自动引导车路径偏差的控制研究

本文针对差速驱动的AGV路径偏差控制,建立了小车路径偏差的运动模型。利用数学方法分析路径偏差与车轮速度的关系,深入分析,得到两驱动轮驱动电压与偏差变量的等量关系,从而得到系统的结构框图,从根本上分析了AGV的控制原理。通过对比激光导航,磁导航,视觉导航等控制方式,最后选择无适应性,稳定性更强的无轨导航,采用模糊控制理论,将系统简化为以偏差变量为输入,驱动电压差为输出的双输入单输出系统。仿真结果表明,该方法有较好的路径纠偏能力。同时也为无轨AGV路径控制奠定基础。     

一款AGV磁导航传感器的设计

在工业自动化的发展过程中,AGV（自动导引车辆）广泛投入使用,目前应用较广泛的导航方式之一是磁条导航,它具有对环境要求低、安装简单、易维护、成本低等优点。设计了一款AGV磁导航传感器,该传感器以ARM Cortex-M3为核心、RS232C线驱动和磁导航模拟前端设计硬件实验平台,实时采集磁导航信号,采集到的信号通过对数-双曲正切函数的鲁棒自适应滤波算法,减小AGV行驶过程中的偏差,在C/OS Ⅲ微型操作系统进行任务循环调度,通过人机交互界面观测传感器实时状态,对AGV的运行轨迹进行修正。根据实验数据和仿真结果表明：使用该磁导航传感器的AGV行驶偏差较小,车身更加平稳。     

一种用于小型敏捷仓库的AGV视觉导航方法研究

随着物流行业的发展,物流自动化仓库正在朝着多用户、多品种和高度灵活性的柔性自动化仓库发展,传统AGV(automatic guided vehicle)难以满足物流仓库的新需求。针对实际需求,基于色差阈值分割的方法对AGV的导航路径偏差进行提取并融合,采用"预瞄闭环控制"的思想设计路径跟踪控制器,实现了机器人高精度的路径跟踪。最后,在搭建的模拟仓库中,对设计AGV的导航性能进行了全面测试,实验结果表明,该视觉导航AGV导航灵活,精度高,运行平稳,可以满足柔性仓储的需求。     

视觉引导AGV的数字图像处理方法研究

自动导航小车(AGV)的导航技术中,视觉导航具有信息量大和引导柔性等优点。视觉导航方式中,导航图像的处理技术处于很重要的地位。介绍了AGV导航技术的引导系统的原理,并针对视觉引导的AGV所采样的数字图像进行了噪声滤波、二值化、边缘检测和直线拟合等。通过在自主研制的小车样机上进行试验,验证了图像处理过程中的准确性和实时性,表明该方法对提高AGV可控制性具有良好的效果。     

提高PLC控制系统可靠性研究

随着信息技术的不断发展,PLC（Programmable logic controllr程序逻辑控制）工业控制系统为各式各样的自动化控制设备提供了非常可靠的控制应用,其主要原因在于可编程控制器抗干扰能力强,可靠性高,编程简单,性能价格比高,在工业控制领域得到越来越广泛应用。虽然工业控制机和可编程控制器本身都具有很高的可靠性,但如果输入给PLC的开关量信号出现错误,模拟量信号出现较大偏差,PLC输出口控制的执行机构没有按要求动作,这些都可能使控制过程出错,造成严重后果。     

基于模糊控制的黄瓜采摘机器人视觉导航

以温室环境下黄瓜垄间图像为研究对象,提出了基于计算机视觉和模糊控制技术的导航方法.用色差2G-R-B算子对RGB彩色图像进行灰度化处理;根据灰度图像双峰型垂直直方图初步确定导航线位置;并据此逐行求出离散导航点;采用基于一点的改进型Hough变换由离散导航点拟合出导航参考直线,进而获得当前位置的横向偏差和角度偏差作为导航参数.以横向偏差和角度偏差作为模糊控制器的输入,以差速运动机器人的差速值作为输出,设计了模糊控制器.导航试验结果表明:该方法平均耗时小于150 ms,可以满足实时控制的要求,以0.3 m/s速度进行路径跟踪时,最大误差小于5 cm.     

基于LTR观测器的输入时滞系统的滑模控制

针对一类线性时滞系统且存在外部噪声干扰和参数不确定性问题,提出一种基于回路传输恢复(LTR)观测器的滑模变结构控制方法.为了简化时滞变结构控制器的设计,采用非奇异线性变换将输入时滞的线性系统转化为无时滞系统,并进行滑模变结构控制器的设计、理论分析及稳定性证明.仿真结果表明,该方法对时滞系统在噪声干扰和过程参数不确定性时系统状态快速达到稳态,得到的控制效果仍具有较好的稳定性.     

对角式舵轮分布的AGV路径纠偏控制研究

针对对角式舵轮分布的自动导航车(automated guided vehicle, AGV)的路径纠偏,提出了一种模糊控制+滑模控制的控制方法。首先,对角式舵轮分布的AGV进行数学描述,对其运动学、动力学分析建模;其次根据运动学模型,以车体位置、角度偏差为输入量,车体转向角度为输出量,设计模糊运动控制器作为外环控制器,然后根据其非线性动力学模型设计滑模控制器作为内环控制器;最后通过MATLAB环境下的Simulink仿真研究,表明所制定的控制策略有效,保证了对角式舵轮分布的AGV的快速且稳定的路径纠偏。     

基于视觉的无人驾驶车自主导航控制器设计

以DUTIV-Ⅰ型无人驾驶车为研究对象,建立了基于视觉的无人驾驶车自主导航控制数学模型,应用根轨迹法分析了预瞄距离对该控制系统的影响.设计了由线性二次型最优跟踪控制理论得到的状态反馈控制律和用于补偿参考路径曲率扰动的前馈控制律组成的导航控制器.针对DUTIV-Ⅰ型无人驾驶车横向速度的不可测性,根据Kalman滤波理论构造了横向速度观测器.仿真和实验结果表明,该方法可保证无人驾驶车准确地跟踪参考路径,且具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于超声波与红外的AGV定位方法

以往的AGV(Automatic Guided Vehicle)多采用电磁感应技术、机器视觉技术和激光技术进行定位。其电磁感应技术更改路径困难;机器视觉定位算法复杂,实时性差;激光技术定位电路复杂,成本较高。为此,基于超声传感器设计了自动引导车辆的定位系统,提出了一种高精度测量超声信号传播时间的方法。该方法采用双超声发射传感器依照一定的时序进行工作,解决了信号相互干扰问题,在得到AGV位置信息的同时得到其姿态信息,简化了AGV的机械结构。设计了低噪声放大电路抑制噪声干扰;利用自动增益调整电路提高系统的测量精度;采用声速补偿方法消除环境温度变化对定位精度的影响。实验结果表明,该系统可以在300 cm×400 cm的范围内对AGV的车头和车尾精确、实时定位,定位精度达±3 mm。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that