青藏高原全新世气候变化研究进展

青藏高原是世界上最高、最年轻的高原，它对北半球的气候变化有重大影响。全新世是与人类进化、人类文明形成最密切的时期。分析、总结了青藏高原全新世的气候环境变化的研究成果，并对这些成果进行讨论。高原的全新世大暖期来临于10kaBP，鼎盛期为7—6kaBP，大暖期时，高原植被、森林扩大，泥炭发育，湖面上升，夏季风增强。大约在5kaBP，高原气候由暖湿向冷干转变。     

Changes in annual accumulation retrieved from Geladaindong ice core and its relationship to atmospheric circulation over the Tibetan Plateau

Annual accumulation records covering 1935 to 2004 were reconstructed using Geladaindong ice core in the source of Yangtze River. A significant positive correlation between annual accumulation and precipitation from nearby meteorological stations was found, suggesting ice core accumulation could be taken as a precipitation proxy in the region. In the past 70 years, precipitation in the Geladaindong region was low from 1930s to early 1960s, and the lowest value occurred in the later 1950s. Since 1960s, precipitation increased dramatically and reached the maximum around 1980s, then decreased slightly in 1990s. By using Mann-Kendall rank statistical test method, a change point for precipitation was determined in 1967. Analysis of the atmospheric circulation over the Tibetan Plateau suggested that, compared with the southwest wind during the low precipitation period （before 1967）, it extended about 2 latitudes northward during high precipitation period （after 1967）. Moreover, during the high precipitation, the trough over the Bal Karshi Lake was also enhanced, and both the meridional wind and vapor transporting displayed a remarkable aggrandizement.     

青藏高原：全球气候变化的驱动机与放大器──Ⅲ．青藏高原隆起对气候变化的影响

新生代出现的几次重大气候变化事件与青藏高原形成过程中经历的几次强烈构造运动在发生年代上的良好对应关系表明两者存在紧密的联系．或许正是青藏高原的隆起导致了气候的巨大变化和现代东亚季风的形成及加强．高大的高原对大气系统有两个重要影响，热力作用和动力作用．它们在亚洲冬季形成蒙古高压、夏季形成印度低压，从而导致东亚季风出现．青藏高原越高，其对大气的作用越显著，形成的蒙古高压、印度低压和东亚季风越强大．因此，东亚季风的形成和加强是青藏高原隆起的结果．东亚季风的加强和高原动力作用使西风带波动增加，造成冰期极地冷空气不断南侵、气候波动变大．青藏高原抬升和季风造成的化学风化增强还使大气ＣＯ２含量降低、气候变冷．因此，青藏高原隆起是控制新生代气候变化的重要因素．     

青藏高原生态系统发育与生物多样性

 青藏高原是全球海拔最高的独特地域单元,对中国乃至北半球生态安全具有重要意义。本文通过分析青藏高原的地貌形成过程和气候条件,对青藏高原的生态系统与生物多样性进行基本判断,进而提出在气候变化背景下,建立涵盖青藏高原全境的生态监测体系、构建天地一体化监测体系和信息平台、生态建设项目的监测与评估3项建议,以整体提高青藏高原地区生态系统和生物多样性应对全球气候变化的能力。     

玉龙山温北川浅冰芯内气候环境信息的初步剖析

稳定同位素和离子分析结果表明,我国青藏高原东缘玉龙山温冰川的一支浅冰芯的大部分气候环境信息有良好的对应关系,可揭示近期若干年冰川净积累时期内的气候变化趋势和冰川的净积累量,且与当地实测资料相对应,该线冰芯的研究也揭示出冬夏季风和融水渗浸作用对冰芯气候记录的影响过程,表明温冰川气候环境信息的时间序列有限,温性冰川浅冰芯现代过程的分析为研究西南季风环流的动态变化提供了一个新的重要途径。     

青藏高原过去2000年来气候环境变化研究

以现代过程研究为先导，以冰芯记录为手段，进行气候环境信息的挖掘，将影响环境的自然与人为因素进行整体研究，对环境长期演变过程中的重大自然事件和人为事件，特别是灾害事件进行剖析，从而提示青藏高原过去2000年来气候环境的变化特征与机理；阐明极低温环境下的微生物演化特征；揭示历史时期青藏高原大气温室气体含量变化的原因及其与气候变化之间的关系，并评价人类活动对环境的影响。     

Influence of variation in precipitation on the δD values of terrestrial n-alkanes on the southern Tibetan Plateau

A short lake sedimentary core and ice core were recovered from Lake Chen Co and Noijingangsang Glacier,respectively,in the Lake Yamdrok watershed of the southern Tibetan Plateau.Hydrogen isotope ratios of the ice core(δDice) and δD values of terrestrial n-alkanes(δDwax) in the sediments showed a linear correlation(R2 = 0.41,P = 0.047) over the past 80 years,indicating the effect of hydrogen isotope ratios of precipitation(δDp) on δDwax.However,apparent fractionation(εwax-p) values of δDwax relative to δDice increased with decreasing ice core accumulation(amount of precipitation;R2 = 0.65,P = 0.0051),revealing that dry or wet climate variation had a significant impact on δDwax.Thus,precipitation amount and δDp are both important in determining δDwax.     

New evidence for enhanced cosmogenic isotope production rate in the atmosphere ≈37 kaBP from the Guliya ice core

A³⁶Cl peak was found in the predicted section of Guliya ice core, from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, at about 37 kaBP. This cannot be interpreted by means of changes in the accumulation rate, but by the enhanced cosmogenic isotope production rate in the atmosphere. Compared with the records of¹⁰Be and³⁶Cl in the other regions, the peaks of the cosmogenic isotopes are global and can be considered as time marks. An intriguing fact is that the peaks coincided with cold periods.     

青藏高原中部色林错SL-1孔粒度参数指示的5.33 ka BP以来的水位变化

 对取自青藏高原中部色林错深水区的SL-1 孔开展年代学和粒度参数研究,以此重建了该湖5.33 ka BP 以来的水位变化.结果表明,5.33~4.25 ka BP 是一期较为稳定的高湖面期,湖面波动较小,始终维持在高湖面,后期(4.30～4.25 ka BP)湖面开始下降;4.25~2.20 ka BP,风力加强,湖面较上一期有所降低,属湖面降低期,风力作用的影响增加;2.20~1.90 ka BP,稳定的低湖面期;1.90 ka BP 至今,高湖面期.但有几期短暂而快速的湖面降低,湖面降低的持续时间一般为20~50 a,具有约0.10 ka和0.20 ka 的周期性,约0.20 ka 的准周期基本贯穿了色林错自5.33 ka BP 以来的湖面变化.这种周期在青藏高原冰芯氧同位素恢复的温度序列中也存在,说明在百年尺度上,温度对色林错的湖面变化有一定影响.     

Formate and acetate records in the Muztagata ice core, Northwest Tibetan Plateau

Formic and acetic acids (HCOOH, CH3COOH), originating mainly from biosphere (release by plants, combustion of biomass, motor exhaust and oxidation of organism, etc.), are two simple organic chemical com- pounds in troposphere. Though the concentration of these two organic acids is low in atmosphere, they are the main [1] sources of free acidity in precipitation of remote regions , and contribute minor chemical constituents to the balance between anions and cations, especially to some atm…