钢筋混凝土中爆炸破坏效应数值模拟分析

根据钢筋混凝土介质在内部爆炸载荷作用下毁伤破坏特性,利用LS-DYNA程序流固耦合算法,使用能够反映拉伸破坏的Tayler-Chen-Kuszmanul(TCK)和反映压缩破坏的Holmqust-Johnson-Cook(HJC)材料模型,通过建立分离式钢筋混凝土有限元模型,进行了钢筋混凝土在内部爆炸载荷作用下毁伤破坏效应的数值计算分析. 数值模拟能够很好地模拟钢筋混凝土内部爆炸时中心爆炸空腔压缩面和自由面的拉伸层裂破坏及漏斗坑形成过程,且与试验结果和理论计算吻合较好. 同时,由于钢筋的增强和止裂作用,钢筋混凝土中爆炸漏斗坑成阶梯型,且其破坏范围远小于混凝土介质.     

碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料在爆炸冲击下的微损伤分析

采用光学显微镜和 JEM- 6 30 1F场发射扫描电镜 ,观察了多向编织碳纤维 /环氧树脂复合材料在不同载荷下的断口和微损伤形貌 ,并分析其破坏形式和损伤过程。目的是为复合材料的结构设计和制造提供依据。实验结果表明 :低速加载下断裂过程依赖于应力的传递特性 ,表现为脆断 ,纤维断裂主要是由纤维表面缺陷引起的。在爆炸冲击下 ,试件碎裂区纤维呈现出剪切断裂和脱粘拔出 ,纤维间树脂呈层状或河流状花样 ;爆炸产生的复杂应力将首先择优作用于编织束界面上 ,形成沿束界面扩展的裂纹     

圆形洞室预应力锚索的地震动力响应

针对锚索在本身预应力及动荷载作用下轴向力可能产生损失、降低抵抗洞室变形能力的问题,采用有限差分数值分析方法,通过构造简单洞室模型,分别对简化的地震动载荷进行纵向压缩、横向剪切数值模拟.结果表明:由于洞室尺寸相对于无限空间较小,动载荷作用时洞室几何形状引起的挠动有限,因此锚索内动应力引起的变化较小;锚索安装角对该作用力的大小有很大影响;波动频率越高,该作用力越大;波动的类型影响不大.     

接触爆炸载荷作用下单层薄板临界破坏分析

该文基于爆轰理论,应用薄板塑性动力响应波动解及动态断裂准则,从理论上推导了薄钢板在爆炸冲击作用下产生初始环向裂纹即发生临界破坏时的装药量,给出板的临界位移理论表达式.算例、实验及仿真结果基本吻合,表明该方法能很好地解决接触爆炸载荷作用下薄板的临界破坏问题.     

掘进巷道瓦斯爆炸后巷道内空气温度时空分布

为了得出煤矿井下独头掘进巷道发生瓦斯爆炸后形成的空气热环境,对爆炸后巷道内部空气温度的时空分布规律进行了研究。基于气体方程、爆炸波的动力学和功能原理建立了爆炸产生的超压和温度之间的关系式,通过对超压模型的建立和求解,以及结合爆炸实验数据,得出了较为可靠的爆炸后瞬间巷道内空气温度随传播距离的分布规律。基于瓦斯爆炸发生后伴随有非定常、质量和热量传递等物理现象,建立质量、动量、能量控制方程组,将所求得的爆炸后瞬间巷道内空气温度作为一种初始条件,应用RNG kε数学模型进行求解。得到了不同体积浓度瓦斯爆炸后巷道内部空气温度的时空分布规律。研究瓦斯爆炸后巷道内部空气温度时空变化规律对于明确瓦斯爆炸诱发次生火灾或次生爆炸的机理具有重要意义,可为制定相关的灾防措施提供帮助。     

多载荷作用下动涡旋盘应力和变形研究

利用NX建立动涡旋盘的三维实体模型,运用有限元法研究了动涡旋盘在气体载荷、温度载荷下的应力与变形;并对气体载荷以及温度载荷耦合作用下的动涡盘应力和变形进行了研究;仿真结果表明,温度载荷作用下,最大应力和变形发生在涡旋齿齿头部位;气体载荷作用下,最大变形在啮合点处,最大应力在涡旋齿中心及尾部;耦合作用下在端板与涡旋齿连接处产生最大应力,在涡旋齿中心及尾部位产生了最大变形。     

半封闭空间瓦斯爆炸冲击波传播距离研究

为揭示瓦斯在强爆和弱爆情况下冲击波超压变化规律,利用一维爆炸物理模型和爆炸理论,构建了冲击波超压随距离变化的数学模型,并用一端开口的半封闭爆炸试验装置,在保持瓦斯浓度和其他条件不变,仅改变点火能量大小实现了瓦斯爆燃和爆轰,验证理论求解.结果表明:半封闭受限空间内,爆燃情况下火焰传播速度要远小于爆轰条件下火焰传播速度,爆燃火焰传播速度为亚音速,爆轰为超音速;爆轰与爆燃的冲击波超压的理论解都小于实验值,但整个传播变化趋势基本一致;极强冲击波最大超压值与传播距离成反比,极弱冲击波最大超压值与传播距离的平方根成反比;爆燃和爆轰冲击波在燃烧区内的传播变化趋势与理论解基本吻合.研究结果为防治瓦斯爆炸破坏及爆炸事故灾害勘验提供了技术和理论支持.     

褐煤在高温快速热裂解条件下析出产物的实验研究

通过瓦斯爆炸情形下褐煤的快速热裂解实验,研究了褐煤煤层发生煤矿瓦斯爆炸后褐煤发生次生火灾的机理。基于对褐煤的工业分析和元素分析,应溺能够满足瓦斯爆炸特征的居里点快速热裂解仪,时褐煤进行了热作用持续时间分剐为1,2,5,10s,热作用温度588-1313K的快速热裂解实验。对析出气体的最低助燃氧浓度和燃烧浓度极限进行了分析。瓦斯爆炸情形下褐煤热裂解会产生包括CH4,G2H4,C2 H6,C2H2,C3H6,bH8,G4-C5系列,CO,CO2在内的气体,以及焦炭、焦油。除焦炭产量随温度和时间呈减少趋势外,所有气体和焦油的产量均随温度的升高和热作用时问的延长而增加。析出气体中CH4,CO,CO2的比例较大,其余烯烃类气体比例很小。析出的混合气体在一定奈件下会发生火灾。     

双层泡沫陶瓷抑制瓦斯爆炸研究

为有效抑制煤矿瓦斯爆炸产生的冲击波,自行设计、搭建了瓦斯爆炸圆形大尺度管道实验系统,对8%浓度的瓦斯预混爆炸过程中多孔泡沫陶瓷对冲击波的抑制特性进行了研究.研究结果表明：泡沫陶瓷的多孔结构通过弹性形变和塑性形变吸收瓦斯预混爆燃的冲击波能量,实现抑制、衰减冲击波的效果.泡沫陶瓷层数、厚度和位置对抑制瓦斯爆炸传播均有一定的影响,其中层数影响尤为显著,双层布置时爆炸冲击最大超压下降速度更快、梯度更大;设置位置距点火端的距离3 m至4 m的范围内可以成功抑制爆炸的发展和演化;泡沫陶瓷厚度对爆炸冲击波趋势影响并不明显,而对最大超压数值有影响,相比50 mm厚,30 mm厚的泡沫陶瓷最大超压衰减率更大,抑爆效果更好.     

动-静组合加载诱发岩爆时岩块弹射速度的计算

以单轴动-静组合加载实验为依据，能量平衡为原理，损伤力学为手段分析动-静组合载荷作用下岩石发生破坏时能量的转换，对岩爆能量组成以及单轴动静组合加载诱发的岩爆岩块弹射速度进行研究。研究结果表明，与只考虑静载荷作用产生的岩爆相比，按动-静组合载荷产生岩爆设计有岩爆倾向的深部地下工程岩体的支护更加符合实际。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that