NaCl浓度对大米草保护酶活性和渗透调节的影响

研究不同NaC1浓度下大米草根部和叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)、游离脯氨酸及可溶性糖的变化.结果表明:CNaC1等于100 mmol/L时,大米草生长良好;Cnacl高于100 mmol/L时,大米草通过提高SOD、POD和CAT活性,增加游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量,以适应NaCl浓度变化;CNacl达到500 mmol/L后,保护酶活性开始下降,而游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量却持续上升,叶片MDA含量亦持续上升,根部MDA却略有下降.在NaC1胁迫下,大米草叶片较根部对NaC1浓度更为敏感.     

蛋黄果在NaCl胁迫下的生理生态响应

采用盆栽实验法,分别用盐度为2,4,6,8的NaCl溶液对蛋黄果(Lucuma nervosa A.DC)进行了NaCl胁迫处理,测定其叶绿素、超氧化物酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、丙二醛等生理生态指标以及盆土的实际盐度,研究蛋黄果的耐盐性并为果树的耐盐机理提供理论依据.结果表明:在NaCl胁迫下,蛋黄果的生长及叶绿素合成受到明显抑制,在土壤盐度小于0.19时无盐害现象;SOD、POD的活性均随NaCl浓度增加而显著升高,CAT活性在盐度为4~8时与对照有显著差异;脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、丙二醛含量变化均与处理盐度呈现正相关,其中,脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量在各个处理盐度均与对照存在显著差异,可溶性糖含量在处理盐度为6和8时与对照存在显著差异.     

外源NADPH对NaCl胁迫下加工番茄幼苗生长及其抗逆生理指标的影响

采用营养液栽培法,以加工番茄品种"里格尔87-5"为材料,通过对NaCl胁迫下加工番茄幼苗叶片分别喷施5、10、15μmol/L NADPH(还原型辅酶Ⅱ),研究外源NADPH对NaCl胁迫下加工番茄幼苗生长及其抗逆生理指标的影响。结果表明:外源喷施3种不同浓度的NADPH均能不同程度地改善NaCl处理下加工番茄幼苗的生长性状,提高根系活力和过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性,降低电解质渗透率及丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖的含量。其中尤以NaCl胁迫下外源喷施10μmol/L NADPH的效果最佳。这说明外源NADPH通过促进盐胁迫下番茄幼苗植株渗透调节及清除活性氧的酶促系统的防御能力,降低膜脂过氧化,保护膜结构的完整性,从而有效缓解NaCl胁迫对番茄幼苗生长的抑制和提高了耐盐性。     

干旱胁迫下红砂渗透调节和抗氧化保护系统的响应研究

采用盆栽试验,测定了在不同土壤水分胁迫下红砂一些渗透调节物质和抗氧化保护酶,探讨渗透调节物质和抗氧化保护系统对干旱胁迫的响应。结果表明:叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和可溶性糖含量在中度干旱条件下增加,在重度干旱胁迫下减少并且低于对照;POD活性和CAT活性在中度和重度干旱胁迫下上升,但中度干旱胁迫高于重度;随着干旱胁迫程度的加强,脯氨酸含量、MDA含量、SOD活性一直呈上升趋势。研究表明,可溶性糖在中度干旱胁迫下起到了很重要的渗透调节作用,但在重度干旱胁迫下没有起到积极的作用;无论在中度还是重度干旱胁迫下,脯氨酸都起到了很重要的渗透调节作用。胡萝卜素、MDA、脯氨酸、SOD、POD和CAT在防御干旱引起的氧化胁迫中起到了显著保护作用,POD和CAT在中度干旱胁迫的保护作用更显著;无论在中度还是重度干旱胁迫下,MDA、脯氨酸和SOD都有显著的保护作用。     

外源钙对盐胁迫下罗汉果幼苗生理效应的影响

研究不同浓度的CaCl_2(0、2、6、10、14和18 mmol/L)对120 mmol/L的Na Cl胁迫下罗汉果(Siraitia grosvenorii)幼苗相关生理指标的影响.结果表明:1)盐胁迫处理下罗汉果幼苗SOD活性、叶绿素含量(Chl a、Chl b、Chl a+b、Chl a/b)均降低,渗透调节物质(可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸)、POD、CAT活性和MDA含量增加;2)施加不同浓度CaCl_2处理盐胁迫时,罗汉果幼苗SOD、POD、CAT活性、叶绿素(Chla、Chlb、Chl a+b、Chl a/b)和有机渗透调节物质(可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸)含量均先增加后减少,MDA含量则先减少后增加;当CaCl_2浓度为6 mmol/L时,叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量最高,SOD、POD、CAT活性最高,MDA含量最低.3)利用隶属函数分析可知,当CaCl_2浓度为6 mmol/L时,对应隶属函数加权平均值最高,罗汉果耐盐性有效提高.     

盐胁迫对甜高粱幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

研究了不同浓度NaCl溶液(含量0、50、100、150 mmol/L)处理对4种甜高粱幼苗超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛含量的影响。结果表明,与对照相比(即NaCl浓度为0),50 mmol/L NaCl处理显著增加了SOD、POD和CAT活性,而100和150 mmol/L NaCl处理则抑制了3种抗氧化酶活性。NaCl胁迫导致了脂质过氧化发生,具体表现为随着NaCl处理的浓度增加,丙二醛也增加。4种供试甜高粱对NaCl胁迫的应答有差异,其中辽甜1号在所有供试浓度的NaCl胁迫下,3种抗氧化酶活性均高于其他3个品种,而丙二醛含量最低,表明辽甜1号对NaCl的耐受性是最强的。     

外源一氧化氮对铬胁迫下小麦幼苗根系生长和抗氧化能力的影响

研究了在40mg/L Cr6+胁迫下,0.1～1.0mmol/L外源NO供体硝普钠(SNP)处理对小麦幼苗根系生长、氧化损伤、保护酶活性及可溶性糖含量的影响.结果表明,0.2mmol/L SNP处理缓解Cr6+胁迫伤害的效果最好,显著提高了小麦幼苗根系生长,保护酶SOD、POD、CAT活性和可溶性糖含量;显著降低了MDA含量.表明外源NO通过促进Cr6+胁迫下保护酶活性和渗透调节物质的提高,降低MDA水平,缓解Cr6+胁迫对小麦幼苗根系生长的抑制作用,增强植株的耐重金属能力.     

NaCl胁迫对非洲菊幼苗生长与生理特性的影响

为探究切花非洲菊（Gerbera jamesonii）‘柯蒂奶油’和‘安娜’幼苗的耐盐生理作用机制,本试验以非洲菊幼苗为试验材料,利用不同浓度（0、100、125、150、200 mmol/L）的NaCl溶液模拟盐渍土,研究其对非洲菊幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明：当非洲菊‘柯蒂奶油’和‘安娜’的NaCl浓度分别在≤100 mmol/L和≤125 mmol/L时,低盐胁迫刺激非洲菊幼苗叶片,通过提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）等保护酶的活性来清除植物体内积累的活性氧（ROS）,保持了细胞质膜的稳定,维持正常的渗透平衡与细胞代谢,促进非洲菊地上、地下部鲜重和叶绿素含量的增加;当非洲菊‘柯蒂奶油’和‘安娜’的NaCl浓度分别在≥125 mmol/L和≥150 mmol/L时,高盐胁迫导致植物体内活性氧过量累积,丙二醛（MDA）含量迅速增加,渗透代谢平衡被打破,致使细胞失水,严重抑制非洲菊幼苗的生长。因此,非洲菊‘柯蒂奶油’幼苗可耐≤100 mmol/L的NaCl胁迫,‘安娜’幼苗可耐 ≤ 125 mmol/L的NaCl胁迫。     

高温胁迫对珙桐叶片生理生化指标的影响

研究高温胁迫对珙桐叶片生理生化指标的影响. 结果表明：随着胁迫时间的延长,叶绿素和可溶性糖的含量降低;而游离脯氨酸和丙二醛的含量增大;相对电导率增大;超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性在胁迫2h时稍微增大,以后随着胁迫时间的延长其活性降低. 通过以上几项生理指标的测定表明：离体珙桐叶片能耐39 ℃的高温胁迫2~4 h.     

花生“汕油523”在盐胁迫下应激反应的初步研究

分别模拟盐胁迫的离子胁迫、渗透胁迫处理花生 (Arachishypogaea L.cv.Shanyou52 3) ,研究了离子胁迫、渗透胁迫对花生抗氧化酶的影响 .结果表明 :等渗的 Na Cl、 KCl(50　mmol/ L、 1 0 0　mmol/ L )和聚乙二醇 (PEG　6　0 0 0 ,1 6%、 2 6% )诱导花生叶片超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活力显著升高 ;低浓度 (50　mmol/ L) Na Cl胁迫可以诱导花生叶片过氧化物酶 (POD)活力升高 ;花生叶片过氧化氢酶 (CAT)活力在 PEG胁迫处理下呈显著下降趋势 ,而在 Na Cl和 KCl处理下变化不大 ,表明盐胁迫时引起花生叶片 CAT活力的下降的原因可能是渗透胁迫 .     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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