧室内压力降低,活塞返回速度变小,微发动机动力性能降低;泄漏间隙和泄漏长度是影响混合气泄漏程度的2个主要因素,也影响微压缩燃烧过程,泄漏间隙越大,最大压力与活塞末速度越小,动力性能越差,而泄漏长度增加,最大压力有所提高,有助于动力性能的提高;在微发动研究与设计过程中,应重视气缸/活塞间的密封效果.     

柴油-天然气RCCI发动机燃烧过程数值模拟

在Z6170双燃料发动机的基础上,采用CONVERGE软件建立柴油-天然气反应活性控制压燃(RCCI)发动机数值计算模型,分析第一次喷油始点、第二次喷油始点及低活性燃料比例对RCCI发动机燃烧过程的影响规律;将过氧化氢烷(QOOH)与羟基(OH)分别作为缸内低温着火标志物与高温着火标志物,分析缸内可燃混合物着火-燃烧过程.结果表明,随着喷油始点滞后,正庚烷浓度梯度提升,高温着火始点随之提前.仅当第二次喷油始点由705°CA上止点后(ATDC)滞后至710°CA ATDC,喷射的燃油在缸内被直接压燃,着火时刻推迟,高温着火始点滞后1.10°CA.随着低活性燃料比例的提升,低温着火时刻与高温着火时刻均显著推迟.此时,随着喷射燃油量减少,缸内预混当量提升幅度较弱,导致缸内燃烧速率减小,放热率峰值降低.     

点火和喷射正时对甲醇发动机冷起动特性的影响

在一台125mL的单缸电控喷射点燃式甲醇发动机上进行了冷起动瞬态工况着火特性的试验研究．基于循环控制研究了点火正时和喷射正时对甲醇发动机冷起动的着火特性和HC排放的影响．试验结果表明：点火正时和喷射正时对甲醇发动机的冷起动着火特性和HC排放均有显著影响;推迟点火从-20°（上止点前,下同）到10°,发动机的后燃逐渐增多,气缸压力逐渐降低,直至最后不能起动,甲醇发动机点火正时优化为-20°;喷射正时比点火正时对冷起动着火特性影响更显著,合理控制起动喷射正时,可保证混合气全部在受控的着火循环时进入气缸,实现“即喷即着”的理想着火,并提高发动机的着火可靠性;曲轴转角为471°上止点后）喷射甲醇比-35°喷射甲醇时的气缸最高燃烧压力提高了140％,HC排放降低了65％．     

不同气缸首先着火起动后发动机排气特性模拟

分别利用GT-Power和FIRE软件建立了天然气发动机一维仿真模型和排气系统三维模型,并实现了二者的耦合计算.模拟结果得到了试验验证.对4缸天然气发动机起动过程中不同气缸首先着火后,排气系统内气体流动和温度分布特性进行了模拟研究.结果表明：起动阶段第1个循环未着过火的气缸在排气过程中存在废气回流到气缸的现象,并推迟了废气向排气系统排出;不同气缸首次着火后,各缸排气歧管结构的差异引起排气系统中废气的流动和温度分布的不同.优化选择首个着火气缸进行起动,可以使催化器入口排气温度场分布更均匀,其中,第2缸首先着火起动后催化器入口流速均匀性指数最高,温度分布均匀,高温气体所占截面面积的比例最大.但不同气缸首次着火起动对排气流动和温度分布的影响主要表现在前3个发动机工作循环,此后这种差异消失.     

基于准维多区模型的DME发动机燃烧数值模拟

提出了一种基于准维多区模型的直喷式二甲醚发动机燃烧过程的数值模拟方法,其中喷雾模拟考虑了燃油分布、液滴蒸发和空气卷吸对喷雾混合的影响。自燃着火过程的模拟以二甲醚着火反应机理为基础,建立了计及温度、压力和燃空当量比因索的着火滞燃期数据库,通过将该数据库与准维多区喷雾混合模型相耦合,对二甲醚发动机的性能和一氧化氮排放进行了预测分析．实验结果表明,模拟计算结果与实测数据符合较好．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has