Experimental earth tidal models in considering nearly diurnal free wobble of the Earth''''s liquid core

Based on the 28 series of the high precision and high minute sampling tidal gravity observations at 20 stations in Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) network, the resonant parameters of the Earth's nearly diurnal free wobble (including the eigenperiods, resonant strengths and quality factots) are precisely determined. The discrepancy of the eigenperiod between observed and theoretical values is studied, the important conclusion that the real dynamic ellipticity of the liquid core is about 5% larger than the one under the static equilibrium assumption is approved by using our gravity technique. The experimental Earth's tidal gravity models with considering the nearly diurnal free wobble of the Earth's liquid core are constructed in this study. The numerical results show that the difference among three experimental models is less than 0.1%, and the largest discrepancy compared to those widely used nowdays given by Dehant (1999) and Mathews (2001) is only about 0.4%. It can provide with the most recent real     

Experimental earth tidal models in considering nearly diurnal free wobble of the Earth＇s liquid core

Based on the 28 series of the high precision and high minute sampling tidal gravity observations at 20 stations in Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) network, the resonant parameters of the Earth‘s nearly diurnal free wobble (including the eigenperiods, resonant strengths and quality factots) are precisely determined. The discrepancy of the eigenperiod between observed and theoretical values is studied, the important conclusion that the real dynamic ellipticity of the liquid core is about 5% larger than the one under the static equilibrium assumption is approved by using our gravity technique. The experimental Earth‘s tidal gravity models with considering the nearly diurnal free wobble of the Earth‘s liquid core are constructed in this study. The numerical results show that the difference among three experimental models is less than 0.1%, and the largest discrepancy compared to those widely used nowdays given by Dehant (1999) and Mathews (2001) is only about 0.4%. It can provide with the most recent real experimental tidal gravity models for the global study of the Earth‘s tides, geodesy and space techniques and so on.     

Detection of the translational oscillations of the Earth＇s solid inner core based on the international superconducting gravimeter observations

Based on the 21 series of the high precision tidal gravity observations recorded using superconducting gravimeters (SG) at 14 stations distributed globally (in to-tally about 86 years), the translational oscillations of the Earth抯 solid inner core (ESIC) is detected in this paper. All observations are divided into two groups with G-Ⅰ group (8 relatively longer observational series) and G-Ⅱ group (13 relatively shorter observational series). The detailed correc-tions to minute original observations for each station are carried out, the error data due to the earthquakes, power supply impulses and some perturbations as change in at-mospheric pressure and so on are carefully deleted for the first step, the gravity residuals are obtained after removing further synthetic tidal gravity signals. The Fast Fourier Transform analysis is carried out for each residual series, the estimations of the product spectral densities in the sub-tidal band are obtained by using a multi-station staking technique. The 8 common peaks are found after further removing the remaining frequency dependent pressure signals. The eigen-periods, quality factors and resonant strengths for these peaks are simulated. The numerical results show that the discrepancies of the eigenperiods for 3 of 8 peaks, compared to those of theoretical computation given by Smith, are only 0.4%, -0.4% and 1.0%. This coincidence signifies that the dynamical phenomenon of the Earths solid inner core can be detected by using high precision ground gravity observations. The reliability of the numerical computation is also checked, the spectral peak splitting phenomenon induced by Earths rotation and ellipticity is preliminary discussed in this paper.     

Characteristics of tidal gravity changes in Lhasa, Tibet, China

Tidal gravity changes arise from the response of the solid Earth to the tidal forces of the Sun,Moon and planets close to the Earth,and are a comprehensive reflection of the structure and distribution of physical properties of the Earth’s interior.As a result,observations of tidal gravity changes are the basis of studies on other global and/or regional dynamic processes.The characteristics of tidal gravity changes in the region of the Tibetan Plateau were investigated through continuous gravity measurements recorded with a superconducting gravimeter (SG) installed in Lhasa over a year.Through contrast measurements with a spring gravimeter LaCoste-Romberg ET20 at the same site,the gravity observations in Lhasa were scaled to the international tidal gravity reference in Wuhan.Meanwhile,the scale factor of the SG was determined accurately as-777.358 ± 0.136 nm s-2V-1,which is about 2.2% less than the value provided by the manufacturer.The results indicate that the precision of the tidal gravity observations made with the SG in Lhasa was very high.The standard deviation was 0.459 nm s-2,and the uncertainties of for the four main tidal waves (i.e.O 1,K 1,M 2 and S 2) were better than 0.006%.In addition,the observations of the diurnal gravity tides had an obvious pattern of nearly diurnal resonance.As a result,it is affirmed that the Lhasa station can provide a local tidal gravity reference for gravity measurements on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions.The loading effects of oceanic tides on tidal gravity observations in Lhasa are so weak that the resulting perturbations in the gravimetric factors are less than 0.6%.However,the loading effects of the local atmosphere on either the tidal or nontidal gravity observations are significant,although no seasonal variations were found.After removal of the atmospheric effects,the standard deviation of the SG observations in Lhasa decreased obviously from 2.009 to 0.459 nm s-2.Having removed the loading effects of oceanic tides and local atmosphere,it was found that the tidal gravity observations made with the SG in Lhasa significantly differed by about 1% from those expected theoretically,which may be related to active tectonic movement and the extremely thick crust in the region of the Tibetan Plateau.A more-certain conclusion requires longer accumulation of SG data and further associated theoretical studies.     

Detection of the special gravity signals in sub-tidal band by using wavelet technique

With the rapid increase of the requirements to geo-dynamics of the Earth’s deep interior in global basic sciences and space techniques, the theoretical study and experimental detection of the geodynamic phenomena in Earth’s liquid core (ELC) and Earth’…     

Validating global hydrological models by ground and space gravimetry

The long-term continuous gravity observations obtained by the superconducting gravimeters (SG) at seven globally-distributed stations are comprehensively analyzed. After removing the signals related to the Earth’s tides and variations in the Earth’s rotation, the gravity residuals are used to describe the seasonal fluctuations in gravity field. Meanwhile, the gravity changes due to the air pressure loading are theoretically modeled from the measurements of the local air pressure, and those due to land water...     

On the measurement for the speed of gravity

Newton’s law of gravity is a theory of instantaneous action at a distance.However,Einstein’s general relativity states that the speed of gravity equals the speed of light,which is finite.Therefore,it is a worthy problem to discuss if Newton’s law of gravity needs modification,when studying and observing the gravitational tidal.In this paper,it is shown that the Newton’s law of gravity is fully applicable in the framework of general relativity.Based on the post-Newtonian approximation,we find that the observable effect for the speed of gravity is irrelevant to the velocity of a moving source,but it is dependent on its acceleration.In general,the effect of the speed of gravity is so weak that today’s any astronomical observations,including the sun tidal observations,can not confirm that the gravitational field travels at the speed of light.     

长江口综合整治工程前后潮汐特征分析

利用改进的Godin潮汐调和分析及预报程序,对长江口北槽附近横沙和北槽中两验潮站的潮位资料进行调和分析,得到不同年份不同时段11个分潮的振幅H、迟角g、平均海平面值Z0以及各站的特征潮位.根据计算结果比较长江口综合整治工程前后横沙站和北槽中站各主要分潮(M2,S2,K1,O1)调和常数的变化,分析综合整治工程前后特征潮位的变化趋势;利用工程前的潮汐调和常数预报2002年、2003年和2006年横沙和北槽中两验潮站的潮位过程,对预报潮位过程和实测潮位过程进行比较.分析结果表明,两站主要分潮的调和常数、特征潮位以及潮位过程,在整治工程后特别是2003年和2006年发生了较明显的变化.     

台州湾附近海域潮汐、潮流特性

利用临时验潮站横门站的1a潮位观测资料、下大陈站长期验潮资料以及4个垂线测站的大、中、小潮潮流同步观测资料,分析了台州湾附近海域的潮汐、潮流特征,并探讨了海平面空间分布特征的影响因素.结果表明:横门站与下大陈站的潮汐类型均属于正规半日潮类型;横门站年平均潮差大于下大陈站4 cm;2站平均涨、落潮历时相当;台州湾除T-1...     

防城港外海海域夏冬季周日潮流的准调和分析

为深入研究防城港外海海域的潮流特征,通过引入差比关系,对防城港外海海域4个站点夏、冬季2个周日观测所得的表、中、底层海流的短期资料进行准调和分析。结果表明：防城港外海潮流属于混合潮流,部分海域属于正规全日潮流;潮流中旋转流和往复流同时存在,以旋转流为主,潮流椭圆长轴为东北-西南向;最大可能流速出现在表层,由表层至底层余流流速逐渐减小。夏季,防城港湾西侧余流方向为西南向或西北向,而东侧余流方向为东北向;冬季,除湾口为西南向外,其余海域余流方向均为东北向,余流与地形、风场、温度和盐度等因素有关。周日潮流资料时间较短,受天气、海况、观测时间等因素影响较大,计算的潮流性质略有差异。     

Numerical simulation of tides and tidal currents in Liaoning Bay with POM

A three-dimensional ocean circulation model, called Princeton Ocean Model (POM), is employed to simulate tides and tidal currents in Liaodong Bay. The nested grid technique is adopted to improve the computation precision. Computed harmonic constants of m1, M2 tides at five tidal gauge stations and surface elevations at two oil platforms are compared with those observed, and show good agreements with them. Based on the calculated results, the co-amplitude and co-phase lag lines of m1 and M2 tidal constituents, the residual current field of M2 constituent, tidal form, tidal current ellipse and the moving style of tidal current are given. It is found that diurnal tidal constituents have no amphidromic point whereas semi-diurnal constituents have one in the region of interest. Meanwhile, some meaningful results are concluded and presented, which are conducive to a thorough knowledge of the characteristics of tides and tidal currents in the Liaodong Bay.     

长江下游镇江至吴淞段潮位相关途径预报方法

选择镇江、江阴、浒浦、七浦、吴淞口等潮位站为研究对象,通过分析沿江各潮位站日平均水位的影响因素,利用多元线性回归建立了沿江各站日平均水位与上游大通站日平均流量过程的相关关系;在此基础上,考虑到沿江各站日平均水位除了与上游大通站流量有关外,还与吴淞口天文潮的大小有关,增加了能够反映潮差大小的相关因子,有效提高了相关方程的...     

江苏省辐射沙洲海域理论最低低潮面的计算

利用M.Foreman改进的G.Godin潮汐调和分析程序对江苏省辐射沙洲海域21个验潮站潮位资料进行调和分析,得到了11个分潮的调和常数及相应平均海平面.利用Delft3D数值模型计算研究该海域8个分潮的调和常数.对21个站位理论最低低潮面、可能最低低潮面、略最低低潮面及英国海图深度基准面的空间分布特征及关系进行了计算分析,拟合得出了辐射沙洲海域理论最低低潮面的经验关系式,利用该关系式计算分析了江苏省辐射沙洲海域理论最低低潮面值及其空间分布特征.     

Combined adjustment project of national astronomical geodetic networks and 2000'''' national GPS control network

The combined adjustment of astronomical geode tic networks and the 2000’national GPS control net work is a national geodetic project based on the pre sent necessities and long term program of national e conomic development. This project has profound sci entific, social and economic significance, and willproduce an effect on developments of space scienceand national defense construction as well as geodesyitself.China took part in the second international radioobservational projec…     

感潮河段上游流量对潮位预报的影响

以长江口天生港站、徐六泾站、杨林站为例,基于大量样本建立了各站日均增水与大通流量增量之间的关系,并利用所得关系式,根据上游流量的大小,对潮汐预报模型计算的过去若干年的潮位进行校正.经过校正,3站日均潮位预报误差的绝对值≤20 cm的合格率分别由77.3%提高到92.1%,76.3%提高到88.7%,83.8%提高到89.2%.该方法也适用于其他感潮河段潮位的预报.     

江苏辐射沙洲海域推移质输沙率计算与分析

根据江苏省辐射沙洲潮流水道33个站次连续两个潮次的潮流、底沙实测资料,利用比较分析与拟合研究方法,对各潮流水道的推移质输沙率进行了计算与分析,明确了辐射沙洲主要潮流水道涨潮、落潮、全潮平均推移质单宽输沙率和输运路线;分析得出了1 m深流速流向和临底层流速、垂线平均流速有很好的线性关系;拟合构建了江苏省辐射沙洲海域主要潮流水道相应的推移质输沙率流速表达的动力关系式。利用4#~20#站位测量数据及对应计算结果计算拟合得出了西洋水道、豆腐渣腰门水道、陈家坞槽水道的推移质输沙率流速关系式。拟合得出了21#~24#站位所在水道的推移质输沙率计算式,得出了沙洲中心浅滩汊道推移质输沙率关系式;发现推移质输沙率流速表达式在辐射沙洲三个不同区域是有差别。最后利用33个测站的水文测量及计算结果得出了辐射沙洲的整个海域的推移质输沙率计算式。推移质输沙率能用流速很好的表达,一是方便于计算应用,二是可反映内在动力机理。     

Records of the tsunami induced by the 2010 Chilean earthquake from Xiaoqushan seafloor observatory in the East China Sea

Sea-level variation can be induced by periodic tides, stochastic wind, air pressure, and swell. Larger sea-level variation has the potential to cause coastal disasters. In this paper, real-time continuous data obtained by the Xiaoqushan seafloor observatory in the East China Sea were analyzed employing frequency power spectral and tidal harmonic methods to extract the major components and periodicities of sea-level change. The sea-level anomaly (sla) was calculated by subtracting the tidal components from the observed sea level data. In the study period, the correlation between sla and the local north-south wind speed was high with a correlation coefficient of 0.65 at the 95% confidence level. The local wind-induced sea-level anomaly (sla wind ) was therefore computed through linear fitting. Although sla wind is one of the main components of sla, the residual sea-level anomaly (sla residual ) obtained by subtracting sla wind from sla is not zero, suggesting that there are other factors besides wind. Detailed analysis of the sea-level data at the time of the 8.8-magnitude Chilean earthquake on February 27, 2010 showed a peak sla residual value of 0.48 m at around 15:00 on February 28, which was highly coincident with the tsunami arrival time forecast by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center. The peak sla residual event is therefore linked with the tsunami induced by the 2010 Chilean earthquake. This is the first time that a tsunami has been detected using real-time continuous data recorded by a seafloor observatory in the sea off China. Such observations are expected to improve tsunami forecast models and promote the development of a tsunami warning system and a seafloor observatory network in the East China Sea.     

彭加莱规范引力下的加速膨胀

20世纪末,通过对Ia型超新星的观测,人们发现了宇宙的加速膨胀,这违背了人们关于引力的根本认识.解释这一不可思议的现象成了宇宙学家的首要任务,理论学家提出了各种模型.在众多模型中,规范引力理论由于其坚实的理论背景而备受关注.本文作者主要的研究对象是彭加莱规范引力宇宙学模型,利用解析分析对这类模型进行了详细的研究和讨论.并通过将Ia型超新星的观测数据与该宇宙学模型的理论预测作对比,给出了模型参数以及系统初值条件的最佳拟合值,同时也给出了参数们相应的置信区间,限定了这类模型的参数选取.     

Application of adjoint assimilation technique in simulating tides and tidal currents of the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea

Considering the interaction of different tidal waves, an adjoint numerical model is developed to simulate M2, S2, K1 and O1 tidal waves in the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea （B-Y-E） simultaneously. Compared with previous researches, by using the adjoint assimilation technique to inverse open boundary conditions and bottom friction coefficients based on altimetric data from TOPEX/Poseidon （T/P） and tidal gauges data, the precision of the numerical simulation is significantly improved. Selecting 14 days of simulated results after the initial wanning run to conduct harmonic analysis, the results can show the characteristics of M2, S2, K1 and O1 tidal wave systems perfectly in B-Y-E. Compared with 9 current stations, the calculated harmonic constants of tidal currents for M2 and K1 are in good agreement with the observed ones.