维甲酸诱导人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞分化过程中核基质构型及其蛋白质组成变化观察

应用选择性抽提、整装透射电镜观察和双向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,分析维甲酸诱导处理前后人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞核基质-中间纤维系统的构型变化,以及核基质蛋白表达变化.实验结果显示MG-63细胞核基质和中间纤维数量较少、分布不均匀,核纤层为薄厚不一结构,与两类纤维联系不密切.经1 μmol/L维甲酸处理后,细胞核基质纤维和中间纤维数量增多、结构层次丰富、单丝成分多,分布均匀并相互交织成规则网络,两类纤维通过薄层均一的核纤层发生密切联系,形成贯穿整个细胞核质区域的完整体系.此外,核基质蛋白表达也发生显著变化.表明经维甲酸诱导处理后MG-63的核基质-中间纤维系统产生了与正常细胞相似的恢复性改变,并且伴有核基质蛋白表达的差异.这些变化是癌细胞恶性表型逆转的重要特征和功能表现,对于揭示核基质构型及其蛋白组成与细胞癌变和逆转的关系和阐明细胞增殖分化的基因表达调控原理,均具有重要意义.     

葡萄糖饥饿对HeLa细胞形态与结构的影响

为了探究葡萄糖饥饿对HeLa细胞形态与结构的影响,采用噻唑蓝法检测了细胞活力;用倒置显微镜、荧光显微镜和电子显微镜观察了细胞形态与结构的变化;采用激光共聚焦免疫荧光技术观察了细胞微丝与微管的分布.结果表明:葡萄糖饥饿能够抑制HeLa细胞增殖,破坏细胞骨架,改变细胞形态;使细胞皱缩、染色质凝集,出现凋亡小体,微丝微管解聚,表现出典型的凋亡特征,且细胞凋亡程度呈葡萄糖浓度依赖性和处理时间依赖性.总之,葡萄糖饥饿能抑制HeLa细胞活性,改变细胞形态,诱导细胞凋亡.     

视黄酸对胃癌细胞NM—IF系统变化的影响

选择性抽提整装扫描与透射电镜观察显示,人胃腺癌ＭＧｃ８０－３细胞核骨架纤维和中间纤维数量较少、分布不均匀,核纤层为厚薄不一结构,与两类纤维联系不密切．经１０－６ｍｏｌ／ＬＲＡ处理后,细胞核骨架纤维和中间纤维数量增多、结构层次丰富,分布均匀并相互交织成规则网络,两类纤维通过薄层均一的核纤层发生密切联系,形成贯穿整个细胞核质区域的完整体系．表明经ＲＡ诱导处理后ＭＧｃ８０－３细胞的核骨架－中间纤维系统产生了与正常细胞相似的恢复性改变．这种变化是癌细胞恶性表型逆转的重要形态特征和功能表现．     

维甲酸诱导人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞分化过程中核基质构型及其蛋白质组成变化观察

应用选择性抽提、整装透射电镜观察和双向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术，分析维甲酸诱导处理前后人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞核基质-中间纤维系统的构型变化，以及核基质蛋白表达变化．实验结果显示MG-63细胞核基质和中间纤维数景较少、分布不均匀，核纤层为薄厚不一结构，与两类纤维联系不密切．经1μmol／L维甲酸处理后，细胞核基质纤维和中间纤维数量增多、结构层次丰富、单丝成分多，分布均匀并相互交织成规则网络，两类纤维通过薄层均一的核纤层发生密切联系，形成贯穿整个细胞核质区域的完整体系．此外，核基质蛋白表达也发生显著变化．表明经维甲酸诱导处理后MG-63的核基质-中间纤维系统产生了与正常细胞相似的恢复性改变，并且伴有核基质蛋白表达的差异．这些变化是癌细胞恶性表型逆转的重要特征和功能表现，对于揭示核基质构型及其蛋白组成与细胞癌变和逆转的关系和阐明细胞增殖分化的基因表达调控原理，均具有重要意义．     

HMBA对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞核基质-中间纤维系统构型的影响

应用选择性抽提,整装光镜和电镜样品制备技术,观察人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞经HMBA处理后核基质-中间纤维系统的变化.经HMBA诱导处理后,人肝癌细胞核基质纤维和中间纤维数量增多,结构层次丰富,分布均匀,并通过核纤层使3种纤维之间形成紧密联系.结果表明人肝癌细胞在诱导分化过程中核基质-中间纤维系统构型发生明显变化,对肿瘤细胞恶性表型逆转变化具有重要影响.     

HMBA对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞核基质-中间纤维系统构型的影响

应用选择性抽提，整装光镜和电镜样品制备技术，观察人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞经HMBA处理后核基质-中间纤维系统的变化．经HMBA诱导处理后，人肝癌细胞核基质纤维和中间纤维数量增多，结构层次丰富，分布均匀，并通过核纤层使3种纤维之间形成紧密联系．结果表明人肝癌细胞在诱导分化过程中核基质-中间纤维系统构型发生明显变化，对肿瘤细胞恶性表型逆转变化具有重要影响．     

包囊游仆虫无性生殖周期中细胞结构的研究

包囊游仆虫表膜含有质膜和表膜泡。表膜下纵纤维层中其腹面由单根微管纵向排列组成，背面由每三根微管形成“品”字形微管单元，背面银线网是一种真实的嗜银结构，它可能是表膜泡结构间隙中的沉积物；细胞皮层中非纤毛器细胞骨架主要包括束状、网状骨架系统以及其他一些微管束，纤毛器细胞骨架其基体间含有托架及其连接纤维，基体并向细胞质放射出纤维。另外，小根纤维由多根微管在一起组成，基体及有关微管纤维形成具有不同的连接方     

钙调素拮抗剂TFP对Hela细胞微丝及波形纤维蛋…

利用钙调素拮抗剂三氟拉素（ＴＦＰ）及微管的不同聚合状态对Ｈｅｌａ细胞微细及波形纤维白分布的影响进行了。Ｈｅｌａ细胞微丝明显解聚，而波形纤维蛋白则密集分布在细胞一侧。细胞经ＴＦＰ处理２ｄ后，可见微丝分布的恢复，而波形纤维蛋白分布则变得分散，并向质膜延伸，但对ＴＦＰ处理２ｄ后的细胞用低温（２－４℃）处理，使微管解聚，或以紫杉酚处理２４ｈ，使微管高度聚集以破坏其微客网络系统时，微丝则随之发生明显的解聚现     

钙调素拮抗剂TFP对Hela细胞微丝及波形纤维蛋白分布的影响

利用钙调素拮抗剂三氟拉嗪（ＴＦＰ）及微管的不同聚合状态对Ｈｅｌａ细胞微丝及波形纤维蛋白分布的影响进行了研究。Ｈｅｌａ细胞微丝明显解聚，而波形纤维蛋白则密集分布在细胞核一侧。细胞经ＴＦＰ处理２ｄ后，可见微丝分布的恢复，而波形纤维蛋白分布则变得分散，并向质膜延伸。但对ＴＦＰ处理２ｄ后的细胞用低温（２～４℃）处理，使微管解聚，或以紫杉酚（ｔａｘｏｌ）处理２４ｈ，使微管高度聚集以破坏其微管网络系统时，微丝则随之发生明显的解聚现象，而波形纤维蛋白又恢复为密集分布于细胞核一侧的状态。若在低温处理前加ｔａｘｏｌ预处理１．５ｈ，以稳定微管时，此时在细胞周边仍可见微丝存在，波形纤维蛋白仍保持其分散分布状态。结果表明经ＴＦＰ处理的Ｈｅｌａ细胞微丝及波形纤维蛋白分布的变化可能与微管分布的改变具有一定的联系。     

小鼠Friend细胞诱导分化过程中对纤粘蛋白亲和性的研究

实验中观察到外源性纤维粘连蛋白(FN)可明显增强小鼠Friend红白血病(MEL)细胞的贴壁和铺展,许多细胞的形态改变为梭形,成纤维细胞样及上皮细胞样等类型,外源性FN可诱导MEL细胞微丝的恢复,微丝的恢复与使细胞增强贴壁和铺展有密切联系.外源性FN诱导MEL细胞贴壁和铺展以及表型改变的机理在于其细胞表面的FN受体与外源性FN的结合反应.但MEL细胞经HMBA诱导分化后,则丧失对外源性FN在细胞贴壁、铺展、表型改变及恢复微丝组装等方面的能力.这种差别可以为鉴别细胞转化和分化提供一种依据,并为进一步研究细胞转化与外基质之间相互关系及其机理提供线索.     

Redistribution of intermediate filaments during capping of lymphocyte surface molecules

Intermediate filaments (IF) constitute a major cytoplasmic filamentous network of higher eukaryotic cells that is distinct from actin and myosin microfilaments or microtubules. Although structurally similar, these filaments are formed by chemically and antigenically different proteins. Vimentin is the major IF polypeptide of mesenchymal cells and cultured non-mesenchymal cell lines. Recently, we have characterized a monoclonal IgM antibody from a patient with Waldenstr?m's macroglobulinaemia which is directed against vimentin. Using this monoclonal antibody, we have shown by direct immunofluorescence that intermediate filaments of human B and T lymphocytes consist of vimentin. In cells exposed to colcemid, the intermediate filaments retracted into a juxtanuclear aggregate ('coli') characteristic of vimentin filaments. As most components of the cytoskeleton, especially actin and myosin, have been implicated in the capping phenomenon, we investigated the effect of capping of either beta 2-microglobulin or membrane immunoglobulins on the organization of the intermediate filament network. We report that capping of these surface molecules induced the redistribution of vimentin just beneath the cap. When colcemid-treated cells were allowed to cap, the location of the cap always coincided with the coil, suggesting that the anchorage point of intermediate filaments is situated within the uropod.     

双丁酰环腺苷酸对人胃腺癌体外培养细胞DNA合成的影响

应用~3H-TdR光镜和电镜放射自显影观察表明,MGc80-3 细胞标记指数达31.51％,标记银粒集中于分裂间期的S期细胞核中,细胞核呈重标记状态,绝大多数标记银粒分布于细胞核常染色质区域,少数见于核孔附近的常染色质或核孔附近的细胞质中,核仁未见标记,显示细胞内 DNA合成十分活跃。但经 dBcAMP诱导后,标记指数则降至 4.35％,细胞核呈弱标记状态,电镜放射自显影则未在细胞核内见到标记银粒,表明其DNA合成受到明显抑制。这种变化是由于dBcAMP诱导胃癌细胞内cAMP水平提高而实现的,认为DNA合成抑制是导致MGc80-3细胞走向分化的一个重要原因,对于癌变细胞恶性表型逆转具有重要作用。     

Coalignment of vimentin intermediate filaments with microtubules depends on kinesin.

Intermediate filaments in most types of cultured cells coalign with microtubules. Depolymerization of microtubules results in collapse of vimentin and desmin intermediate filaments to the nucleus where they form a perinuclear cap. Collapse can also be induced by microinjection of antibodies against intermediate filament or microtubule proteins. Thus, two filament systems interact with each other. But the molecules mediating this interaction are unknown. One of the candidates for this role is a microtubule motor kinesin. Recent data showed that kinesin is involved in the plus end-directed movement of the membranous organelles along microtubules such as radial extension of lysosomes in macrophages and centrifugal movement of pigment in melanophores. Here we report that injection of the anti-kinesin antibody into human fibroblasts results in the redistribution of intermediate filaments to a tight perinuclear aggregate but had no effect on the distribution of microtubules. Thus, kinesin is involved not only in organelle movement but also in interaction of the two major cytoskeletal systems, intermediate filaments and microtubules.     

鸭胚B淋巴细胞中间纤维的研究

从26天北京鸭胚胎的腔上囊中分离B淋巴细胞。应用细胞选择性系列抽提方法与DGD包埋——去包埋剂的电镜制样技术相结合,显示出了B细胞的中间纤维的超微结构及分布特点:纤维致密交织呈网络状,其特点是均匀地遍布于整个胞质空间,纤维单丝直径在9—11nm。间接免疫荧光实验结果表明,B细胞的胞质对波形蛋白单抗呈阳性反应,且也显示出了波形纤维呈网络状的结构形式。本文采用单向电泳、双向电泳和蛋白质免疫印迹技术,证实了B细胞中间纤维波形蛋白的分子量约为55KD。     

Cytochalasin D does not produce net depolymerization of actin filaments in HEp-2 cells

The altered morphology, disappearance or 'disruption' of actin filaments (microfilaments) in cells treated with cytochalasin has sometimes been attributed to depolymerization of filamentous actin (F-actin) to its globular subunit (G-actin), but attempts to confirm that mechanism have been inconclusive. Treatment of purified actin filaments with cytochalasin B (CB) decreased their viscosity, consistent with depolymerization, which was not, however, revealed by electron microscopy, although the filaments appeared abnormal. CB also increased the ATP-ase activity of F-actin, suggesting that it had been destabilized, while actin filaments in the acrosomal process were not depolymerized. CB or cytochalasin D (CD) can dissolve actin gels (reviewed in ref. 7, see also refs 8 and 9) without depolymerizing their filaments. The 'disrupted' actin structures in CD-treated cells bound heavy meromysin, indicating that at least some of the cellular actin was filamentous. Using a rapid assay for G- and F-actin in cell extracts, based on the inhibition of DNase I, we have found that neither short-nor long-term exposure of HEp-2 cells to CD produce net depolymerization of actin filaments.     

小麦根尖细胞分化过程中微丝骨架分布格局

以异硫氰四甲基若丹明－鬼笔环肽为探针,对小麦根尖三个不同发育区－分生区、伸长区和成熟区细胞中肌动蛋白纤丝（ＡＦｓ）的分布格局进行荧光显微观察和分析。结果表明：分生区细胞中细胞核为ＡＦｓ网络包围,细胞周缘有ＡＦｓ密集分布,胞质皮层中有ＡＦｓ有广泛均匀的分布;伸长区细胞中细胞核亦为网络包围,并明显可见ＡＦｓ成束由核周围向四处辐射直到细胞周质,且与分布于细胞边缘的ＡＦｓ汇集;成熟区细胞中伴随着核移向细胞     

Interaction of plasma membrane fibronectin receptor with talin--a transmembrane linkage

Many observations suggest the presence of transmembrane linkages between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. In fibroblasts both light and electron microscopic observations reveal a co-alignment between actin filaments at the cell surface and extracellular fibronectin. These associations are seen at sites of cell matrix interaction, frequently along stress fibres and sometimes where these bundles of microfilaments terminate at adhesion plaques (focal contacts). Non-morphological evidence also indicates a functional linkage between the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. Addition of fibronectin to transformed cells induces flattening of the cells and a reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, with the concomitant appearance of arrays of stress fibres. Conversely, disruption of the actin cytoskeleton by treatment with cytochalasin B leads to release of fibronectin from the cell surface. As yet, there is no detailed knowledge of the molecules involved in this transmembrane linkage, although several proteins have been suggested as candidates in the chain of attachment between bundles of actin filaments and the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane: these include vinculin, alpha-actinin and talin, each one having been identified at regions where bundles of actin filaments interact with the plasma membrane and underlying cell-surface fibronectin. Recently, the cell-substrate attachment (CSAT) antigen has been identified as a plasma membrane receptor for fibronectin, raising the possibility that this glycoprotein complex may serve as a bridge between fibronectin and one or more of the underlying cytoskeletal components mentioned. Here we have investigated the interaction of the purified CSAT antigen with these cytoskeletal components, and we demonstrate an interaction specifically between the CSAT antigen and talin.     

Roles for microtubule and microfilament cytoskeletons in animal cell cytokinesis

Microtubule and microfilament cytoskeletons play key roles in the whole process of cytokinesis. Although a number of hypotheses have been proposed to elucidate the mechanism of cytokinesis by microtubule and actin flament cytoskeletons, many reports are conflicting. In our study,combining the cytoskeletons drug treatments with the time-lapse video technology, we retested the key roles of microtubule and actin filament in cytokinesis. The results showed that depolymerization of microtubules by Nocodazole after the initiation of furrowing would not inhibit the furrow ingression, but obviously decrease the stiffness of daughter cells. Depolymerizing actin filaments by Cytochalasin B before metaphase would inhibit the initiation of furrowing but not chromosome segregation, resulting in the formation of binucleate cells; however, depolymerizing actin fillaments during anaphase would prevent furrowing and lead to the regress of established furrow, also resulting in the formation of binucleate cells. Further, depolymerizing microtubules and actin filaments simultaneously after metaphase would cause the quick regress of the furrow and the formation of binudeate cells. From these results we propose that a successful cytokinesis requires functions and coordination of both the microtubule and actin filament cytoskeletons.Microtubule cytoskeleton may function in the positioning and initiation of cleavage furrow, and the actin filament cytoskeleton may play key roles in the initiation and ingression of the furrow.     

人肝癌细胞骨架网络系统的初步研究

利用ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００及其联合（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４的抽提技术与ＣｏｏｍａｓｉｅｂｌｕｅＲ２５０染色、免疫酶标技术相结合，体外实验比较研究人肝癌细胞系（ＨｅｐＧ２）细胞骨架网络的分布构像及其中间纤维蛋白构型。结果：人肝癌细胞系（ＨｅｐＧ２）显示其细胞骨架网络的分布构像及其中间纤维对Ｖｉｍｅｎｔｉｎ、Ｋｅｒａｔｉｎ两种抗体均呈现阳性反应。结论：恶性肿瘤细胞的中间纤维蛋白构型可能具有异质性的蛋白分子共表达，这对仅以ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００加（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４的抽提技术进行恶性肿瘤细胞中间纤维蛋白构型分析，是一个必需考虑的问题。