赫胥黎与威尔伯福斯之争

本文通过将赫胥黎与威尔伯福斯之争置于当时英国科学职业化初期的历史背景下进行综合考察 ,认为广为流传的赫胥黎“英雄故事”很可能是一种社会建构的产物 ,那场争论的性质也主要不是科学与宗教之间的冲突 ,而是不同科学“范式”之间的竞争 ,是科学职业化背景下不同社会团体之间利益冲突的体现。     

现象学还原的科学批判之维

梅洛-庞蒂主张对科学进行现象学还原,而这种还原大体上与某种艺术性取向联系在一起.受胡塞尔晚期关于生活世界理论的影响,他对科学的客观主义始终保持警惕.在他看来,科学世界建立在实际经验世界基础之上,为了评价科学的意义与影响,我们应该首先唤醒知觉经验,而科学只不过是其派生的表达形式.我们始终面临着如何与受到操作性规则支配的世界维持一种原始关系的问题,"世界的肉"为我们提供了人与自然之间的一种可逆的本体论关系.     

A Further Review of the Incompatibility between Classical Principles and Quantum Postulates

The traditional “realist” conception of physics, according to which human concepts, laws and theories can grasp the essence of a reality in our absence, seems incompatible with quantum formalism and it most fruitful interpretation. The proof rests on the violation by quantum mechanical formalism of some fundamental principles of the classical ontology. We discuss if the conception behind Einstein’s idea of a reality in our absence, could be still maintained and at which price. We conclude that quantum mechanical formalism is not formulated on those terms, leaving for a separated paper the discussion about the terms in which it could be formulated and the onto-epistemological implications it might have.     

量子实在:从量子力学到量子通讯

1935年为论证量子力学的完备性提出的EPR悖论开启了量子信息思想火花。20世纪80年代,由本奈特和多依奇等人研究、倡导和推进引发了量子信息研究的爆发。作为用量子力学机制处理信息问题的一种技术手段,量子信息技术同时也是对量子力学所描述的量子实在的技术性证明。信息技术的广泛使用不仅改变了普通人的生活,同时也对学者们理解我们存在的世界提供了技术方法和深刻的思想思路。从历史上考察这一技术的发展过程,有利于我们对这一新生技术的理解。     

Quantum Mechanics and Realism

Quantum mechanics is usually presented as a challenge to scientific realism, but I will argue that the details of quantum mechanics actually support realism. I will first present some basic quantum mechanical concepts and results, including the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) experiment and Bell's theorem, and do it in a way that everyone can understand. I will then use the physics to inform the philosophy, showing that quantum mechanics provides evidence to support epistemological realism.     

Quantum Mechanics and Computation

In quantum computation non classical features such as superposition states and entanglement are used to solve problems in new ways, impossible on classical digital computers.We illustrate by Deutsch algorithm how a quantum computer can use superposition states to outperform any classical computer. We comment on the view of a quantum computer as a massive parallel computer and recall Amdahls law for a classical parallel computer. We argue that the view on quantum computation as a massive parallel computation disregards the presence of entanglement in a general quantum computation and the non classical way in which parallel results are combined to obtain the final output.     

A Multiagent Approach to Modelling Complex Phenomena

Designing models of complex phenomena is a difficult task in engineering that can be tackled by composing a number of partial models to produce a global model of the phenomena. We propose to embed the partial models in software agents and to implement their composition as a cooperative negotiation between the agents. The resulting multiagent system provides a global model of a phenomenon. We applied this approach in modelling two complex physiological processes: the heart rate regulation and the glucose-insulin metabolism. Beyond the effectiveness demonstrated in these two applications, the idea of using models associated to software agents to give reason of complex phenomena is in accordance with current tendencies in epistemology, where it is evident an increasing use of computational models for scientific explanation and analysis. Therefore, our approach has not only a practical, but also a theoretical significance: agents embedding models are a technology suitable both to representing and to investigating reality.

计算复杂性、量子计算及其哲学意义

量子计算机具有超越经典计算机的能力。量子计算具有并行性和整体性,某些量子算法具有加速性。量子计算揭示了:数学与物理学之间的紧密关系,量子力学的波函数具有实在性。量子计算具有克服计算复杂性的能力。