太谷核不育小麦的研究与利用

本文综述太谷核不育小麦的遗传理论与育种实践的进展概况。经研究鉴定太谷小麦的不育性是受控于一个显性雄性核不育基因,并开展了基因作用及表达研究;太谷小麦是轮回育种的理想工具,已取得了明显效果。     

可可茶子叶培养中体细胞胚状体形成及植株再生

用含有０．５ｍｇＬ－１２,４－Ｄ或０．５ｍｇＬ－１２,４－Ｄ加２ｍｇＬ－１ＰＣＰＡ的ＳＨ培养基（含ρ（蔗糖）＝３％）培养可可茶的未成熟子叶,２周后即可从合子胚的下胚轴诱导出胚状体,５～７周后可以从子叶表皮直接诱导出胚状体．在含０．２ｍｇＬ－１２,４－Ｄ的培养基中,子叶外植体在培养４周内即能分化出胚状体且分化频率较高．培养１５周后把培养物转接至含２ｍｇＬ－１ＢＡ加上０．２ｍｇＬ－１ＩＢＡ的培养基中（含ρ（葡萄糖）＝２．５％）可以诱导出“种子状胚”、“芽状胚”和“杯状胚”,并可使“种子状胚”和“芽状胚”转化成苗．另外,还可诱导出丛芽并使丛芽转化成无根苗．若把“芽状胚”转移到含５ｍｇＬ－１ＧＡ－３和１ｍｇＬ－１ＩＡＡ的培养基中,“芽状胚”转化成无根苗的频率较高．     

诱导矮败小麦孤雌生殖的效果研究

试验用二甲基亚砜、对氯苯氧乙酸、激动素、赤霉素、聚乙二醇、矮壮素、肌醇、烟酸 8种单一药剂 ,各种组合处理药剂及二次处理药剂 (赤霉素、肌醇、2 ,4 D和植物血清凝集素 )诱导矮败小麦孤雌生殖 ,共处理了750 0穗。结果表明 :单一药剂以 0 0 1 5mL/mL二甲基亚砜和 1 0 0mg·kg- 1 赤霉素诱导效果最好 ,两年诱导结实率分别为 0 1 67% ,0 1 94%和 0 1 1 1 % ,0 1 39%。筛选出最佳组合药剂为 50 0mg·kg- 1 对氯苯氧乙酸 1 0 0mg·kg- 1 激动素 0 0 1 5mL/mL二甲基亚砜 ,两年诱导结实率分别为 0 2 78%和 0 333 %。大多数组合药剂的诱导效果优于单一药剂的诱导效果。二次处理的每种药剂有一最适浓度     

普通小麦T型、E型细胞质不育系和太谷核不育系小孢子发育细胞形态学的比较观察

通过对小麦E型不育系和太谷核不育系花粉发育过程的观察,与过去对T型小麦不育系的观察加以比较,发现三种不育类型的小麦花粉败育过程大体相似,但三种不育类型也存在差异。用细胞化学方法对E型不育系及其保持系花粉细胞的细胞色素氧化酶的分布和活性进行了初步观察,结果发现不育系比保持系酶活性低,酶颗粒少。用I—IK对E型不育系及其保持系花粉进行染色,发现保持系花粉染成深蓝色,淀粉颗粒多,不育系花粉呈棕红色,几乎无淀粉颗粒。     

水稻光温敏核不育系不育性表达的同步性研究

以农垦５８Ｓ、７００１Ｓ、５０４７Ｓ、Ｗ６１５４Ｓ、ＫＳ－９、培矮６４Ｓ、安农－１Ｓ和５４６０Ｓ８个不同类型的水稻光温敏核不育为材料，在广州盛夏７月－８月份对各不育系的不育性表达进行了系统的比较研究，并对生转换的同步性进行了观察。结果表明，不育性表达的同步性以安农－１Ｓ和７００１Ｓ较好，各体不育怀整齐，其他６个不育系的不育性表达的同步性较差，株间、株内穗间颖花间的花粉育性差异显著或极显著。连续单株     

草浆蒸煮废液处理新工艺的研究

本研究采用酸析木质素、电化学法及生物处理相结合的草浆蒸煮废液处理新工艺。废液ｐＨ３．０时，大部分木质素酸析沉降，ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率５２．９％。酸析木质素后的废液采用铁作牺牲阳极，石墨作阴极的电化学处理法，废液中Ｓ２－的去除率达８２．６％，Ｆｅ３＋浓度达３１．６ｍｇＬ－１。后续处理采用活性污泥法，利用废液中Ｆｅ３＋对生物反应过程的特殊刺激作用和絮凝作用，强化生物处理，出水水质：ＣＯＤｃｒ２９１ｍｇ·Ｌ－１，ＢＯＤ２９４ｍｇ·Ｌ－１，ＳＳ２３ｍｇ·Ｌ－１。     

矮败小麦群体连续选择早代的遗传分析

以单株产量为育种目标,采用含未选对照系统的二向选择方案,针对由不同亲本构建的“矮败”小麦群体ＤＮＳ３,就株高、穗粒数、千粒重、小穗密度四个主要性状各自进行了三轮选择．结果表明,小穗密度选密、株高选矮的效果最佳,三轮平均进展分别是６７２％、６０２％,且其选择响应第１轮最大;穗粒数、千粒重的选择效果不理想．利用矮败小麦连续选择可克服株高升高的趋势,选择使群体的平均数向量位置迁移、群体内植株的分布频率改变．四个选择性状向下选择的变异系数呈现增加趋势．     

怀地黄离体培养再生植株及其生长调控

本文对怀地黄愈伤组织的诱导、分化和再生植株的生长调控进行了研究．结果表明：（１）６－ＢＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ（单位下同）＋ＮＡＡ０．１的组合有利于叶片愈伤组织的形成，２，４－Ｄ２＋ＮＡＡ２的组合有利于根茎愈伤组织的形成；（２）诱导愈伤组织产生再生植株的最佳组合为６－ＢＡ１＋ＮＡＡ０．０１；（３）ＰＰ３３３对再生植株的生长调控具有良好的效应，ＰＰ３３３１处理后，再生植株生长健壮，根系发达，叶色浓绿．     

重庆温光型小麦雄性核不育系C49s小孢子发生和发育的细胞学研究

作者对重庆温光型小麦雄性核不育系“C4 9s”、普通小麦“6 9”及不育系“C4 9s 87”与普通小麦“94 6 4”的杂种F1代雄性器官进行切片观察 ,发现其雄配子发育从花粉母细胞减数分裂间期到二分孢子时期绒毡层差异不大 .在减数分裂前期Ⅱ到中期Ⅱ ,不育系绒毡层细胞部分呈双核、三核增大细胞 ,部分出现核解体 ,而普通小麦“6 9”与“C4 9s 87/94 6 4”的杂种F1代中没有出现该现象 .不育系绒毡层细胞比可育系迟解体 .从单核早期开始 ,不育系小孢子发育不正常 ,表现为小孢子收缩变形 ,无核或有核细胞质稀薄 ,细胞核不能定向移动到萌发孔的对侧 .“C4 9s”败育的原因可能与绒毡层发育及液泡的动态性有关 .败育的高峰为单核期 .     

海南中草药材鸡屎藤离体培养的研究

利用组织培养方法对鸡屎藤进行离体培养的研究,结果表明：以鸡屎藤茎节、嫩叶作外植体能诱导产生愈伤组织,并能诱导产生不定芽．诱导愈伤组织的培养基以 ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ ０．５ｍｇ·Ｌ－１＋ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ·Ｌ－１效果较好;诱导不定芽的培养基以ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ４ｍｇ·Ｌ－１＋ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ·Ｌ－１效果较好;本文还报道了鸡屎藤的生根和移栽技术．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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