分子光谱的非正交变换因子分析

提出一种非正交变换因子分析法, 用于混合物光谱的解析及多组份混合物的同时测定根据其数学原理编制的计算机软件在 Ｐ Ｃ 机上顺利运行该法成功地用于四组份混合荧光光谱的解析, 以及多组份荧光物质的同时测定     

A proteome-wide screen identifies valosin-containing protein as an essential regulator of podocyte endoplasmic reticulum stress

To investigate proteins expressed in the renal tissue of the passive Heymann nephritis (pHN) rat model,we prepared pHN rat models with anti-FxA1 serum and analyzed the proteins differentially expressed in the kidney tissue with label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.We then analyzed in depth the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related protein using an online bioinformatics platform.Forty-one differential proteins and their annotations were obtained.Gene Ontology (GO) function analysis showed that 16 proteins were involved in cellular metabolism and 22 were proteins related to catalytic activity,including protein folding or ATPase.Protein-GO networks indicated that VCP could interact with the ERS marker HSPa5,with both involved in a single pathway.On inhibition of podocyte VCP by RNAi under normal conditions,the HSPa5 expression level did not change,but when the cell was subjected to ERS by tunicamycin,HSPa5 expression significantly increased with RNAi of VCP when compared with the tunicamycin-treated group.Our results showed that ERS plays an important role in podocyte injury of membranous nephropathy and is mediated by an HSPa5-VCP signaling pathway,in which the most predominant proteins are those related to cellular metabolism and catalytic activity.     

棒状链霉菌扩环酶R306位点的定点突变

目的:通过对棒状链霉菌的脱乙酰氧基头孢菌素C合酶(DAOCS)C末端R306位点突变,改变酶的活力和底物专一性。方法:利用生物信息学和空间结构分析推测,利用定点突变技术,对DAOCS的C-末端R306位点进行定点突变。结果:将DAOCS的C末端R306位点突变为其它3种性质相异的氨基酸,显示酶的活力和底物专一性都有一定改变。结论:DAOCS的C末端修饰对于提高酶活力或改变酶的底物专一性是一个非常有效的策略。     

Cpf1 和 Cas9核酸酶靶向EGFR-L858R突变的研究

表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)单核苷酸突变(2573TG,L858R)占所有EGFR突变的90%.使突变的EGFR失活对有此突变的病人非常有利.这里,应用双荧光报告分析的方法分析规律成簇间隔短回文重复(CRISPR)系统中Cpf1和Cas9在靶向EGFR-L858R突变的编辑效率.在EGFR-L858R突变位点的附近,有两个Cpf1前间区序列邻近基序(PAMs)——TTTN.并且,2573TG突变形成了一个Cas9的PAM——NGG.因此本文通过构建两条AsCpf1的gRNAs(gRNA1和gRNA2)和一条SpCas9的gRNA(gRNA3)在体外通过双荧光蛋白分析系统去评估SpCas9和AsCpf1特异性靶向等位基因的能力.结果证实了AsCpf1和SpCas9都能够特异性的编辑突变的EGFR(2573TG).     

水稻白化突变体alb21生理特性和基因定位

高等植物叶绿体的正常发育需要叶绿体基因和核基因相互协调,这些基因的突变将导致叶绿体发育的缺陷．通过同位素诱变,获得了1例水稻的白化突变体alb21,其在幼苗时期就表现出白化性状,生长1个月左右逐渐死亡．遗传学分析表明,该突变属于单基因隐性突变;电镜观察表明,突变体细胞内完全丧失了叶绿体结构,只有一些空泡状的结构．突变体中既没有检测出叶绿素a或b,也没有检测出叶绿素合成的前体——原脱植基叶绿素a,说明此突变体的叶绿素合成途径受阻．因此,推测Alb21基因的突变,导致叶绿体发育受阻,叶绿素a或b以及叶绿素合成的前体——原脱植基叶绿素a不能合成．利用本实验室开发的水稻InDel分子标记,将该突变基因定位在第3条染色体上分子标记R3M51—2与R3M52—5之间约1520kb范围内．这些结果为该基因的克隆及叶绿体发育过程中的功能研究奠定了基础．     

Visualization of protein RecR in Escherichia coli by fluorescent labelling

RecR protein, a functional equivalent of Rad52 in eukaryotes, plays a critical role in the RecF pathway of homologous recombination in Escherichia coli. By constructing and expressing the recR-yfp hybrid gene, the distribution of the RecR-YFP fusion protein was visualized in E. coli by fluorescent microscopy. Our results showed that RecR proteins can be localized predominantly in the nucleoid region of E. coli. By measuring the UV resistance of a recR mutant carrying the recR-yfp gene in the plasmid, the expressed RecR-YFP was found to be functional in improving the UV resistance of the recR deficiency strain.     

对Cu2+具有高效选择性的R116H荧光探针的合成

罗丹明类荧光探针具有光稳定性好、较宽的波长范围和较高的荧光量子产率等优点,以罗丹明116为底物,与水合肼反应合成荧光探针R116H,它对Cu2+具有高效选择性,可以在水溶液中通过荧光增强的方式探测到1.0×10-6mol/L的Cu2+。在Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中对实验条件进行了优化,Cu2+与R116H配位形成1∶1的配合物。     

快生型豇豆根瘤菌突变株的筛选

用紫外线照射豇豆根瘤菌５１２并培养,前后连续两次,选出一株快生型突变株,该突变株不仅生长速度大大加快,而且耐盐性和耐酸碱性也有明显提高。     

Regulation of eight avr genes by hrpG and hrpX in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and their role in pathogenicity

Eight putative avirulence genes in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) strain 8004 were characterized by Tn5gusA5 mutagenesis and gene expression analysis. The virulence test of mutants on Chinese radish showed that all mutants in individual avr genes except avrBs2 mutant were not significantly different from the wild type in virulence. The avrBs2 mutant showed reduced virulence and bacterial growth in planta. Gene expression analysis using β-glucuronidase as reporter indicated that avrBs1.1，avrBs1，avrXccB，avrXccC，avrXccE1 were regulated by hrpG, whereas avrXccA1, avrXccA2 and avrBs2 were not. RT-PCR analysis showed that all hrpG-regulated genes except avrBs1 were also regulated by hrpX. In addition, it was demonstrated that avrBs1　 was responsible for elicitation of a type III dependent hypersensitive reaction (HR) on nonhost plant pepper ECW-10R, and wild type Xcc 8004 was unable to cause HR on pepper ECW-20R.     

螺旋霉素产生菌抗噬菌体菌株的选育

用Ｃｏ＾６０处理螺旋霉素产生菌ＰＳ，获得了一株抗噬菌体且摇瓶发酵单位比原菌株稍高的突变株Ｒ１０，继而对Ｒ１０进行理性化筛选，在加有２－脱氧葡萄糖的分离培养基上分离到一株抗噬菌体稳定、摇瓶发酵单位又比Ｒ１０高２０％的新突变株，且其摇瓶发酵周期缩短１２ｈ、能耐受更高浓度的自身代谢产物－螺旋霉素。     

甘蓝型油菜BnbHLH122基因的克隆、表达模式及胁迫响应分析

为了进一步探究甘蓝型油菜bHLH转录因子的生物学功能,本实验采用同源克隆技术从甘蓝型油菜中克隆了2个bHLH122转录因子基因全长cDNA序列,分别命名为:BnbHLH122-1(GenBank登录号为MT795160)和BnbHLH122-2(GenBank登录号为MT795161).生物信息学分析表明,BnbHLH122-1和BnbHLH122-2蛋白为不稳定的亲水性蛋白,都含有bHLH保守结构域,分别与白菜和甘蓝中预测的bHLH122蛋白的亲缘关系最近.亚细胞定位和转录激活活性验证实验结果表明两个BnbHLH122蛋白均定位在细胞核且具备转录激活活性.qRT-PCR实验结果表明BnbHLH122-1基因主要在花期的根中表达,BnbHLH122-2基因主要在苗期的根和花期的花中表达.此外,高温、低温、干旱、高盐、渗透、核盘菌胁迫以及ABA、SA、MeJA激素处理均能显著影响BnbHLH122基因的表达,由此说明甘蓝型油菜BnbHLH122基因可能在维持植株正常的生长发育和抵御逆境胁迫过程中发挥重要调节作用.     

中国汉族人群MC1R基因多态与皮肤颜色等表型特征关联研究

皮肤癌是一种比较常见的肿瘤,在西方人群中研究表明,通过影响皮肤颜色等色素表型特征,黑色素生成通路中相关基因多态性(MC1R等)可增加皮肤癌发生风险.本研究首次在中国汉族人群中选择MC1R基因编码区的多态位点为研究对象,分析其与中国汉族人群的皮肤颜色、对阳光的敏感性、雀斑情况及头发颜色的关联性.在MC1R基因编码区发现7个SNP位点:c.200G>A,c.274G>A,c.359T>C,c.421G>A,c.488G>A,c.497C>G和c.942A>G.其中c.421G>A为新发现的SNP位点,c.497C>G则首次在中国汉族人群中报道.c.942A>G与皮肤颜色相关,其突变纯合基因型GG与皮肤颜色浅显著相关(P=0.044,OR=0.16,95%CI:0.03～0.95).c.359T>C杂合基因型TC与雀斑数目多显著相关(P=0.040,OR=5.76,95%CI:1.05～31.53),表明MC1R基因多态与中国汉族人群的皮肤颜色等色素表型特征具有一定相关性,为相关临床研究提供了参考.     

1 型鸭肝炎病毒强毒株在雏鸭体内分布情况研究

摘要: 目的 利用建立的 Taq 荧光定量 ＲT-PCＲ 检测方法研究鸭肝炎病毒( DHV-1) 强毒株在感染雏鸭体内早期的动态分布规律。方法 本研究采用鸭肝炎病毒强毒株人工感染 3 日龄雏鸭,利用已建立的 Taq 荧光定量 ＲT-PCＲ方法,对接种 24 h 内 DHV-1 强毒株感染雏鸭的组织脏器进行了定量检测。结果 接种后 4 h 即可在雏鸭心、肝、脑、肺、胰腺、回肠、盲肠、直肠、法氏囊和脾脏组织中检测到一定水平的病毒 ＲNA,随着病程发展,ＲNA 拷贝数持续升高,接种 24 h 后,肝脏中的病毒 ＲNA 拷贝数为最高,达到 108. 81 copies/g,心、肺、肾、脾次之,约 107copies /g。结论DHV-1 强毒在雏鸭的早期感染雏鸭的实质器官、免疫器官和消化系统等均具有广泛的嗜性。     

H-蛋白中Asp-68和Tyr-70定向突变对甘氨酸裂解酶系整体酶活的调控

还原甘氨酸途径被认为是最有前景的C1（one carbon）合成途径,其核心酶系是甘氨酸裂解酶系。在前期研究中,我们在甘氨酸裂解酶系H-蛋白“解开自保护”过程的研究中初步锁定了H-蛋白空腔内的潜在关键氨基酸残基为Ser-67、Asp-68和Tyr-70,并且证明Ser-67位点对甘氨酸酶系的整体酶活有重要影响。本文对H-蛋白的Asp-68和Tyr-70位点进行了侧链带正电突变（H-D68K、H-D68H、H-D68R和H-Y70K、H-Y70H、H-Y70R突变体）,以及侧链非极性突变（H-D68G、H-D68V、H-D68M、H-D68L和H-Y70G、H-Y70V、H-Y70M、H-Y70L突变体）,并测定了各突变体在甘氨酸裂解方向上的酶活。结果发现,Asp-68位带正电突变倾向降低甘氨酸酶系的整体酶活,Asp-68位非极性突变、Tyr-70位带正电突变及非极性突变在总体上倾向于维持或提升整体酶活。其中,相对野生型H-蛋白,H-D68R突变体的酶活下降了90.2%,H-Y70R、H-D68G和H-Y70L突变体的酶活分别提高了75.6%、53.6%和146%。硫辛酰胺与H-蛋白空腔内的氨基酸相互作用的分析结果表明,甘氨酸裂解酶系整体酶活的变化是由于H-蛋白的68和70位残基的突变阻碍或促进硫辛酰胺的释放。     

Morphology and mapping analysis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) clustered spikelets( Cl) mutant

The rice clustered spikelets (Cl) mutant exhibits a phenotype that most of branch apical have 2-3 spikelets clustered together,SEM (scanning electron microscope )observation suggested that the Cl gene controlled branch apical development,and influenced the terminal spikelets elongation,The spikelet number was reduced in mutant,indicating that Cl may also have an effect on spikelet number,To map Cl locus,two F2 mapping populations derived from the crosses between the Cl and ZhongHua11,and Cl and ZheFu802 were constructed ,respectively,The Cl locus was roughly mapped between two CAPS markers CK0214 and SS0324,A further fine mapping analysis showed that the Cl locus was mapped between makers R0674E and Cl12560,with genetic distances of 0.2 and 2.1 cM,respectively ,Then we found a PAC conting spanning Cl locus,the region was delimited to 196 kb.This results was useful for cloning of the Cl gene,Allelism test demonstrated that Cl was allelic to Cl2 another rice clustered spikelets mutant.     

一种自剪切内含肽重组酿酒酵母表达优化研究

自剪切内含肽纯化系统在大肠杆菌中已经得到很好的应用。为了在真核生物中应用该系统,以酿酒酵母为宿主,p HR质粒为表达载体,构建微型内含肽ΔI-CM intein酿酒酵母表达系统。以猪免疫球蛋白Ig G的Fc domain为亲和标签,绿色荧光蛋白gfp为报告蛋白,在酿酒酵母GPD强启动子作用下,表达出融合的Fc-intein-gfp蛋白。检测发现融合序列在起始密码子ATG前加入一段Kozak序列有利于gfp表达。在此基础上,将微型内含肽ΔI-CM intein序列替换成密码子优化的ΔI-CMintein-O序列,显著促进gfp蛋白的表达量,初步实现了ΔI-CM intein融合蛋白的高效表达。为新型自剪切内含肽酿酒酵母表达系统的建立和重组蛋白高效纯化的实现奠定了基础。     

饲用复合酶生产菌株的诱变选育

通过UV诱变复合酶产生菌黑曲霉筛选得到一突变株JW001,该菌株可同时发酵产生高活力的多酶系,其中纤维素酶和酸性蛋白酶活力分别为18 379 u/g和6 472 u/g,比出发菌株分别提高122%和92%.优化确定了曲盘固体发酵工艺,并进行了复合酶动物应用试验,试验表明黑曲霉JW001菌株发酵生产的饲用复合酶制剂对不同畜禽均有很好的饲喂效果.     

茄青枯假单胞菌T2015致病相关基因突变体的构建

分离自花生植株的茄青枯假单胞菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)T2015的Tn5-lacZ插入突变体T2135是极性突变体.采用现代分子生物学实验技术,首先构建了同一操纵子中ORF2的表达质粒pGX6191,并进行生物学验证,然后采用三亲本结合技术导入极性突变体T2135,得到茄青枯假单胞菌T2015中与致病相关基因ORF3的突变体T2135/R.     

A general method for site-directed mutagenesis in prokaryotes

The genetic analysis of genes from prokaryotic species for which experimental genetic systems have not yet been developed is often limited by the difficulty of producing mutations in those genes. We report here a general technique applicable to Gram-negative prokaryotes for site-directed mutagenesis of cloned DNA fragments which we have applied to the study of the symbiotic nitrogen fixation genes of Rhizobium meliloti. In particular, we mutagenized cloned R. meliloti restriction fragments in Escherichia coli with transposon Tn5 and then replaced the wild-type parental DNA sequences with the mutant DNA sequences in the R. meliloti genome. Using this method we show that an R. meliloti DNA restriction fragment, cloned previously on the basis of homology to Klebsiella pneumoniae nif genes, contains gene(s) essential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. In addition, we use this method to construct a physical genetic map of a subset of the R. meliloti nif genes.