Al-Pd-Mn-Mg、Al-Pd-Mn-Zn和Al-Pd-Mn-Mg-Zn系准晶态合金的研究

本文研究了Al-Pd-Mn-Mg、Al-Pd-Mn-Zn和Al-Pd-Mn-Mg-Zn三种多元系合金的准晶形成规律、准晶态合金的成分范围和热稳定性。研究结果表明,Al-Pd-Mn-Mg系准晶态合金的成分范围基本上可按以下范围选择构成,Al:60～80(at％)、Pd:0～20(at％)、Mn:0～10(a％)、Mg:0～10(at％),而Al-Pd-Mn-Zn为Al:60～75(at％)、Pd:0～20(at％)、Mn:0～10(at％)、Zn:0～10(at％),Al-Pd-Mn-Mg-Zn为Al:60～5(at％)、Pd:0～20(at％)、Mg:0～5(at％)、Zn:0～5(at％)。三种系列的准晶态合金均为非热稳定性准晶,其晶化温度约为673～873K左右。     

Al-Cu-Fe系合金准晶稳定性的研究

利用扫描电镜、X-射线衍射分析及示差热分析(DTA)方法对用单辊法获得的Al-Cu-Fe系合金准晶的热稳定性进行了研究,并探讨了Al-Cu-Fe系中以Cr代Fe对准晶稳定性的影响。发现在所研究的成分范围内,Al-Cu-Fe系合金准晶的晶化温度与成分有关。当Al含量一定时,晶化温度随Cu/Fe比降低而升高;当Fe含量一定时,晶化温度随Al/Cu比降低而升高;Cu含量一定时,晶化温度基本不变。准晶晶化激活能随Cu含量减少、Fe含量增加而降低。以等量Cr替代Fe,合金准晶晶化温度升高,晶化激活能增加,准晶热稳定性大大提高。     

准晶颗粒增强的Al基复合材料的热膨胀性能

调查研究了 3种准晶合金铸态Al65Cu2 0 Cr15、急冷态Al65Cu2 0 Cr15和铸态Al65Cu2 0 Fe15颗粒增强的铝基复合材料从室温到 5 0 0℃的热膨胀系数 ,结果表明准晶合金颗粒增强的复合材料的热膨胀系数显著低于基体材料纯铝 .且Al-Cu -Cr系准晶合金颗粒增强的铝基复合材料的热膨胀系数比Al-Cu -Fe系低 .通过理论估算 ,准晶合金具有负的热膨胀系数 ,Al-Cu -Cr系准晶合金的热膨胀系数比Al-Cu -Fe系低 .在Al -Cu -Cr系 ,准晶含量越高 ,其热膨胀系数越低     

铝基多元系准晶合金形成规律的研究

本文是关于铝基多元系准晶合金形成规律的研究．在研究中采用了著者提出的加和原则对多元系铝基准晶的形成规律进行了解析．结果表明，某些准晶态合金可以按一定成分范围相互加和，通过快速凝固和普通熔铸等方法制备新的多元系准晶合金，同样根据准晶的加和原则，可以从某些多元系准晶预测新的基本准晶．     

Al-Mn-Si系合金准晶的研究

本文系统研究了Al-Mn-Si系合金中准晶的形成规律和稳定性。准晶I相在Al20Mn6Si合金附近还为最佳成分区,该区合金成分的准晶I相形成能力最大,稳定性最强。而准晶I相在Al20Mn15Si合金附近,形成能力最小,稳定性最弱。通过对准晶I相晶化温度的分析指出,α(Al)相能降低准晶I相的稳定性。准晶I相存在类似非晶态的驰豫现象,驰豫之后稳定性提高。本文还给出了部分合金准晶I相晶化激活能数据。     

Al-Cu-Fe-Mg,Al-Cu-Fe-Zn和Al-Cu-Fe-Zn-Mg系准晶的形成规律研究

著者采用快速凝固方法制备了Al-Cu-Fe-Mg,Al-Cu-Fe-Zn和Al-Cu-Fe-Mg-Zn系合金粉末,这些快冷合金粉末在室温下为晶态相或晶态相与准晶相共存结构,把粉末加热到773～873K时,晶态相开始转变为准晶相,在1000～1073K时晶态相基本上完全转变为准晶相,继续提高加热温度,准晶相重新变为晶态相。本文对三种合金系列的加热相变规律,准晶相形成规律和准晶相的成分范围进行了详细的研究。     

Al-Cr和Al-Cr-Mn合金系准晶粉末的制备和研究

文中给出了Al-Cr和Al-Cr-Mn合金系准晶粉末的制取方法,同时对准晶粉末的形貌、成分、衍射特征和热稳定性能进行了研究,并且采用计算机对高温衍射数据进行了处理,绘制了准晶动态相变图。结果表明,在Al-Cr和Al-Cr-Mn合金系列之中,合金成分和冷却速度对二十面体相的形成有很大影响,Al_(82)Cr_(18)和Al_(82)(Mn,Cr)_(18)在10~5～10~6K/s的冷却速度下,能够得到几乎完全的二十面体的准晶粉末。在Al-Cr合金中,随着Cr含量的增加,提高了准晶相的热稳定性,添加第三组元Mn,也能提高准晶相的热稳定性。     

化学配比对TiAl有序合金微观组织和变形特性的影响

本研究用三点弯曲实验测定了铝含量为43at·％～56at·％的Ti-Al二元合金的力学性能;利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜研究了不同成分合金的微观组织和变形亚结构。实验结果表明:根据不同成分合金的微观组织可将其分成三类,即:γ-TiAl单相组织(52at·％～56at·％Al);双态组织(46at·％～50at·％Al)和全片层结构晶粒组织(43at·％～46at·％Al),其中以具有细晶双态组织的合金具有较好的塑性变形能力。本文从微观组织结构和变形位错组态的变化,探讨了合金成分对TiAl基有序合金塑性变形的影响机制。     

Al-Cu-Fe-Zn系准晶的形成规律研究

本文通过快速冷凝方法制得了Al-Cu-Fe-Zn系合金粉末。这种快冷合金粉末在室温下为准晶相和晶态相共存结构,当把粉末加热到773K左右时,晶态相开始消失并且转变为准晶相,加热到1000K晶态相基本上完全转变为准晶相,继续升温准晶相又逐渐减少,晶态相重新产生和增加。本文对Al-Cu-Fe-Zn系快冷合金粉末的加热相变、准晶形成规律、准晶的成分范围进行了详细的研究。     

Gd—Ni二元系富Ni合金相图

本文用X射线衍射及差热分析方法测定了Gd—Ni二元系富Ni合金相图,Ni含量为50—100at％。在这个成分范围内,观察到如下七个金属间化合物:GdNi(1280℃同成分熔化),GdNi_2(1010℃包晶分解),GdNi_3(1110℃包晶分解),Gd_2Ni_7(1200℃包晶分解),GdNi_4(1270℃包晶分解),GdNi_5(1470℃同成分熔化)和Gd_2Ni_(17)(1285℃包晶分解)。存在二个共晶反应:GdNi—GdNi_2(880℃,～56at％Ni)和Gd_2Ni_(17)—Ni(1275℃,～95at％Ni):Gd在Ni中无明显的固熔度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-