纳米SiO2-Al2O3聚酰亚胺杂化薄膜的制备及表征

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了二氧化硅及三氧化二铝溶胶,将其掺入聚酰胺酸基体中,得到SiO2-Al2O3聚酰亚胺杂化薄膜,对膜的结构性能进行了研究和表征.结果表明,薄膜材料中SiO2和Al2O3粒子分散均匀,与有机相存在键合,材料热分解温度有所提高.     

聚酰亚胺/无机物纳米杂化材料的研究I.聚酰亚胺(HQDPA/DMMDA)-TiO2纳米杂化物的合成与表征

将钛酸丁酯经乙酸修饰改性和稳定化后在杂化过程中用作ＴｉＯ２前体,采用溶胶－凝胶法由可溶性业胺（ＨＱＤＰＡ／ＤＭＭＤ七经修饰改性的钛酸丁酯溶液混合成与表征进而制得聚酰亚胺－ＴｉＯ２杂化材料,ＸＰＳ分析表明钛酸丁酯已转化成ＴｉＯ２,ＴＥＭ则显示ＴｉＯ２以球状微粒均匀分散在聚酰亚胺基体中,粒径为３０～６０ｎｍ,含１０％ＴｉＯ２的杂化膜是具有高热稳定性与韧性的薄膜,其介电常数为３．５。     

聚酰亚胺／二氧化硅杂化薄膜性能研究

研究了改性纳米二氧化硅对聚酰亚胺薄膜性能的影响。采用DSC,TG和DMA对薄膜热性能进行分析。热分析的结果表明,纳米二氧化硅的含量对聚酰亚胺的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）和耐热性能基本没有影响。DMA的结果还表明,二氧化硅含量越高,薄膜的储存模量越高。TEM分析表明,在聚酰亚胺中存在较大二氧化硅聚集体。     

聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅杂化薄膜的制备与性能研究

首先将3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷接枝到纳米二氧化硅表面,制得表面含有氨基的改性纳米二氧化硅粒子(A—SiO2)。再将A—SiO2按不同比例与酐封端的聚酰胺酸进行反应,最后经热酰胺化过程,得到一系列聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅杂化膜。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、紫外光谱(UV-vis)、热重分析(TGA)、动态机械热分析仪和扫描电镜(SEM)对合成的聚酰亚胺及其二氧化硅杂化薄膜进行了表征。UV-vis光谱表明,通过向聚酰亚胺薄膜中添加A—SiO2可以改变聚酰亚胺薄膜的透光性。TGA测试结果表明,随着A—SiO2含量的增加,聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅杂化薄膜的热稳定性有所提高。由机械性能测试可知,当A—SiO2掺杂量小于1.5%时,聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅杂化膜的机械性能优于纯聚酰亚胺的机械性能,当A—SiO2的掺杂量大于2.0%时,聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅杂化膜的机械性能比纯聚酰亚胺的机械性能差。SEM分析可知当A—SiO2粒子含量小于1.5%时,其在聚酰亚胺基体中分散均匀,当含量大于2.0%时,体系出现明显团聚现象。     

硅氧烷成分对PI/SiO_2纳米杂化材料性能的影响

介绍了利用溶胶 凝胶方法 ,采用不同的聚酰胺酸 (PAA)与已水解的正硅酸乙酯 (TEOS)混合 ,制备了一系列性能不同的聚酰亚胺 /二氧化硅纳米杂化材料 ,通过热失重分析、DSC分析 ,研究了二氧化硅的加入对聚合物耐热性能的影响     

光学透明、低热膨胀性的甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合薄膜

 通过化学预处理和机械处理的方法制备出甲壳素纳米纤维,再利用真空抽滤的方法制备出甲壳素纳米纤维膜,将所得的纳米纤维素浸渍到聚醚砜树脂中,制备了甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合薄膜。采用场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）对机械处理的甲壳素纳米纤维的形态特征进行表征。采用紫外光分光光度计、热机械分析仪（TMA）分别对甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合膜的透光性、热膨胀性做分析,用万能力学试验机测试甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合膜的拉伸性能。结果表明,机械处理后,甲壳素纤维达到纳米级别,随机械处理手段增加,甲壳素纳米纤维直径逐步变小。甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合薄膜保持了较高的透光率,对比树脂材料,热稳定性和力学强度明显增强,是一种具有高透光性、低热膨胀性的复合膜,在光学基底材料、显示器等方面具有较大的应用潜力。     

大豆分离蛋白/二氧化硅改性水性聚氨酯膜性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了大豆分离蛋白/二氧化硅杂化溶胶,并应用于水性聚氨酯的改性.采用流延法制备大豆分离蛋白/二氧化硅/水性聚氨酯共混膜,红外光谱研究表明大豆分离蛋白、二氧化硅和水性聚氨酯间发生了多层次的氢键作用,以膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和溶失率为指标,研究了各组分混配比例对共混膜力学性能及耐溶剂性能的影响.通过接触角、热重分析、扫描电镜和原子力显微镜分析讨论了共混膜的亲水亲油性、耐热性能,以及膜表面的形态形貌.结果表明,大豆分离蛋白/二氧化硅添加量为6％（质量分数）、两者之间质量比为1∶1时,改性膜的力学性能最优,耐溶剂性随添加量增加而改善.     

Improvement of corrosion performance of 316L stainless steel via PVTMS/henna thin film

Metallic materials are the most used materials as orthopedic or dental implants due to their excellent mechanical properties. However they are not able to create a natural bonding with the mineralized bone and occasionally suffer localized corrosion. This work describes the electrochemical behavior of a hybrid sol–gel thin film with the addition of green inhibitor. These films enhance the ability of the implant to make a union with the existing bone and improve its resistance to aggressive environment. An ethanol solution of the polymerized vinyltrimethoxysilane (PVTMS) was mixed with an aqueous solution of henna extract (Lawsonia inermis) and refluxed to give homogeneous sols. Nanostructure hybrid PVTMS/henna thin films were deposited on the stainless steel 316L by spin-coating. The morphology, composition and adhesion of hybrid sol–gel coatings have been examined by SEM, EDX and pull-off test, respectively. Addition of high additive concentrations (0.1%) did not disorganize the sol–gel network. Direct pull-off test recorded a mean coating-substrate bonding strength larger than 20.6 MPa for the hybrid sol–gel coating. The effect of henna extract, with various added concentrations from 0.012% to 0.1%, on the anticorrosion properties of sol–gel films have been characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution and has been compared to the bare metal. Henna extract additions (0.05%) have significantly increased the corrosion protection of the sol–gel thin film to higher than 90%. The in vitro bioactivity of prepared films indicates that hydroxyapatite nuclei can form and grow on the surface of the doped sol–gel thin films. The present study shows that due to their excellent anticorrosion properties, bioactivity and bonding strength to substrate, doped sol–gel thin films are practical hybrid films in biomedical applications.     

聚氨酯改性聚氯乙烯复合乳液树脂的研究

由甲苯二异氰酸酯、聚醚和二羟甲基丙酸合成了自乳化阴离子水性聚氨酯(PU),以此为种子在高压釜中进行氯乙烯原位接枝共聚制备PU/PVC复合乳液树脂.考察了不同分子量PU对PU/PVC复合材料力学性能以及耐热稳定性能的影响,通过激光粒度分析仪、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等手段,对复合胶乳粒子及其复合材料进行了测试和表征.结果表明:PU/PVC复合胶乳粒子具有较为清晰的规整核壳结构;综合力学性能提高,但热稳定性有所下降;经PU改性的PVC复合材料的断面表现为明显的韧性断裂.     

聚酰亚胺／二氧化硅纳米杂化材料制备

通过溶胶－凝胶方法（sol-gel）,利用已水解的正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）与芳香族的聚酰胺酸（PAA）溶液混和,制备出了不同二氧化硅含量的杂化薄膜。在实验中,首次采用偶联剂来提高无机组分二氧化硅与有机组分聚酰胺酸的相容性,制备各种二氧化硅含量的有机－无机透明的杂化薄膜。扫描电镜分析结果表明,杂化膜的微观相结构与二氧化硅的含量、偶联剂的加入有关。     

自由基/阳离子混杂光固化粉末涂料性能研究

以丙烯酸酯树脂和环氧树脂为主要原料,加入一定量的阳离子光引发剂二芳基碘六氟锑酸盐、自由基光引发剂Irgacure2959及助剂配制成混杂光固化粉末涂料。用紫外光谱分析了引发剂的吸收光谱范围,并用红外光谱、热重分析以及甲乙酮失重率的方法从转化率、热稳定性方面对混杂体系与自由基体系和阳离子体系进行了比较。研究了不同引发剂含量和不同曝 光时间对混杂体系固化性能的影响,测试了各体系的涂膜力学性能。结果表明,混杂体系在 固化过程中整体转化率高于阳离子体系和自由基体系。混杂体系引发剂质量分数为2%,曝光 时间为80s时固化效果最好,此时混杂体系固化膜凝胶含量达到87.7%,柔韧性为2mm, 抗冲击强度40kg·cm,硬度3H,附着力0级。相对于阳离子体系来说,混杂体系固化膜在热稳定性和力学性能上都有明显提高。     

摩擦材料基体树脂的杂化改性

采用原位聚合法合成了纳米坡缕石杂化树脂复合材料。用IR、TEM和TG/DTA技术,研究了杂化改性酚醛的结构和热稳定性能。结果表明:经表面处理的纳米粒子能较好地分散到树脂基体中,纳米粒径为30-200 nm.纳米坡缕石杂化树脂复合材料具有优异的热稳定性,较高的残碳率,达到绿色编织型制动带对基体树脂性能的要求。     

Deterioration Process of the Hybrid Films during Wear Test——Polyacrylate Emulsion Modified by Silica Particles

The hybrid materials are widely used in various fields for excellent performance. However, there are few researches studying their failure process. In order to prepare the hybrid materials with better performance, the failure process needs to be well studied. Two kinds of silica/polyacrylate films are successfully prepared to study the effect of organic-inorganic interaction on performance. The average diameter of silica particles is measured to be around 342 nm by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Wear test demonstrates the hybrid film, which is obtained by grafting polyacrylate onto silica particles, possesses more excellent properties than the one filled directly with silica particles. The stronger interaction between organic and inorganic components leads to a better distribution of inorganic particles within the polymer matrix. In this work, a model is presented to illustrate the deterioration process of the hybrid films, which allows us to further understand the hybrid materials.     

Graphene-based hybrid materials and their applications in energy storage and conversion

Graphene attracts more and more scientists and researchers owing to its superior electronic,thermal,and mechanical properties.For material scientists,graphene is a kind of versatile building blocks,and considerable progress has been made in recent years.Graphene-based hybrid materials have been prepared by incorporating inorganic species and/or cross-linking of organic species through covalent and/or noncovalent interactions.The graphene-based hybrid materials show improved or excellent performance in various fields.In this review,we summarize the synthesis of graphene and graphene-based hybrid materials,and their applications in energy storage and conversion.     

金属有机络合物共混二苯酮型聚酰亚胺气体分离膜材料的研究

在二苯酮型聚酰亚胺中混入过渡金属有机络合物添加剂,制备出了新型气体分离膜材料,并研究了添加剂对聚酰亚胺膜结构和各项性能的影响。结果表明,添加剂的加入不影响膜材料的机械性能、耐热性能和耐溶剂性能,但增大了聚合物分子链的间距和自由体积,并使气体的透过速率得以提高而气体的透气选择性变化不大。这说明添加过渡金属络合物是改进气体分离膜性能的有效手段。     

填充型聚氨酯弹性体的合成及性能研究

以聚醚N210、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI-80)为原料,MOCA为扩链剂,分别添加无机填料(石英粉、玻璃粉、煤沥青)和有机填料(环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺、羟基氯醋)合成填充型聚氨酯弹性体,考察了不同填料与不同添加量对聚氨酯弹性体的黏度、力学性能、热性能的影响。结果表明:填料的加入可在一定程度上提高体系的热稳定性;添加质量分数5%的环氧树脂所合成的聚氨酯弹性体,其力学性能提高最为明显。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备二氧化硅陶瓷纤维的研究

以正硅酸乙酯(Si(OC2H5)4,TEOS)为原料,盐酸为催化剂制备二氧化硅(SiO2)溶胶,与二醋酸纤维素(SCA)成纤助剂均匀混合制备纺丝液,干法纺丝制备连续SiO2凝胶纤维,最后在空气中热解得到SiO2纤维.SCA显著提高了纺丝液的稳定性,在室温下保存24 h以上也不发生显著变化,克服了普通溶胶在可纺丝黏度范围内稳定性差、可纺丝时间短的缺点.研究了不同H2O/TEOS比例对可纺性的影响.结果表明,当摩尔比为3/1时,纺丝液具有优良的纺丝性,同时实现溶胶稳定性和陶瓷产率的合理优化.通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、力学性能测量对纤维进行了表征.     

环氧/聚有机硅倍半氧烷杂化材料的制备及性能

为改进目前环氧LED封装材料柔性差、有机硅改性环氧树脂需要高温固化等缺点,采用紫外(UV)固化技术,将环氧树脂与含环氧基团聚有机硅倍半氧烷交联杂化,制备了环氧/聚有机硅倍半氧烷杂化膜材料,并通过13 C-NMR、29 Si-NMR、SEM、FTIR、TGA和UV-vis等研究了UV固化对环氧/聚有机硅倍半氧烷杂化膜材料的结构及性能的影响。结果表明,聚有机硅倍半氧烷与环氧树脂在紫外固化过程中,快速原位杂化形成环氧/聚有机硅倍半氧烷杂化膜材料,没有相分离,获得的环氧/聚有机硅倍半氧烷杂化膜材料具有透过率高、耐高温、耐紫外、附着力好等特点,可用于LED封装材料、电子封装材料等光电领域。     

Synthesis and Characterization of New Polyimide Containing Calix[4]arenes in the Polymer Backbone with Transport Ability

New polyimide containing calix [4] arene moieties on the polymer backbone was successfully synthesized in N- methy1 - 2 - pyrrolidone （NMP） by polycondensations of 3, 3＇, 4, 4＇- oxydiphthalic anhydride （ODPA） with the diaminocalix[4]arene monomer using 3,3＇- dimethy1- 4, 4＇- The polyimide prepared is soluble in common solvents, such as NMP, DMAc, DMF and chloroform. The polyimide films obtained have excellent thermal stability and mechanical property. At the same time, the liquid membrane transport of potassium ions by the new polyimide was investigated, which testified that compared to ODPA-DADPM polyimide, the polyimide containing culix[4] arenes has the transport ability to metal ions in regard to bulky, cone-like calix [-4] arene moieties.     

Sol-Gel法制备PI/SiO2纳米复合薄膜及结构与性能

采用溶胶凝胶法（Sol-Gel）制备了二氧化硅不同质量分数的聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅（PI/SiO₂）纳米复合薄膜。并用TEM、力学性能、吸水性能及介电性能测试等方法研究了薄膜的结构与性能。结果表明，SiO₂微粒均匀分散在PI基体中，粒径随着SiO₂含量的增加而增大；当SiO₂质量分数在20%以内时对PI基体有增强作用，且在10%左右拉伸强度达到最大，而吸水率逐渐减小，介电常数则变化不大。