一种利用Spark-GPU加速 CT图像重建的设计

目的:进一步解决CT图像重建耗时长的问题,实现大批量重建CT图像.方法:利用大数据框架Spark构建GPU集群.首先对加速滤波反投影(FBP)和同时代数迭代重建技术(SART)算法的复杂度进行分析及并行化设计,并比较在GPU和CPU上的运行速度.通过对比耗时选择最佳的计算组合,实现单机GPU加速.通过thunder工具读取批量的投影数据并创建分布式数据集,使用Numba开发CUDA程序并部署在Spark运行.结果:FBP算法运行速度有近40倍的提升,SART算法运行速度有近10倍的提升.结论:Spark和GPU结合能够扩展Spark的性能,突破单机加速瓶颈,大幅提升计算速度,对于不同的图像重建算法均有良好的加速效果,表明Spark-GPU在图像重建方向有良好的应用前景.     

使用GPU编程的工业CT断层图像三维可视化技术

在具有可编程管线的图形处理器（GPU）上重新实现了传统的光线投射算法,将耗时的三线性插值和采样过程放在GPU上进行,以提高绘制速度.首先将体数据映射为三维纹理并将其载入到显存,接着通过对顶点着色程序和像素着色程序的编写将光线进入点、离开点的计算以及图像的合成运算移入GPU中,最后根据不同的采样点颜色混合公式实现不同的绘制效果.本算法通过只绘制一个代理面,避免了使用固定管线的混合操作,从而可通过自定义的混合算法来实现各种复杂的绘制效果.结论：与传统的光线投射算法相比,文中算法可快速重建出质量较高的图像,使实时绘制工业CT断层图像成为了可能.     

基于八叉树编码的CUDA光线投射算法

目的针对传统的GPU光线投射算法绘制效果差,绘制效率低的问题,在CUDA架构上对光线投射算法进行优化和加速。方法首先采用八叉树对体数据进行编码,有效地剔除体数据中对重建图像无贡献的部分;其次,将体数据绑定到三维纹理上,根据体数据大小分配线程,每条光线与体数据求交时采用并行计算;最后,在CUDA内核中实现光线投射算法。结果仿真实验结果表明文中算法可以将传统GPU光线投射算法的绘制速度提高7～15倍,并增强算法的绘制效果。结论算法对传统的GPU光线投射算法的绘制速度和效果都有提高。     

GPU加速实现的锥束CT高精度正投影算法

CT的正投影计算是对CT数据采集过程的模拟,不仅可用于生成投影数据,而且是CT图像迭代重建算法的一个关键组成部分.在CT的锥束扫描方式下,正投影计算量大,计算时间长.为此,提出了一种GPU加速实现的锥束CT正投影算法.该算法通过并行计算各条X射线在探测器上投影,实现了锥束CT正投影的快速计算.由于该算法支持全浮点运算精度计算,且采用三线性插值方式,因此计算精度高.通过对Shepp-Logan模型的正投影计算实验以及与其他正投影算法的比较,验证了作者算法的优点.     

一种快速迭代软阈值稀疏角CT重建算法

针对目前迭代软阈值稀疏角CT重建算法收敛速度较慢的问题,提出了一种基于全变分约束的快速迭代软阈值稀疏角CT重建算法.该算法首先对CT稀疏投影数据采用联合代数重建算法(SART)进行重建,以获得满足数据一致性的重建图像,然后计算SART重建图像的离散梯度变换,并对其进行软阈值滤波,最后利用离散梯度变换的伪逆更新重建图像.由于在迭代过程中利用了前2次迭代重建图像作为下一次迭代的初始图像,因而加快了重建算法的收敛速度.对Shepp-Logan模体进行仿真的实验结果表明:在无噪、5×104和2×105光子泊松噪声情况下,与SART重建算法、基于Harr小波的快速迭代软阈值算法以及基于全变分约束的迭代软阈值重建算法相比,该重建算法的收敛速度有明显提高,同时能够有效减小图像的相对重建误差.     

多Kinect实时室内动态场景三维重建

采用多个Kinect从不同角度同时捕获场景,将它们的深度图和彩色图结合在一起,通过数据预处理、顶点构建、点云注册和表面重建等步骤得到场景三维模型.整个流程均在GPU上实现以加速运算,实现了基于GPU的迭代最近点算法、基于GPU的八叉树构建、基于有向距离函数的表面重建等关键算法.试验中,整个算法运行帧率达到8.74f/s;重建分辨率达到约5.9 mm.试验表明,算法基本满足实时动态场景重建的要求,重建模型的精度满足非精确计算类应用的需求.     

用通用显卡加速三维锥束T-FDK重建算法

利用通用显卡实现算法加速是一种适应CT重建特点的重要硬件加速方法。为了提高三维锥束T-FDK算法的重建速度,在对T-FDK算法简单描述的基础上结合显卡特点提出了快速实现T-FDK算法重建的方法。由于显卡的浮点管道比8bit的纹理光栅化管道慢,但是精度高,将两者结合,在力求达到重建速度和图像质量的平衡的基础上实现了该方法。实验结果表明,与经过初步对称性优化后的T-FDK软件算法相比,快速算法达到了27.6倍的时间加速比,从而在保证图像质量的情况下提高了重建的速度。     

基于共轭梯度的工业 CT 图像重建

为了保证不完全投影数据的重建图像质量,通过共轭梯度法对工业CT图像进行重建.通过对模拟数据和实际工件断层扫描数据进行图像重建,估计了算法的有效性.结果表明,与最速下降法相比,此算法适用于不完全投影数据的图像重建,在保证重建图像拟合度的同时,大大提高了重建速度.     

一种心脏影像四维动态实时绘制方法

借助心电图门控技术,多层螺旋CT(MDCT)可以采集心脏的跳动信息,但传统的体绘制方法不能满足心脏动态实时重建需求.提出一种采用心电图门控MDCT采集心脏多时相数据,基于图形处理器纹理映射的心脏动态4D实时绘制方法.该方法将采集到的数据、GPU计算获得的材质与光照属性和传输函数数据,分别映射到GPU纹理单元.片元程序实...     

基于GPU的并行拟牛顿神经网络训练算法设计

针对人工神经网络训练需要极强的计算能力和高效的最优解搜寻方法的问题,提出基于GPU的BFGS拟牛顿神经网络训练算法的并行实现。该并行实现将BFGS算法划分为不同的功能模块,针对不同模块特点采用混合的数据并行模式,充分利用GPU的处理和存储资源,取得较好的加速效果。试验结果显示:在复杂的神经网络结构下,基于GPU的并行神经网络的训练速度相比于基于CPU的实现方法最高提升了80倍;在微波器件的建模测试中,基于GPU的并行神经网络的速度相比于Neuro Modeler软件提升了430倍,训练误差在1%左右。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has