Investigation of the ozone formation potential for ethanol using a smog chamber

The ozone formation reactivity of ethanol has been studied using chamber experiments and model simulations. The computer simulations are based on the MCM v3.1 mechanism with chamber-dependent auxiliary reactions. Results show that the MCM mechanism can well simulate C 2 H 5 OH-NO x chamber experiments in our experimental conditions, especially on ozone formation. C 2 H 5 OH-NO x irradiations are less sensitive to relative humidity than alkane species under our experimental conditions. In order to well simulate the experiments under high relative humidity conditions, inclusion of N 2 O 5 +H 2 O=2HNO 3 in the MCM mechanism is necessary. Under C 2 H 5 OH-limited conditions, the C 2 H 5 OH/NO x ratio shows a positive effect on d(O 3 -NO)/dt and RO 2 +HO 2 . High C 2 H 5 OH/NO x ratios enhance the production of organoperoxide radical and HO 2 radical concentrations, which leads to a much quicker accumulation of ozone. By using ozone isopleths under typical scenarios conditions, the actual ozone formation ability of ethanol is predicted to be 2.3-3.5 part per billion (ppb) in normal cities, 3.5-146 ppb in cities where ethanol gas are widely used, and 0.2-3.2 ppb in remote areas. And maximum ozone formation potential from ethanol is predicted to be 4.0-5.8 ppb in normal cities, 5.8-305 ppb in cities using ethanol gas, and 0.2-3.8 ppb in remote areas.     

在线测定烟雾箱实验中气相和气溶胶中有机酸

用实验室自制WEDD/AC采样装置在线采集烟雾箱实验中气相和气溶胶相样品,采用阀切换技术使两根浓缩柱交替浓缩样品,并用离子色谱-质谱仪检测其中的有机酸及无机阴离子。电导检测器的定量结果稳定,质谱检测器对于离子定性起关键作用。该方法无需样品预处理,可减少人为误差,非常适合连续的烟雾箱大气光化学反应,测定反应过程中微量有机酸含量的变化。     

Measurement of femtometre-scale atomic displacements by X-ray absorption spectroscopy

The frequencies of extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) measurements, which are oscillations occurring on the high-energy side of an X-ray absorption edge, can be used to identify interatomic distances in materials. We have used a dispersive X-ray spectrometer, which has no moving components, to make rapid measurements with minimal energy drift of the difference in EXAFS from the Fe K edge in an iron-cobalt thin film undergoing periodic strain through magnetostriction. We show that magnetostriction can be detected by differential X-ray absorption. The magnitude of the recorded signal relative to the noise shows a sensitivity to mean differential atomic motion of one femtometre: a factor of 100 times more sensitive than that normally available.     

压电沉淀吸附法用于硫酸根的测定

报道了一种利用压电沉淀吸附检测硫酸根离子的分析方法.在pH=3.0的柠檬二氢钠-柠檬酸的缓冲溶液中,硝酸钡和硫酸钠产生晶形沉淀,压电晶振表面因吸附硫酸钡沉淀而使晶振的谐振频率发生改变(Δf).通过实验选定了测量体系,并考察了缓冲溶液的pH值和温度等实验条件对Δf的影响.结果表明,硫酸根在0.8×10-4～1.0×10-3mol*L-1范围内,Δf与硫酸根浓度呈线性关系.将此传感器用于自来水中SO2-4的测定与离子色谱法测定结果相符.图5,表2,参7.     

注入CO_2提高煤层气井产能技术的作用机理

向煤层中注入CO2可以提高煤层气采收率(CO2-ECBM)。这一技术目前已在国内外得到验证。中文介绍了该技术的作用机理在于CO2与CH4在煤体内的竞争吸附过程中处于优势,能够将吸附态的CH4置换为游离态。从煤级、煤的有机显微组分、煤储层渗透率、煤基质的吸附膨胀和煤层含水性5各方面介绍了这一技术的影响因素。指出了未来需要关注的方向。     

用乙炔吸收方法实现光纤光栅外腔式半导体激光器稳频的研究

设计了用乙炔吸收方法稳频1.53μm光纤光栅外腔式半导体激光器的系统结构并简述了基本原理.系统中的吸收气室选用渐变折射率和带尾纤的光纤,提高了耦合的稳定性.采用三次谐波锁定技术,消除了背景功率的影响.利用锁定放大器闭环控制布拉格波长,将激光器的输出波长锁定在乙炔气体1530.37nm的吸收峰上,24h内频率稳定度达10-8.     

衰荡腔光谱技术检测混合气体中甲醛含量

利用光参量振荡技术产生2.2~3.97μm的宽调谐窄线宽中红外相干辐射.采用该中红外光源和衰荡腔光谱技术建立了一痕量气体成分光谱检测系统,并使用该系统对混合气体中的甲醛成分进行了测量,得到了72×10-9的检测灵敏度.整个光谱检测系统具有很好的光谱分辨率、选择性以及测量灵敏度,适用于大气中多种污染或温室效应气体成分的检测.     

An exact expression for fractional absorption in Mossbauer spectroscopy

The fractional resonance absorption ε(0) in transmission Mossbauer spectroscopy is defined as a relative number of the absorbed γ-ray, and regarded as a measure of Mossbauer effect. The absorption linewidth Λ _a , as it is usually suggested, is nearly equal to the emission linewidth, Λ _s , and such an approximation leads to a extremely simplified expression ε(0), depending on neither Λ _s nor Λ _a . We consider the general case Λ _s ≠Λ _a , and obtain an exact expression for ε(0) which is given in the present paper. This expression ε(0), as a function oft _a, Λ _s , Λ _a , is figured and discussed. Biography: Chen Yi-long (1934-), male, Professor, research interest: Mossbauer effect and its applications.     

硐室爆破空腔比的动光弹研究与工程应用

为了分析不同空腔条形药包爆破效果,以动光弹为研究手段,用五种不同空腔比实验模型进行了爆破动应力场及破坏结果研究,并在首钢128t硐室大爆破中进行了工程应用.研究和应用结果表明:最佳空腔比约为4.0;在岩石特别破碎地区为控制飞石,可采用大空腔比进行爆破设计理论.