温压过程致密化机制探讨

从温压的压制压力、压制温度、压坯中铁粉颗粒的显微硬度和润滑剂在压坯中的分布等方面对温压过程致密化机制作了分析．结果表明,温压过程中铁粉的固结规律基本上与传统压制过程的相同．温压压坯密度比传统压制提高的值相当于相同压制压力下有效压制压力的增大．温压温度的作用在于延缓铁粉压制过程的加工硬化程度和提高铁粉的塑性变形能力．润滑剂在最佳的温压温度下具有粘流性,部分被挤出压坯,有效地减小铁粉颗粒之间及颗粒与模壁之间的摩擦,降低了脱模压力．     

铁基粉末的流动温压行为

为探讨流动温压工艺对铁基粉末成形的效果,采用自行设计的流动温压测试系统,研究了雾化铁粉与细羰基铁粉的混合粉末的流动温压行为.研究显示:与常温压制相比,流动温压过程中的侧压力随横向距离的增加下降趋势更为缓慢,特别是在常规粉末成形压力600～700MPa下具有比常温压制更高的侧压系数,即在相同位置处具有更高的侧压力和致密度;以聚乙二醇(PEG)作为铁粉的粘结剂时,最佳压制温度、压制速度分别为62℃、240mm/min,适宜的PEG含量为2%～3%;在流动温压条件下,粘结剂将金属粉末包覆并粘结在一起,改善了金属粉末的填充能力,并提高了润滑膜的承载能力,从而改善了粉末的压力传递效果,可成形形状较为复杂且具有较高致密度的粉末冶金零件.     

铁粉表面硫化处理制备高密度Fe-Cu-C合金

突破常规铁基粉末合金的制备工艺,设计出一种制备高密度Fe-Cu-C合金的新工艺.通过对铁粉表面进行硫化处理,Fe与S反应合成FeS,均匀包覆在Fe粉颗粒表面,形成一层FeS润滑薄膜,有利于降低压制摩擦力.通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、和场发射扫描电镜分析研究材料的物相、元素分布和显微组织.研究结果表明:包覆在铁粉颗粒表面的FeS薄膜,有利于提高压坯密度,活化烧结.当S质量分数为0.5%时,硫化处理的Fe-2Cu-0.8C合金的力学性能优异,压坯密度7.31 g·cm-3,硬度78.6 HRB,抗拉强度485 MPa;当S质量分数达到0.8%时,多余的FeS占压制体积分数,导致试样的压坯密度降低,力学性能降低.     

含Fe-Mo-B预合金粉铁基合金的温压成形与液相烧结

研究了含Fe-Mo-B预合金粉的铁基合金的温压和液相烧结行为,分析了成形温度和压制压力对压坯密度的影响,对比了不同Fe-Mo-B预合金粉含量下烧结前后试样的密度和显微组织. 结果表明:与常温成形相比,温压能够明显提高压坯密度,在120℃时含10%和15.4% Fe-Mo-B预合金粉的压坯密度分别提高0.34g·cm-3和0.32g·cm-3;混合粉中加入一定量的Fe-Mo-B预合金粉,压坯烧结时可形成液相烧结,促进材料的致密化,密度最大可达7.49g·cm-3,其相对密度为97.74%,并可获得典型的贝氏体组织.     

WC/45钢复合材料的温压烧结工艺及其磨损性能

选取尺寸为0．076～0．100mm的WC颗粒为增强相，45钢为基体，系统地研究了粉末冶金真空烧结法制备颗粒增强钢基复合材料的温压烧结工艺，考察了常温压制烧结和温压烧结两种工艺条件下材料的滑动摩擦磨损性能．结果表明：对于509／6WC 50E钢(质量分数)粉末，采用硬脂酸锌作润滑剂，在压制温度为140℃、压力为320kN时，得到了较为理想的压坯密度(9．4362g／cm^3)，其相对密度达到91．6％，比常温压制的压坯密度(9．1292g／cm^3)提高了3．4％．销盘磨损试验结果表明：温压试样的耐磨性分别是15Cr高铬铸铁的2．9倍，20Cr高铬铸铁的2．6倍，同样工艺条件下常温压制试样的2．8倍，通过扫描电镜分析了复合材料的磨损机理。     

温压粉末原料的设计

温压粉末原料是采用温压成形技术制造高密度粉末冶金零件的基础和温压工艺的技术核心．高价格的进口温压粉末制约了我国高密度铁基粉末冶金零件的开发与应用,因此,必须开发出符合我国国情的温压粉末原料体系．作者根据我国资源特点,采用鞍钢产水雾化铁粉、水雾化低合金钢粉和攀枝花钢铁公司产转炉烟尘铁粉为原料,进行了制备相应体系的温压粉末原料和温压工艺参数优化的研究．以水雾化铁粉为原料设计制造的Fe-1．5Ni-0．5Mo-0．5Cu-0．6C粉末637MPa压制,温压密度为7．46g/cm     

镁颗粒在烧结过程中的变化方式及其对泡沫铝制备的影响

 研究了粉末冶金法制备泡沫铝材料过程中,提高可发泡预制坯致密度的方法.分析了预制坯制备过程中影响致密度的因素以及致密化过程;研究了烧结处理过程中烧结温度、烧结时间对预制坯内部组织结构及其致密度的影响.着重分析了烧结处理对Mg颗粒以及泡沫铝孔径结构的影响.对于粉末粒度为75~150μm的原料粉末来说,将在400MPa的压制压力下制备的预制坯进行450℃烧结处理2h以上,可提高预制坯的致密度并能够增加基体的连续性,烧结后Mg颗粒尺寸为原来的2~3倍.实验结果表明：采用冷压的方式,在400MPa的压力下,对经过450℃烧结2h后的预制坯进行发泡,可以得到孔径均匀、孔隙率高的泡沫铝材料.     

成形剂对碳化硼压坯密度和烧结密度的影响

研究了葡萄糖、酚醛树脂、硬脂酸以及酚醛树脂加硬脂酸这4种成形剂的加入量和成形压力对碳化硼压坯密度的影响,探讨了碳化硼压坯密度和烧结密度的关系.研究结果表明加入葡萄糖所得到的碳化硼压坯密度最高;碳化硼烧结密度随压坯密度的增加呈正比例增加;颗粒间接触面积增加有利于扩散,但当压坯密度为1.87 g/cm3时(对于粉末4),这种线性关系的斜率明显变小,说明压制压力不需过大;所选用的成形剂在烧结过程中分解成碳并残留在压坯中,这些新生态的碳对烧结起活化添加剂的作用.因此,加入这些成形剂既提高了碳化硼压坯密度,又导致其烧结密度增加.     

双对数方程在模压中的应用——压坯形状对方程的影响

本研究初步探讨了黄培云教授导出的双对数方程在模压中的应用;给出了引入压坯形状参数的双对数方程。 log p=b_0+b_1(S_Z/S_Y)+(b_2+b_3(log s_Z/S_Y))log ln((d_m-d_0)d/(d_m-d)d_0)式中,b_i是回归系数,d_m是金属的理论密度,d_0是粉末的松装密度,d是压坯密度,p是施加的单位压制压力,s_Z、s_Y分别是压坯的比侧表面和比压制表面。本研究以图表的形式简化了上式的计算。由实验结果得到了雾化铁粉的真实对数压制模量b_0,摩擦系数μ和侧压系数(?)的积b_1/2 log e。     

烧结压力对铜粉放电等离子烧结的影响规律

研究了平均粉末粒度为1μm的铜粉在不同压力条件下的放电等离子烧结过程,系统分析了压坯的密度和微观组织与烧结升温阶段的初始压力和保压压力之间的关系. 结果表明:烧结温度为800℃,初始压力为1MPa,保压压力为50MPa的烧结工艺,可以制备相对密度大于98%,平均晶粒度小于10μm的烧结铜. 同时发现,采用SPS工艺制备的烧结铜沿厚度方向存在不同于传统双向压制的密度分布,SPS烧结铜的表面密度低于心部密度.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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