含砜基磺化聚酰亚胺的合成及其质子导电率和耐水性

合成了一种新型的含有砜基的磺化二胺单体4,4’-二(4-氨基苯氧基)二苯砜-3,3’-二磺酸(BAPPSDS)以及相应的具有不同离子交换容量(IEC)的磺化聚酰亚胺.所制得的聚合物具有良好的溶解性、成膜性及很高的热稳定性,在高相对湿度下及水中这些磺化聚酰亚胺膜显示出较高的质子导电率(与Nafion 117相当).膜的耐水性与其IEC值及磺化二胺单体的构型有关,降低膜的IEC值和使用线型磺化二胺单体可以极大地提高膜的耐水性.得到了既具有较高的质子导电率又有良好耐水性的磺化聚酰亚胺膜.     

基于磺化聚芳醚砜／交联聚丙烯酰胺的semi-IPN质子交换膜的制备及性能

以4,4,-二氟二苯砜、4,4,-联苯二酚、3,3’二磺化-4,4’-二氟二苯砜钠盐为原料,经亲核取代共聚反应,合成了磺化聚芳醚砜（SPAES）聚合物。以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,丙烯酰胺、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为原料,经自由基聚合合成了交联聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）,利用溶液浇铸法制备了-系列半互穿聚合物网络结构质子交换膜（semi—IPN—SPAES／CPAM）。研究了该系列膜的离子交换容量、吸水率、尺寸变化率、质子导电率及水解稳定性。结果表明,该类质子交换膜具有较低的吸水率、良好的尺寸稳定性、较高的质子导电率及水解稳定性。与不含semi—IPN结构的SPAES膜相比,semkIPN—SPAES／CPAM膜在低湿度条件下的质子导电率有了大幅度的提升。     

三磺化聚二氮杂萘酮醚氧膦质子交换膜的合成及性能

以直接缩聚法将4-(4’-羟苯基)-2,3-二氮杂萘酮、二(4-氟苯基)苯基氧膦和二(3-磺酸钠-4-氟苯基)-3’-磺酸钠苯基氧膦引入到聚合物主链,通过改变磺化单体的比例,得到一系列不同磺化度的三磺化聚二氮杂萘酮醚氧膦聚合物.分子中的二氮杂萘酮基团和磺酸基团的分布方式使相应的聚合物膜具有适当的吸水率、优异的尺寸稳定性和耐氧化性.尤其是高磺化度的膜在具有较高电导率的同时仍能保持较低的溶胀和突出的耐氧化稳定性.     

一种新型聚酰亚胺的非等温热分解动力学

通过热重法、差示量热扫描法以及红外光谱法研究了由3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylicdianhydride(二苯酮四酸二酐,简称BTDA)和4,4'-(1,3-phenylenedioxy)-dianiline(CAS:2479-461)所形成的一种新型聚酰亚胺的非等温热分解过程,测得其失重5%温度为492℃,失重10%温度为530℃.用Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose(KAS)法和Ozawa法求取活化能Ea,用热分析动力学三因子求算的比较法判断出可能的机理函数.新型聚酰亚胺热分解的活化能为160.30kJ/mol,指前因子lnA为17.67.推断出可能的热反应机理函数为F2,其微分式和积分式分别为(1-α)2和(1-α)-1-1.     

新型磺化聚酰亚胺的合成

质子导电离子交换膜由于其高导电率和优异的化学性质而广泛应用于H2/O2燃料电池,但是全氟化膜的昂贵的价格限制了它的市场应用,为此,研究者尝试生产廉价的代替品,磺化聚酰亚胺就是被人们看好的代替品之一.用3,3′-二磺酸钠基-4,4′-二氟二苯酮和对氨基苯酚为原料合成一种新型芳香族二胺,再将新型芳香族二胺和二酐以间甲酚为溶剂一步法合成一系列具有不同磺化度的聚酰亚胺,从而避免了由聚合物磺化改性引起的聚合物链的交联与降解.用红外吸收光谱和H NMR核磁共振光谱对新型芳香族二胺单体进行了表征,并用红外吸收光谱表征了聚合物.研究了共聚物的组成结构,溶解性,及磺化度对共聚物的影响.结果表明DMF,DMAc,NMP等均是该磺化聚酰亚胺的良溶剂,聚合物粘度随着磺酸基含量的增加而降低.     

新型含微观相分离结构燃料电池质子交换膜的化学稳定性能表征

为了研究质子交换膜的微观相态对其化学稳定性的影响,对一系列磺化程度不同的,含有亲水性磺酸基和疏水性聚合物主链微观相分离结构的磺化聚芳醚酮质子交换膜进行了表征,结果表明与以往主链型磺酸质子膜相比,此类膜具有更好的抗氧化抗水解性能,说明微观相分离能显著提高膜的使用寿命.     

甲基取代主链含酰亚胺-砜基的聚芳醚酮酮树脂的合成与表征

以N,N'-(4,4'-二苯砜)二偏苯三甲酰亚胺酰氯为单体,分别与4,4'-二(2-甲基苯氧基)三苯二酮(o-Me-DPOTPDK)、4,4'-二(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)三苯二酮(o-Me2-DPOTPDK)采用低温溶液亲电缩聚合成了两种主链含酰亚胺砜基甲基取代的聚芳醚酮酮树脂,聚合物的对数比浓粘度为6.6和7.5 mL·g-1.用FT-IR、1H NMR对其化学结构进行了表征,DSC、TGA、WAXD研究了其热转变和形态.研究表明:共聚物有较高的玻璃化转变温度(T8:250,278℃)和热分解温度(5%Td:425℃),常温下能溶于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、氯仿和间甲酚等有机溶剂中,可采用溶剂法加工成型.     

一种新型磺化聚芳醚砜的合成、表征与性能

以3,3′-二磺酸钠基-4,4′-二氯二苯砜(SDCDPS)、4,4′联苯酚(BP)、4,4′-二氯二苯砜(DCDPS)为原料,利用亲核缩聚反应,通过调整SDCDPS和DCDPS的比例与4,4′联苯酚(BP)共聚,合成了一系列具有不同磺化度的磺化聚芳醚砜.该聚合物具有较高的分子量和良好的热稳定性,Ds0.8与Ds1.2的聚合物能铺成韧性较好的质子交换膜.     

杂环聚芳醚砜、聚芳醚酮及其共聚物合成与性能研究

以自制的新型类双酚化合物4-（2-甲基-4-羟基苯基）-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮（mM-HPPZ)为单体,与4,4′-二氟二苯酮,4,4′-二氯二苯砜进行溶液缩聚反应,合成了一类新型间甲基取代聚芳醚砜（PPES）、聚芳醚酮（PPEK）及其共聚物聚芳醚砜酮（PPESK,n(S)/n(K)=1/1)材料,并对其聚合条件作了初步探讨;利用核磁共振、红外光谱分析研究了双酚单体及其聚合物的结构,利用DSC、TGA对聚合物的耐热性能进行了分析。实验结果表明,该类双酚单体具有与双酚类似的活性,可以进行聚合反应,新型间甲基取代聚芳醚玻璃化转变温度高（Tg=520-558K);耐热稳定性好,其在氮气氛下5%热失重温度为693K左右,合成的间甲基取代聚芳醚砜、聚芳醚酮及其共聚物聚芳醚砜酮在氯仿、四氯乙烷、四氢呋喃和酰胺类溶剂中可溶解成膜。     

含偶氮分散红DR-19的PUI合成及热光性能研究

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和分散红-19(DR-19)合成含染料发色团的聚氨酯,进一步和二酐单体3,3',4,4'-联苯四甲酸二酐(BPDA)缩合生成具有光学性能的聚氨酯-酰亚胺(PUI);采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、热失重分析(TGA)等手段对合成的PUI进行了表征.热失重分析结果显示,其在5%的热失重温度为297℃,表明具有非常好的热稳定性;用阿贝折射仪测定该材料的折射率(n)和热光系数(dn/dT)计算了聚合物的介电常数(ε)、介电热光系数(dε/dT)、体积热膨胀系数β和(dβ/dT)值.制得的聚合物材料的热光系数(dn/dT)值为-3.577 1×10-4K-1～-4.582 9×10-4K-1,体积热膨胀系数变化率(dβ/dT)为0.7110×10-7K-1～1.190×10-7K-1,表明该聚合物在低驱动功率的新型数字热光开关、光通信器件等领域具有潜在的应用前景.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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