螺旋槽管强化传热研究及其在锅炉中的应用

论述了螺旋槽管管内外单相流体传热研究的试验结果,并将试验数据按流动参数、物性参数和几何参数采用无量纲准则数进行整理.给出了在雷诺数Rei=104～105范围内管内无量纲换热系数Nui的关联式,和在Re.=3×103～6×104及Re.=3.3×103～105范围内气流横掠螺旋槽管错列和顺列管束的管外无量纲换热系数Nu.的关联式,该关联式可以作为螺旋槽管换热器的设计依据.介绍了螺旋槽管作为空气预热器在电站煤粉锅炉中的广泛应用,给出了几个应用螺旋槽管空气预热器解决锅炉具体问题的实例,表明了螺旋槽管空气预热器的显著优越性.     

气体在螺旋槽管内强制湍流传热时N_u与R_e的关联

本文通过单头螺旋槽纹管进行蒸汽加热空气的实验研究,对实验结果进行了线性回归处理,确立了N_u与R_e的关联式。通过作图和误差分析表明:本关联式可应用于气体在螺旋槽纹管内强制湍流时的传热计算。     

针翅套管传热元件阻力特性实验研究

针翅套管式强化传热元件是一种新开发的传热管,传热效果好.以润滑油与水作为实验介质,对多根针翅高度与节距不同的针翅套管进行单管实验.根据实验结果,分析了油侧通道中针翅高度、节距、针翅管管径等参数对针翅套管阻力的影响,总结了适用于针翅套管阻力计算的实验关联式.应用该实验关联式对其他不同参数的针翅套管进行阻力计算,计算结果与实验结果符合较好,证实了实验关联式的可靠性.     

太阳能螺旋槽管相变蓄热器强化传热性能研究

针对太阳能利用过程中的蓄热储能问题及螺旋槽管换热器的优点,将螺旋槽管引入太阳能相变蓄热器中,并对蓄热器的蓄热过程进行了数值模拟。首先以光滑管蓄热器为例实验验证了该模拟方法和所用模型的可靠性,进而以螺旋槽管为水流管道、相变材料为蓄热介质,利用Gambit 建立三维蓄热器模型,应用ICEM对几何模型进行网格划分,运用流体计算软件Fluent模拟计算螺旋槽管和光滑管相变蓄热器的蓄热过程,考察螺旋槽管的强化传热效果。模拟计算螺旋槽管蓄热器不同槽纹节距和槽深等结构参数对蓄热器蓄热过程的影响,并对其影响规律进行了分析。结果表明,螺旋槽管代替光滑管用于太阳能相变蓄热器,可有效提高相变蓄热过程中的对流换热强度和传热能力,缩短蓄热时间,在模拟范围内,得到的最佳螺旋槽管结构参数为节距p=7 mm,槽深e=0.4 mm。螺旋槽管传热性能良好,对其深入研究有望进一步改进相变蓄热器的设计方案。     

内外螺旋三角翅片管管外冷凝传热建模与优化(Ⅱ)--数值分析与优化

为优化ＩＯＳＦ管的管外几何参数,根据所建数学物理模型,对不同换热工况和不同结构参数进行数值分析与模拟优化．研究结果表明：当管长Ｌ＝０．７ｍ、螺旋角β＝１８°、管外径Ｄｏ＝０．０１６ｍ,Ｈ＝０．００１ｍ时,φ＝７６°与Ｎ＝３２是最佳匹配参数,此时有最大平均冷凝换热系数;ＩＯＳＦ管管外螺旋角在β＜２７°的范围内,其管外传热特性与纵槽管基本相当;翅片夹角φ和螺旋槽头数Ｎ是对ＩＯＳＦ管管外冷凝换热产生主要影响的结构参数;局部冷凝换热系数沿管长跌落主要集中在开始的０．５ｍ内,因此排液盘的间距应不大于０．５ｍ,才能更有助于平均冷凝换热系数的提高     

单头“W”形螺旋槽管强化传热机理研究

单头“W”形螺旋槽管是在螺旋槽管的基础上开发出的一种新型强化管。本文研究了各种结构参数对流动和紊流换热特性的影响,从理论上探讨了其强化传热机理,并和实验结果进行了比较,结果表明此管的性能明显优于光滑管,在p/e=10～14范围内且具有小螺距和适当槽深的单头“W”形螺旋槽管的综合性能是最优的。     

恒速滴重法测定动态界面张力

建立了文题的测定装置，能检测０．５ｍＮ／ｍ以上，液滴表面寿命大于０．０５ｓ的动态界面张力。从液滴形成的过程中，考虑运动摩擦力和环流摩擦力在液滴分离的力平衡中所起的作用，提出了恒速滴重法测定σ１计算式，并用实验数据关联了相对运动度Ｕ０的计算式。用纯物质的油－水系统的实验数据对公式加以验算，一般误差在０．５＾以内，用上述两式计算ＳＤＳ，ＣＴＡＢ，Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ Ｘ－１００等油－水系统的σｔ，并推算各表面     

内螺纹管高压汽水两相流摩擦阻力特性的研究

对内螺纹管两相流摩擦阻力在高压汽水试验台上进行了试验研究，试验用管为我国６００ＭＷ超临界变压运行直流锅炉所采用的Φ２８ｍｍ×５．４１ｍｍ的１２ＣｒＩＭｏＶ四头内螺纹管，试验压力为：１３～２２ＭＰａ，质量流达为：４００～１８００ｋｓ／ｍ２ｓ，蒸汽干度为：０～１．０．对试验结果进行了分析，给出了计算内螺纹管摩擦压降的关联式。     

螺旋折流板波槽管换热器换热与阻力实验研究

以水为工质，对螺旋折流板波槽管换热器、螺旋折流板光管换热器及传统弓形折流板光管换热器进行了壳程和管程的传热及阻力对比实验研究．结果表明，相比弓形折流板光管换热器，螺旋折流板光管换热器总传热系数和壳程换热系数分别提高50％～80％和90％，壳程阻力减少15％～20％；螺旋折流板与波槽管结合使用，换热能力进一步加强，总传热系数是弓形折流板光管换热器的2．01～2．11倍，是螺旋折流板光管换热器的1．15～1．6倍．     

螺旋槽纹管管内紊流流动与换热数值研究

系统地研究管内径Di,节距P,槽深e,槽宽B,螺旋角β和头数N等各因素对管内流动和换热的影响及管内各种不同工质的换热和流动情况,以优化螺旋槽纹管的管型结构参数,完全依靠实验很难达到此目的,因此有必要用数值模拟的方法来研究。本文对前人在单头和多头螺旋槽纹管管内紊流流动与换热的数值研究中,所采用的方法、模型、网格的划分以及计算结果做了简要的介绍,并认为采用周期性充分发展换热的概念,螺旋坐标变换的方法,修正的K-ε模型与应用其他计算方法是解决该问题的关键。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the