既有大跨空间钢结构安全性评定方法

从构件角度对既有大跨度空间钢结构的安全性评定方法进行研究,根据<建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准>(GB 50068-2001)规定的结构构件承载能力极限状态的可靠度指标,提出既有钢结构构件的安全性等级应划分为安全与不安全两等级.基于荷载模型和抗力模型,确定了作用于既有大跨空间钢结构的各类荷载标准值.以分项系数确定的抗力与可靠度指标确定的抗力相对误差最小为原则编写可靠度程序,得到适合既有大跨空间钢结构评定的γG=1.2,γQ=1.3,以及各类构件的最优抗力分项系数.在综合考虑构件权重的基础上,提出了以整体性、承载安全性和整体稳定性的最低等级作为结构安全性等级的安全性评定方法.     

抗力分项系数的概率极限状态设计法

针对现行规范规定的承载能力极限状态下设计表达式中存在的缺陷,基于概率极限状态设计法建立承载能力极限状态下仅有简单荷载组合作用时求解抗力分项系数的公式.在确定抗力分项系数时通过设定不同的参数数值(荷载效应组合、荷载效应比、抗力变异系数、结构破坏类型、安全等级等)及可靠度分析,对结构的承载能力极限状态进行研究,求出与结构可靠指标一一对应的抗力分项系数.     

双曲线冷却塔施工期设计风荷载的确定

以结构可靠性设计的基本理论为基础,以双曲线冷却塔塔筒施工期和设计基准期内具有相同的可靠度为前提,研究塔筒施工期设计风荷载的取值标准问题。根据风荷载平稳二项随机过程模型的特点,利用结构可靠度的时段分析方法分别建立结构设计基准期及其间各时段可靠度的关系以及施工期及其间各时段可靠度的关系。从施工期与设计基准期的结构抗力成比例入手,按照规范中的分项系数设计方法的要求,得到施工期风荷载标准值与设计基准期风荷载标准值同样成比例的结论。建议了该比例系数即施工期风荷载因子的求解步骤,并针对冷却塔的实际受力情况和基本随机变量的不同分布类型做了计算。计算结果表明:施工期风荷载因子随施工期的延长而增大,随抗力分项系数的增大而减小,其与施工期的关系可用对数函数来拟合。根据施工期风荷载因子的拟合函数式或相应简化表格即可确定双曲线冷却塔施工期的设计风荷载。     

基于分项系数法的既有框架结构可靠性鉴定表达式的研究

采用全随机过程模型的简化模型,根据既有结构抗力与荷载的特点,建立了既有框架结构基于分项系数法的可靠性鉴定表达式,采用现行规范计算目标可靠度的校准法,在不降低结构可靠性指标的前提下,推导了不同目标使用期下最优荷载和抗力分项系数的计算公式,编制程序计算了不同目标使用期的抗力和荷载分项系数。该鉴定表达式可以比较方便的应用于既有框架结构的可靠性评估。     

基于可靠度的桥梁船撞作用荷载组合分项系数

对船撞偶然组合问题,现行的桥梁设计规范给出了相应的组合分项系数。为了分析现行规范给出的分项系数下桥梁结构可靠度指标水平,寻求荷载组合分项系数与桥梁结构可靠度指标之间的关系,需要对桥梁船撞偶然荷载组合进行深入研究。基于有限元-神经网络-Monte Carlo(FA-M)法和极限状态设计法,计算桥梁结构船撞偶然组合不同荷载分项系数下的可靠度指标。以练江1号桥主桥为依托工程,采用有限元软件建立全桥空间有限元动力模型,以荷载冲击谱模拟船撞桥墩的动力时程,塔克斯特拉准则作为荷载组合理论依据,确定船撞荷载与汽车荷载作用下结构的失效模式。提取船撞荷载与荷载效应样本、汽车荷载与荷载效应样本、船撞和汽车荷载组合与荷载效应样本,对这些样本进行BP神经网络训练,当训练结果满足精度要求时,对船撞荷载分项系数ψCV取1.0,汽车荷载分项系数ψLL分别取0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9、1.0,并采用Monte Carlo法计算各分项系数下桥梁结构的失效概率和可靠度指标,将不同分项系数下的可靠度指标与目标可靠度指标进行比较。研究结果表明:跨径在150m以内的连续刚构桥荷载组合分项系数ψCV、ψLL,建议其值为1.0、0.8;F-A-M法可以方便、快速地求解桥梁结构船撞偶然组合下的可靠度指标,建立可靠度指标β与船撞荷载分项系数ψCV、汽车荷载分项系数ψLL的影响面关系,并给出荷载分项系数建议值,为船撞偶然组合设计及桥梁船撞的风险评估提供依据。     

基于分项系数法的既有框架结构可靠性评估

为了对既有框架结构的可靠性进行评估,采用全随机过程模型的简化模型,根据既有结构抗力与荷载的特点,建立了既有框架结构基于分项系数法的可靠性评估表达式;随后,应用现行规范中计算目标可靠度的校准法,在不降低结构可靠性指标的前提下,推导了不同目标使用期下最优荷载和抗力分项系数的计算公式,并通过编程计算了不同目标使用期的抗力和荷载分项系数,以及不同目标使用期下的地震作用折减系数.算例表明,该评估表达式可以比较方便地应用于既有框架结构的可靠性评估.     

预制桩单桩竖向承载力研究

应用单桩承载力理论,结合舟山实际试桩资料,对单桩承载力进行了估算,估算结果与实际验桩资料相比较,有一定的可靠性.在此基础上进行了可靠度指标的计算和荷载分项系数、抗力分项系数的计算.     

基于贝塔分布的抗拔桩承载力可靠度分析

以12根抗拔桩承载力为研究对象,利用4参数的贝塔分布拟合出抗拔桩承载力试计比（承载力实测值和计算值的比）的概率分布.通过K-S检验法检验指出：贝塔分布的拟合精度优于常见的正态分布、对数正态分布和极值I型分布.利用蒙特卡罗法计算出抗拔桩承载力的可靠度指标,计算结果表明：承载力试计比的均值、荷载组合、荷载比和安全系数对可靠度有显著的影响.最后利用荷载抗力系数设计法给出了抗拔桩的抗力系数.     

基于可靠度理论考虑验证荷载的既有桥梁评估分项系数研究

为准确评定既有桥梁的运营安全性能,基于可靠度与贝叶斯更新理论提出了综合考虑评估基准期与历史服役荷载的评估分项系数取值方法.根据5种不同风险准则确定相应基准期下目标可靠度,利用抗力优化法对构件进行评估分项系数取值分析,引入贝叶斯更新理论分析考虑历史服役荷载的评估分项系数取值,并与规范法、设计值法计算的评估系数在某一简支T...     

军用桥梁疲劳可靠性设计方法和分项系数

为了提高军用桥梁的性能,应用可靠性理论对军用桥梁的疲劳抗力和荷载效应进行分析,对8种军用桥梁的疲劳可靠度进行了校准计算。采用加权平均法定出疲劳目标可靠度指标,推导了疲劳设计公式,并给出各分项系数的建议值。计算结果表明,该方法简单易行,可供新一代设计准则的修订时参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that