微细晶粒LC4铝合金的超塑性研究

LC4铝合金的常规热轧板材经适当形变热处理后,制得了晶粒尺寸细化到6.8μm的薄板。该材料在445～505℃和10~(-3)～10~(-4)秒~(-1)应变速率的拉伸条件下显示出典型超塑性材料的力学特征。在Ⅱ区内的应变速率敏感指数约为0.5,最大延伸率达500%。由lnε(恒定应力)与1/T间的关系求得此合金的超塑性变形激活能为41.4±2.5K cal/mol。此合金的超塑性变形过程是由金属的体自扩散所控制。     

原位合成TiB和TiC增强钛基复合材料的超塑变形力学行为

研究了利用普通熔铸设备,原位合成法制备的TiB和TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料的高温变形行为．在915～1100℃,初始应变速率ε=101^-2～10^-4s^-1,进行了超塑拉伸实验．结果表明,在1015℃、ε=10^-2s^-1时,延伸率最大,为235％,相应的应变速率敏感性因子为0．22,最大的m值并不对应最大的延伸率．计算得到各温度下的超塑变形表观激活能为144～311kJ／mol,激活能的差异表明,该复合材料的高温变形在不同温度下受不同机制控制．同时,利用扫描电镜观察了断口形貌,分析了其变形机理．     

多晶纯铜的高温滞弹性蠕变

根据葛庭燧设计的扭转微蠕变装置,用99.96%多晶纯铜从135—380℃作滞弹性蠕变及应力弛豫试验。所测得蠕变激活能为25±2千卡/克分子,约为纯铜体积自扩散激活能的一半,与其晶粒间界自扩散激活能相接近。因此,可以认为多晶纯铜在较高温度下的滞弹性蠕变机构与晶粒间界自扩散机构相似。     

Zn-22Al合金在超塑温度及复合加载下屈服条件的实验研究

通过薄壁管复合加载实验及单向拉伸卸载组合实验,证明了Zn-22Al合金在超塑温度-速度条件下遵循Mises屈服条件,且与应变速度呈(σ_1-σ_2)~2+(σ_2-σ_3)~2+(σ_3-σ_1)~2=2(σ=K_(ε~m))~2的关系。给出了该合金在250℃、应变速度为3.3×10~(-2)(sec~(-1))时,平面应力且0.2％应变时的屈服椭圆方程为通过单向拉伸位置预置自动卸载组合实验及数学回归分析处理,可定量地确定关系式(变形一定时,σ=K_(ε~m)),且证明K、m与变形程度或变形速度有关。通过薄壁管复合加载实验和分析,还得到薄壁筒形件吹塑时的吹塑压力-应力图和压力-应变图,可为判断和选择类似的吹塑成型力学条件提供参考。     

多晶铝和多晶镍的中温滞弹性蠕变〈一〉

用99.92%多晶纯铝从125——225℃作滞弹性蠕变及应力驰豫试验.所测得蠕变激活能为(25±1)千卡/克分子,比纯铝体积自扩散激活能低,与晶粒间界自扩散激活能相接近.用99.96%多晶纯镍从330——450℃作滞弹性蠕变及应力驰豫试验.所测得蠕变激活能为(34±2)千卡/克分子比纯镍体积自扩散激活能低得多,与晶粒间界自扩散激活能相接近.因此,可以认为多晶在较高温度(中温)下的滞弹性蠕变机制与晶粒间界自扩散机制相似.     

20CrMnTiH齿轮钢高温塑性变形特性

以20CrMnTiH齿轮钢为研究对象,在变形温度850~1 150 °C和应变速率0.01~10 s-1的变形条件下,采用高温压缩热模拟实验研究其塑性变形特性.发现：变形温度850 °C时的流动应力为1 150 °C时的2~3倍,应变速率10 s-1时的应力值为应变速率0.01 s-1时的2~3倍,在高温和低应变速率的条件下发生了连续动态再结晶;从微观组织来看,随变形温度升高,再结晶晶粒沿着初始晶粒的晶界长大并形成新晶粒,变形温度1 050 °C时,多次动态再结晶使得晶粒长大明显.根据采用双曲正弦函数修正的Arrhenius方程,利用线性回归法求出相应的热变形激活能为371.053 kJ/mol.利用加工图确定了相应的热变形过程最佳工艺参数范围,即变形温度为1 020~1 150 °C,应变速率为0.5~2.5 s-1.

     

稀土Er对ZK60镁合金变形行为的影响

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机研究了稀土元素Er对ZK60镁合金的热压缩变形行为的影响。通过引入Zener-Hollomon参数和双曲正弦函数构建了ZK60和ZK60-1.0Er镁合金的本构方程,同时采用应变硬化率θ-流变应力σ关系曲线确定动态再结晶发生的临界应力σc值。结果表明:ZK60和ZK60-1.0Er两种镁合金在热压缩变形过程中,随着变形温度T的升高,压缩流变应力σ值均减小;随着应变速率ε?的增加,流变应力σ值均增加。添加稀土元素Er使得ZK60镁合金热压缩变形流变应力σ值和应力指数n值增加,在变形温度为160~320℃时提高了发生动态再结晶的临界应力σc值,稀土相的存在促进了再结晶晶粒的形核,降低了平均变形激活能Qˉ值。     

Al-6Mg-0.4Mn-0.2Sc铝合金的高温变形行为及热加工图

采用Gleeble-1500热/力模拟试验机进行压缩实验,研究Al-6Mg-0.4Mn-0.2Sc铝合金在变形温度为300～500℃、应变速率为0.001～10 s-1范围内的变形行为.计算应力指数和变形激活能,并采用Zener-Hollomon参数法构建合金高温塑性变形的本构关系.根据材料动态模型,计算并分析合金的加工图.研究结果表明:热变形过程中的稳态流变应力可用双曲正弦本构关系式来描述,平均激活能为158.92 kJ/mol,大于其自扩散激活能.根据加工图确定了热变形的流变失稳区,并且获得了热变形过程的最佳工艺参数,其热加工温度为430～480℃,应变速率为5～10s-1,温加工温度为320-400℃、应变速率为0.01～0.001 s-1.     

15Cr-25Ni-Fe基高温合金的动态再结晶行为及机制

利用Gleeble-1500热/力模拟试验机对15Cr25NiFe基高温合金在950～1 200 ℃和0.001～10.000 s-1条件下进行了热压缩试验,采用热变形激活能模型研究了该合金两个动态再结晶区域的热变形表观激活能,结合再结晶的光学显微组织及透射电子显微组织分析该合金的动态再结晶机制.研究结果表明:应变速率0.010～0.100 s-1,温度1 050～1 200 ℃的动态再结晶区域受动态再结晶的形核过程控制,所得组织为等轴晶粒,尺寸分布较分散,晶界呈自然凹凸状.应变速率2.000～10.000 s-1,温度1 000～1 150 ℃的动态再结晶区域受动态再结晶的长大过程控制,晶粒为尺寸均匀的等轴晶粒,晶界平直,晶内有丰富的亚晶组织.     

超塑变形中的晶粒尺寸效应

分析了晶粒尺寸在各种机制中对总变形的影响;晶粒尺寸不同时材料变形的微观特征;晶粒尺寸对晶界滑移速率的影响。讨论了超塑变形中的区间转变;定量表达了晶粒尺寸和变形温度对区间转变应变速率的影响;进而提出临界晶粒尺寸及临界变形温度的新概念及表达式。并以Al-Zn-Mg合金对以上理论分析进行了验证。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that