SHARON法处理垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液

探索短程硝化反硝化法处理焚烧厂渗滤液时的快速启动方法,考察水力停留时间(tHR)与COD去除率和氨氮去除率的关系以及进水w(C)/w(N)与COD去除率和氨氮去除率的关系,结果表明:在tHR为6.5～10 d,w(C)/w(N)在3～5的情况下,COD去除率维持在80%左右.氨氮的去除率能稳定在95%左右,是较经济的tHR和w(C)/w(N)控制点.     

活性污泥A/O工艺去除炼油废水中氨氮的研究

采用活性污泥A/O工艺对炼油废水中氨氮的去除进行了试验研究。结果表明,该系统的氨氮容积负荷高达0.165kg/m3·d,对NH3 N和COD的去除率分别在97.3%和84%以上,而且系统的抗冲击能力强,出水稳定。在硝化过程中,溶解氧对氨氮的去除率和硝化产物的形态有一定的影响。     

间歇式反应器亚硝化颗粒污泥培养试验

在间歇式反应器(SBR)中经20d驯化后,普通消化污泥具有亚硝化功能.然后接种厌氧颗粒污泥,控制反应条件:温度21 ℃,pH7.5～8.5,溶解氧(DO)质量浓度0.5～1.0 mg/L, 25 d后完成厌氧颗粒污泥向好氧亚硝化颗粒污泥的转变.好氧亚硝化颗粒污泥具有较好的脱氮效果,一个反应周期内氨氮(NH 4N)去除率达到91.4%,总氮(TN)去除率达到70.6%,亚硝酸盐氮与硝酸盐氮质量浓度比(ρ(NO-2N)/ρ(NO-3N))＞0.70,反应器实现了同步亚硝化反硝化.     

SBR工艺中DO和C/N对同步硝化反硝化的影响

采用SBR工艺处理氨氮废水,研究不同的DO和C/N对同步硝化反硝化的影响,探索硝化反硝化一体化工艺的规律和特性.发现当DO=1.60～1.80mg/L、CODCr/CNH+4-N=6.5或BOD5/NH+4-N=4时,TN的去除率分别达到最大.     

序批式生物膜法硝化特性研究

采用序批式生物膜法对不同溶解氧(DO)、温度和pH值条件下氨氮的硝化效果进行试验研究,对运行过程中亚硝氮的积累进行探讨.结果表明,DO(4.0时NH3—N的去除率始终保持在95%以上;低pH值和低温对硝化反应有着明显的抑制作用,但低pH值对硝化反应的抑制是瞬时的,而低温对硝化反应的抑制是持久性的;控制低DO实现短程硝化时,在运行初期较易实现.     

DO对膜生物反应器中同步硝化反硝化的影响

采用人工配制的生活污水作为原水,考察了在膜生物反应器(MBR)中不同溶解氧(DO)对于同步硝化反硝化效果的影响.结果表明,将试验条件控制在TN容积负荷为0.35 kgN/(m3*d)、HRT为6 h、SRT为30 d、pH为7～8、温度为25～28 ℃、C/N为9时:在反应器DO的质量浓度为0.6 mg/L条件下,可获得62.5%的NH+4 -N去除率、91.1%的反硝化率和58.3%的SND率;在反应器DO的质量浓度为1.0 mg/L条件下,可获得90.8%的NH+4-N去除率、90.4%的反硝化率和82.5%的SND率;在反应器DO的质量浓度为1.4 mg/L时,可获得93.3%的NH+4-N去除率、77.0%的反硝化率和72.1%的SND率.     

纳米活性碳纤维SBR法脱氮除磷试验

在传统SBR工艺中,应用一种新型的纳米活性碳纤维悬浮填料,考察其对污水的脱氮除磷效果,并确定其最佳运行条件.结果表明:以进水30min—曝气4h—搅拌2h—沉淀1h—出水30min—闲置30min为最佳运行工况,在此工况运行时,进水NH3—N(氨氮)浓度为16.2~31.8 mg/L,出水NH3—N浓度为0.22~1.55 mg/L,NH3—N(氨氮)去除率为98.6%~95.1%;进水TN(总氮)为19.8~39.1mg/L,出水TN为5.94~13.68mg/L,TN去除率为70%~65%;进水TP(总磷)为3.2~4.5 mg/L,出水TP为0.46~1.13 mg/L,TP去除率为85.6%~75%,系统有较好的脱氮除磷效果,同时还存在同步硝化反硝化过程,以及较好的反硝化除磷功能.     

集成式反应器SND对低碳氮比生活污水的深度脱氮效能及其动力学

以由实际生活污水配制的低C/N比生活污水为研究对象,在集成式反应器主反应区实现了同步硝化反硝化(SND)脱氮.考察了集成式反应器对低C/N比污水的脱氮效能.结果表明:DO=1.4~1.7mg/L,总HRT=18h(主反应区HRT=7.2h),C/N=5时,NH+4-N可从15±2mg/L平均降至2.5mg/L,总氮可以从20±2mg/L平均降至3.4mg/L,TN处理负荷可达0.13kg TN/(m3·d),较同类低C/N比污水脱氮系统高;相同条件下连续运行时,出水NH+4-N和TN浓度稳定在0.8~3.0mg/L和1.4~4.7mg/L,去除率在80.2%~94.9%和76.5%~93.2%.以Monod方程为基础通过物料衡算求解出SND动力学方程并求得硝化过程氨氮饱和常数KNH4-N+=1.34mg/L,氨氮降解反应级数n=0.622 4,反硝化过程硝酸盐氮饱和常数KNO3-N-=0.71mg/L.分析表明:该SND系统内生物量充足、活性高,生物降解效率受底物浓度限制小,集成式反应器结构合理,可实现小水量低C/N比生活污水深度脱氮,为我国中小城镇生活污水深度处理提供技术支持和理论依据.     

垃圾渗滤液厌氧BF/好氧MBR工艺的脱氮特性

采用厌氧生物滤池(BF)与好氧膜生物反应器(MBR)组合工艺,以实际垃圾渗滤液为处理对象,在连续进水条件下,考察该工艺在处理垃圾渗滤液时,进水稀释倍率、厌氧/好氧(A/O)回流比和C/N比值对其硝化与反硝化特性的影响.结果表明,在处理稀释10倍的渗滤液时,氨氮和总氮的平均去除率分别稳定在90%和65%附近,回流比和C/N比值对好氧的硝化与厌氧反硝化反应的影响很小;在处理稀释5倍的渗滤液时,提高C/N比值能使厌氧反硝化能力增强,有效地消除亚硝氮的积累.渗滤液中有较高的浓度的氨氮与有机物负荷,容易对硝酸化菌产生抑制作用,使膜出水的亚硝氮积累明显,氨氮和总氮平均去除率分别稳定在69%～78%和46%～50%.     

垃圾渗滤液短程硝化反硝化中试研究

采用两级A/O-MBR中试装置构建短程硝化反硝化系统,并用于处理实际垃圾渗滤液。考察了系统在不同进水C/N比值下对污染物的去除效果,并分析了各生化单元中氨氮、硝氮、亚硝氮和总氮的变化情况。结果表明,短程硝化反硝化系统在进水C/N比值为3时,具有最佳的脱氮除碳效果,对化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮、总氮的去除率分别达到79%、99.2%和92%,具有良好的应用前景。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-