不同温度下CeO2预煅烧对甲醇氧化反应中Pt/CeO2–C电催化剂性能的影响

Pt/CeO₂–C catalysts with CeO₂ pre-calcined at 300–600°C were synthesized by combining hydrothermal calcination and wet impregnation. The effects of the pre-calcined CeO₂ on the performance of Pt/CeO₂–C catalysts in methanol oxidation were investigated. The Pt/CeO₂–C catalysts with pre-calcined CeO₂ at 300–600°C showed an average particle size of 2.6–2.9 nm and exhibited better methanol electro-oxidation catalytic activity than the commercial Pt/C catalyst. In specific, the Pt/CeO₂–C catalysts with pre-calcined CeO₂ at 400°C displayed the highest electrochemical surface area value of 68.14 m2·g?1 and I_f/I_b ratio (the ratio of the forward scanning peak current density (I_f) and the backward scanning peak current density (I_b)) of 1.26, which are considerably larger than those (53.23 m2·g?1 and 0.79, respectively) of the commercial Pt/C catalyst, implying greatly enhanced CO tolerance.     

电沉积法制备PtRuNi、PtRuMo催化剂及甲醇电氧化性能研究

采用恒电位法在玻碳电极上沉积PtRu、PtRuN i和PtRuMo催化剂,研究了催化剂在硫酸溶液中对甲醇的电氧化性能;采用EDS-SEM观察催化剂的形态和测试催化剂的整体组成.研究结果表明,三种催化剂的组成(原子比)分别为Pt/Ru/Mo=3/1/1,Pt/Ru/N i=5/1/0.13,Pt/Ru=3/1,沉积的粒子为球形,粒径在100~600 nm.三种催化剂对甲醇的电氧化活性依次为PtRuMo>PtRuN i>PtRu.     

含氧复合型Pt/C催化剂的制备、表征及其对甲醇电氧化催化性能的研究

利用亚锡酸对氯铂酸的弱的多步骤还原制备新型Pt/C催化剂. 用XRD、HRTEM、EDS、DSC以及氢吸附电化学对所制备的催化剂进行了表征,并用循环伏安和恒电位极化对其进行了甲醇电氧化催化活性测定. 实验结果表明,应用亚锡酸法合成的Pt/C催化剂具有很高的甲醇电氧化催化活性,在0.5V (SCE)电位下,其质量活性约为亚硫酸路线合成的Pt/C催化剂的2倍. 亚锡酸法可在纳米尺度范围内生成金属Pt和Pt氧化物共存的复合型碳载催化剂,这种含氧复合型催化剂可以促进Pt在甲醇电氧化过程中双功能作用的有效协调.     

纳米Pt/Graphene复合电极的制备及对甲醇电催化性能的影响

采用一步还原法制备直接甲醇燃料电池纳米Pt/graphene (Pt/G)阳极. XRD和SEM表征表明Pt纳米均匀分散于石墨烯表面.循环伏安和计时电流的电化学测定结果表明:复合纳米Pt/G的催化活性和稳定性优于纯铂;采用计时电量法测定298 K时甲醇在硫酸溶液中扩散系数为1.37×10-9 cm2·s-1,以及在不同阶跃电位下甲醇催化氧化反应速率常数k_f.      

Pt/CeO2-CNTs和Pt/CNTs在H2SO4和NaOH中乙醇电氧化活性及循环稳定性研究

为考察pH和CeO2对Pt催化剂乙醇电氧化活性的影响,用循环伏安法比较了Pt/CNTs及Pt/CeO2-CNTs在NaOH和H2SO4介质中的电化学行为,表明催化剂在NaOH介质中活性高于在H2SO4中活性,Pt/CeO2-CNTs活性高于Pt/CNTs活性.因Pt催化剂上乙醇电氧化反应的tafel斜率接近,故活性不同可归于影响交换电流密度的OHad浓度的差别.NaOH中Pt表面OHad吸附起始电位和乙醇电氧化起始电位分别低于H2SO4中起始电位,表明OHad决定着Pt催化剂的乙醇电氧化活性.加速耐久性实验表明,CeO2可改善Pt/CNTs的循环稳定性,Pt/CeO2-CNTs和Pt/CNTs在H2SO4中稳定性优于在NaOH中稳定性.     

Pt/CeO2-CNTs和Pt/CNTs在H2SO4和NaOH中乙醇电氧化活性及循环稳定性研究

为考察pH和CeO2对Pt催化剂乙醇电氧化活性的影响,用循环伏安法比较了Pt/CNTs及Pt/CeO2-CNTs在NaOH和H2SO4介质中的电化学行为,表明催化剂在NaOH介质中活性高于在H2SO4中活性,Pt/CeO2-CNTs活性高于Pt/CNTs活性.因Pt催化剂上乙醇电氧化反应的tafel斜率接近,故活性不同可归于影响交换电流密度的OHad浓度的差别.NaOH中Pt表面OHad吸附起始电位和乙醇电氧化起始电位分别低于H2SO4中起始电位,表明OHad决定着Pt催化剂的乙醇电氧化活性.加速耐久性实验表明,CeO2可改善Pt/CNTs的循环稳定性,Pt/CeO2-CNTs和Pt/CNTs在H2SO4中稳定性优于在NaOH中稳定性.     

ZIF-derived Co–N–C ORR catalyst with high performance in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Metal and nitrogen-doped carbon (M-N-C) materials have been considered as the most promising non-precious metal oxygen reduction (ORR) catalysts to replace expensive Pt catalysts. Due to high Fenton catalytic activity of Fe element and the resulting instability, Co-based N–C (Co–N–C) catalysts without Fenton catalytic activity should be a worthier ORR catalyst being explored. Although the high ORR activity of Co–N–C catalyst has been demonstrated in aqueous half-cell tests, their performance under PEMFC working condition is still far away from that of state-of-the-art Fe–N–C catalysts. In this study, a high-performance Co–N–C catalyst was synthesized by one-step pyrolyzing Co-doped ZIF-8 (zeolitic imidazolate framework-8) particles in-situ grown on the high-surface-area KJ600 carbon black with high electronic conductivity. The resulting Co–N–C catalyst exhibited high intrinsic ORR activity, fast mass transfer rate and high electronic conductivity, and thus yielded a remarkable peak power density of 0.92 W cm^-2 in H₂–O₂ PEMFC, which is comparable to state-of-the-art Fe–N–C catalyst. This strategy is helpful to synthesize highly active M-N-C ORR catalysts with improved mass transfer and electric conductivity.     

Pt/纳米TiO2-CNT复合电极的制备及对甲醇的电催化氧化

通过电合成前驱体Ti(OEt)4直接水解法和在恒电位-0.05V (vs. SCE)电沉积法制备Pt/nano TiO2-CNT电极.透射电镜 (TEM) 和X射线衍射 (XRD) 分析结果表明, 锐钛矿型纳米TiO2粒子(粒径5-10nm) 和碳纳米管结合形成网状结构, Pt纳米粒子(粒径8-15 nm)均匀地分散在纳米TiO2/碳纳米管复合膜表面.通过循环伏安和计时电流测试表明, Pt/ nano TiO2-CNT电极具有高活性表面, 同时对甲醇的电化学氧化具有高催化活性和稳定性,Pt载量为0.24mg/cm2时, 常温常压下甲醇的氧化峰电流达到260mA/cm2.     

Pt/C/聚砜型催化剂层的制备及性能研究

利用聚砜代替聚四氟乙烯,用循环伏安法,通过一步反应直接在高温裂解石墨(炭棒)电极上制备了Pt/C/聚砜型催化剂层.该催化剂层对甲醇的氧化呈现很好的电催化活性和稳定性,并系统研究了制备条件以及甲醇酸度、浓度对催化活性的影响.相对其他酸,在硫酸中电沉积所得Pt/C催化剂有更好的催化活性;催化剂的活性随甲醇溶液酸度的增加而增大;峰电流与甲醇浓度成正比.     

A novel bimetallic RuFe nanocluster to enable highly efficient oxygen reduction in zinc-air batteries

Zinc-air batteries (ZABs) have the advantages of high energy density and safety but their large-scale application is hindered by sluggish kinetics of four-electron aqueous O₂ redox reactions. Widely used Ruthenium (Ru)-based catalysts possess intrinsic oxygen evolution catalytic activity but suffer from insufficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance. Herein, to optimize the ORR activity of Ru-based catalyst, an iron (Fe)-coordinated, bimetallic RuFe cluster is constructed and homogeneously dispersed within nitrogen (N)-doped carbon layers (denoted as RuFe@NC). Benefitting from the optimized ORR activity and more active site exposure, the RuFe@NC exhibits superior ORR activity with a half wave potential (E_1/2) of 0.88 ?V higher than that of Pt/C (0.82 ?V). Accordingly, the RuFe@NC-based ZAB outperforms the Pt/C ?+ ?IrO₂-based device, presenting a reduced polarization of 0.7 ?V and an enhanced cycling lifetime of 50 ?h at 10 ?mA ?cm^?2. Moreover, the optimized structural design ultralow Ru loading (0.013 mg_Ru cm^?2) overcomes the cost barriers and demonstrates its high practicality. This bimetallic RuFe nanocluster opens a new way for future design of more efficient and stable catalytic systems.     

几种商业催化剂电氧化二甲醚的催化性能研究

通过循环伏安法研究了三种商业催化剂--40%Pt/C, 20%Pt-10%Ru/C(Johnson Matthey)和 20%PtRu/C, Pt:Ru =1:1(E-TEK)在酸性介质中对二甲醚电氧化的催化性能,比较了不同商业催化剂的催化活性.实验发现,在Pt担载量为0.1 mg/cm2和25 ℃时,JM-两种催化剂的催化活性都高于E-TEK的,且JM-PtRu/C二元催化剂对二甲醚电氧化的活性又比JM-Pt/C高.这一结果表明了Ru的加入能一定程度上提高催化剂的活性和抗中毒能力.当温度由25 ℃升高到70 ℃,JM-PtRu/C对二甲醚电氧化的起始氧化和氧化峰电位分别负移160 mV和200 mV、氧化峰电流密度提高了0.63倍;而JM-Pt/C的分别仅负移80 mV和96 mV、氧化峰电流密度却提高了2.77倍.这表明了Ru 的加入提高了催化剂的抗中毒能力、催化活性和以二甲醚为燃料的电池输出电压.同时升高温度使得Pt对CO的吸附能力下降,可提高其电池的输出电流.进一步实验还表明了二甲醚的吸附是一个弱吸附,其吸附步骤是氧化的限制过程,而且Ru的加入一定程度上也抑制了二甲醚的吸附,即Pt和Ru的比应有一个优化值.实验还发现了这三种催化剂在50 ℃下电催化氧化二甲醚后,电极的电化学表面积均有增大的现象.本文的研究结果将为进一步探索新的直接二甲醚燃料电池阳极催化剂提供了一定的指导意义和基础数据.     

促进型Pt/C类催化剂对甲醇的电氧化作用

研究了硅钼酸、磷钨酸促进型Pt／C类催化剂对甲醇的电氧化作用．采用循环伏安法和线性伏安法考察了催化剂的制备方法、添加剂、甲醇浓度、反应温度等因素对催化剂活性的影响,并用XRD和EDS技术对催化剂进行表征．结果表明：Mo含量(质量分数)为7．87％的Pt—Ru—Mo／C催化剂的活性为Pt—Ru／C商品催化剂(E—TEK)活性的1．65倍;添加硅钼酸和磷钨酸可以使得活性组分的分散度提高,从而显著提高催化剂的活性和抗毒性能．     

The catalytic behavior of La-Mn-O nanoparticle perovskite-type oxide catalysts for the combustion of the soot particle from the diesel engine

The La1-xMx MnO3（M=Li, Na, K, Rb, x=0, 0.10,0.25） perovskite-type oxides whose sizes are nanoparticle have been prepared by the citric acid-ligated method. The characters of the catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, IR, SEM and BET surface area measurement. The catalytic activity for the combustion of soot particulate was evaluated by a technique of the temperature-programmed reaction. In the LaMnO3 catalyst, the partial substitution of alkali metal （Li, Na, K, Rb） into A-site enhanced the catalytic activity for the combustion of soot particle. The La0.75K0.25MnO3 oxides are good candidate catalysts for the soot particle removal reaction, and the combustion temperatures of soot particle are between 285℃ and 430℃ when the contact of catalysts and soot is loose, and their catalytic activities for the combustion of soot particle are as good as supported Pt catalysts, which is the best catalyst system so far reported for soot combustion under loose contact conditions.     

ZrO_2-supported α-MnO_2:Improving low-temperature activity and stability for catalytic oxidation of methane

The single phaseα-Mn O_2and in-situ supportedα-Mn O_2/Zr O_2with different ratios of Mn/Zr were synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal method.They showed superior activity for catalytic oxidation of methane and even better than that of 1%Pt/Al_2O_3.The T_(50)of Mn O_2/Zr O_2catalysts with different ratios of Mn/Zr were located in the range of 315–335°C at a WHSV of 90 L g~(-1)h~(-1),whereas that of Pt/Al_2O_3was 380°C.After sulfur ageing,the Mn O_2/Zr O_2catalysts with Mn/Zr ratio of 2:1(2Mn O_2/1Zr O_2)and 1:1(1Mn O_2/1Zr O_2)exhibited satisfying sulfur resistance in comparison to the pure Mn O_2.The 2Mn O_2/1Zr O_2catalyst also showed acceptable catalytic stability,and the addition of 10 vol%CO_2had no obvious negative effect on its stability,whereas the addition of2.6 vol%H_2O caused slight but reversible decreasing methane oxidative activity.     

Bi掺杂的直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂研究进展

发展可替代能源对缓解全球能源问题具有重要意义。直接甲醇燃料电池(direct methanol fuel cell,DMFC) 因其工作温度低、能量密度高以及污染物排放少等特性,正逐渐成为最有发展前景的便携式能源技术之一。目前,其商业化进程主要取决于甲醇氧化反应(methanol oxidation reaction,MOR) 的动力学快慢、催化剂的成本和寿命。Bi元素的掺杂可以极大地提高甲醇电催化氧化的性能,并且可以提高阳极催化剂抵抗CO中毒的能力。介绍了掺杂Bi的贵金属和非贵金属阳极电催化剂,以及贵金属掺杂Bi₂O₃、Bi₂WO₆ 等光辅助电催化剂;综述了它们提高甲醇电催化氧化性能的机制,并展望了阳极Bi电催化剂在DMFC中所面临的机遇和挑战。     

Synthesis and characterization of Pt-MoO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>-TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> electrodes for direct ethanol fuel cells

To enhance the CO-tolerance performance of anode catalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells, carbon nanotubes were modified by titanium dioxide (donated as CNTs@TiO₂) and subsequently served as the support for the preparation of Pt/CNTs@TiO₂ and Pt-Mo/CNTs@TiO₂ electrocatalysts via a UV-photoreduction method. The physicochemical characterizations of the catalysts were carried out by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed probe ammonia molecules. The electrocatalytic properties of the catalysts for methanol oxidation were investigated by the cyclic voltammetry technique. The results show that Pt-Mo/CNTs@TiO₂ electrode exhibits the highest performance in all the electrodes. It is explained that, the structure, the oxidation states, and the acid-base properties of the catalysts are influenced due to the strong interaction between Ti and Mo species by adding TiO₂ and MoO _x to the Pt-based catalysts.     

Surface modifications of Pt-based atomically ordered nanoparticles to improve catalytic performances for oxygen reduction reaction

Bimetallic platinum-cobalt (Pt–Co) nanostructure catalysts represent superior catalytic performances for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In a variety of Pt–Co catalyst structures, atomically ordered structure catalysts show excellent catalytic performances in the ORR. In this work, for promoting their catalytic performances, atomically ordered PtCo nanoparticles (PtCo/C) with carbon supported were successfully prepared by an improved impregnation method and annealing. Then, the ordered PtCo/C catalysts have been significantly improved by doped with ultralow amount of Au and Cr transition metal. The physical and electrochemical test results demonstrate the Cr–PtCo/C and Au–PtCo/C catalysts have superior catalytic performances including mass activity and stability compared to commercialized Johnson Matthey (JM) Pt/C, which was the result of the modified electronic properties of Pt surface and atomically ordered structure. The presence of Au and Cr enhances the stability of PtCo/C catalysts. This work represents a simple way to promote the catalytic performances of the atomically ordered catalysts.     

Au/Al_2O_3/Al整体型催化剂的研究

采用阳极氧化法制备了Al2O3/Al载体,研究了阳极氧化条件(硫酸浓度、电流密度、氧化时间等)对载体比表面积和孔结构的影响.用这种载体,经过水合或负载CeO2、Fe2O3等助剂对载体的不同处理后,采用浸渍法制备了金负载量为1%的Au/Al2O3/Al、Au/Al2O3-CeO2/Al、Au/Al2O3-Fe2O3/Al催化剂,考察了其CO催化氧化活性.结果表明:阳极氧化条件对载体的表面结构有着显著的影响,同时也明显影响到催化剂的活性;助剂CeO2的加入能明显提高催化剂的活性.     

电化学活化条件对Pt/C催化剂甲醇电氧化催化活性的影响

利用亚硫酸路线和亚锡酸法合成了两种Pt/C催化剂,并利用循环伏安技术,详细地研究了循环伏安高电位和活化方式对Pt/C催化剂的甲醇电氧化催化活性的影响.研究结果表明:在改变高电位的逐步循环伏安活化方式下,不同的Pt/C催化剂的活化存在有不同的最优循环伏安高电位;在最优高电位下,一次性活化方式对亚锡酸法Pt/C催化剂的活化最为有效.不同的活化条件产生不同的催化活性,主要原因在于不同的活化过程形成的最终的Pt的存在形式不一样,致使催化剂对水和阴离子具有不同的吸附能力和吸附速率.     

活性炭负载Ptm^Au催化剂的制备与甲醇电催化氧化反应活性

采用溶胶负载法制备了Ptm^Au/C催化剂（m代表Pt/Au原子比）,通过X射线衍射、紫外-可见吸收光谱及透射电镜对催化剂进行了表征.利用循环伏安法测定了催化剂对甲醇电催化氧化反应的活性.考查了Pt/Au原子比和活性炭载体的预处理方式对甲醇电催化氧化反应活性的影响.结果表明,Pt0.05^Au/C对甲醇氧化的催化性能明显强于Pt/C催化剂;Pt/Au原子比越小,其催化活性相对越高;与未处理的活性炭相比,经过HNO3和HCl处理的活性炭负载Pt0.05^Au后,其电催化活性有所降低.