涝渍条件下黑杨派无性系基茎韧皮部的PAL活力和有机质含量

黑杨派３个无性系的盆栽涝渍试验表明，土壤渍水时３个无性系苗木基茎韧皮部的ＰＡＬ活力和有机物含量与对照相比都有明显差异。根据在渍水时苗木基茎韧皮部的ＰＡＬ活力大小和苗木生长指标的综合衡量，３个无性系的耐渍能力大小是新无性系１０５杨〉３５１杨〉母本Ｉ－６９杨。１０５杨受涝２０ｄ仍具有抗涝能力，但受涝时间延续到４０ｄ，则超出其忍受范围，致命苗木体内出现代谢紊乱，各种有机物含量异常，ＰＡＬ活力超常升高，苗     

淹水胁迫对杨树生物量及生理性状影响的比较

选择３种不同类型的杨树无性系（１－６９，ＮＬ－８０１０５，ＮＬ－８０３５１），在人为控制条件下进行不同程度的淹水胁迫试验，结果表明：在胁迫条件下３种杨树无性系生物量累积受到明显抑制，冠根比降低，叶片硝酸还原酶（ＮＲ）活性显著下降，叶片相对质膜透性（ＲＰＰ）明显升高，叶绿素含量以及叶片含水量（ＲＷＣ）降低，无性系之间的各性状表现有所差异，与对照相比，在强淹水胁迫中Ｉ－６９杨表现最好，其次是１０５杨，     

淹水处理下杨树不同无性系苗木根系形态变化

【目的】了解淹水处理下不同杨树无性系苗木根系的形态变化规律,揭示杨树对淹水胁迫的根系适应策略,为筛选耐水的杨树无性系提供依据。【方法】选用3804杨、1388杨、895杨、110杨和328杨5个杨树无性系,设置对照、渍水和淹水3种处理,测定苗木根系的生物量、长度、数量、表面积、体积等指标。【结果】①渍水处理下杨树根生物量与对照无显著差异,但淹水处理下的根生物量却显著小于对照。②渍水和淹水处理下的多数杨树无性系苗木一级根数量与对照之间没有显著差异,但总根长、总根投影面积、总根表面积和总根体积却大于对照。③与对照相比,渍水和淹水处理下的杨树苗木根系平均直径有所减小,但根尖数、分叉数和交叉数却增大。④主成分分析提取出的2个主成分累积贡献率为88.58%,可较好地反映杨树苗木根系形态特征。【结论】隶属函数法分析表明,在渍水处理下5个杨树无性系根系形态表现的优劣顺序是1388杨>895杨>3804杨>110杨>328杨;在淹水处理下的优劣顺序是1388杨>895杨>110杨>328杨>3804杨。所以,从根系形态表现看,1388杨和895杨的耐水性较强。     

诱导杨树结瘤固氮的研究

６种植物激素（２,４－Ｄ、ＮＡＡ、ＩＡＡ、ＩＢＡ、６－ＢＡ、Ｓ．Ｌ．）用不同浓度处理杨树无性系ＮＬ－８０１０６组培苗根系,其中２,４－Ｄ、ＩＢＡ、Ｓ．Ｌ．有不同程度的诱瘤作用。以２,４－Ｄ和ＩＢＡ诱导结瘤最为稳定有效,２,４－Ｄ诱瘤的最适浓度１．０～１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＩＢＡ为２．５～３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ。分离、回接和显微镜观察表明根瘤菌在诱瘤剂作用下已侵入诱导瘤。诱瘤剂在接种根瘤菌情况下对苗木生长有较为明显的促进作用,无论株高、鲜重和叶绿素含量都高于对照,尤以ＩＢＡ（３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ）最为显著。     

植物内源激素对原生质体培养的影响

以烟草试管苗叶，美味猕猴桃，毛花猕猴桃子叶愈伤组织以及玉米叶片为材料，进行了内源激素水平的测定和原生质体培养的研究。结果表明，高水平内源玉米素核苷含量和高ＺＲ与吲唑乙酸质量比有利于原生质体再生细胞的分裂；高水平内源脱落酸对再生细胞分裂有抑制作用，内源ＩＡＡ，ＺＲ和ＡＢＡ含量对原生质体培养的影响在不同种之间存在差异。     

杨树枝叶中内源激素的变化及其与蛋白质代谢的关系

采用酶联免疫法对1年生杨树无性系797杨(Populus deltoides×P.euramericana)苗木叶片和枝条皮层中5种内源激素含量的动态变化进行了初步研究,分析了内源激素与蛋白质含量变化的相关性,结果表明:1年生杨枝叶内源激素与叶片和皮层中蛋白质变化密切相关,并间接调控VSPs的降解与合成。     

不同地点黑杨派无性系生长性状变异及其与叶片性状相关分析

对北京昌平和河北廊坊13个黑杨派无性系引种试验林5~6年生苗木生长性状开展遗传变异分析，并对河北廊坊试验林生长性状与3年生苗木上、中、下3个冠层水平上叶片解剖性状和气孔性状进行相关性分析和多性状综合评价，以用于无性系生长性状间接选择，从而提高选择效率和缩短育种周期。     

美洲黑杨与青杨杂交F1代苗期表型性状的分化及其类型划分

【目的】研究美洲黑杨‘I-69’杨(Populus deltoides ‘Lux’)×青杨(P. cathayana)F₁代初选无性系苗期表型性状指标的分化,解析不同性状分化的生物学和生态学意义,并对无性系进行类型划分,综合考虑无性系性状以及对应的目标用途,为应对干旱等条件下杨树造林的适地适树(无性系)选择提供参考。【方法】以江苏省宿迁市泗洪县半城马浪湖林场36个‘I-69’杨×青杨F₁代无性系3根1干苗为材料,调查苗木的生长量、叶片形态、气孔特征、侧芽萌发情况和分枝特性等17个指标,分析各指标的变异特征,并根据性状变化对无性系进行分类和评价。【结果】F₁代无性系的生长和表型指标均具有显著的分化,总体上呈连续的正态分布特征,其中侧枝数与侧芽萌发率的变异系数最大,分别达102.0%和93.5%。相关分析表明,苗木生长指标与叶片形态以及分枝特性指标显著正相关,但与叶片气孔特征无显著相关。叶面积以及叶干质量分别与叶片长宽比呈显著负相关,与上下表皮气孔密度比呈显著正相关。叶片长宽比与叶柄相对长呈显著负相关,同时也与上下表皮气孔密度比呈显著负相关。叶面积和叶干质量的异速生长指数为1.007 4,整体呈等速生长关系,与分枝特性等无相关关系。基于主成分分析方法,利用表型性状可以把36个F₁代无性系分为8类,不同类型具有独特的生长、分枝特性和潜在的抗旱性能。【结论】美洲黑杨和青杨杂交F₁代无性系表型性状变异丰富,通过早期判断可以针对不同气候和立地条件造林提供无性系选择的初步信息,其中类型Ⅳ中的4个无性系生长量最大、侧枝少,叶型和气孔特性等表型性状表现出一定的耐旱特征,可以选择用于在偏干旱的平原地区或山地进行进一步的适应性造林试验。     

转基因烟草中过量生长素对叶片生长发育的影响

分别构建了ｉａａＭ、ｉａａＭ 和ｉｐｔ共表达植物转化载体,农杆菌介导转化烟草,ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ鉴定转基因株系,ＥＬＩＳＡ方法分析叶片ＩＡＡ、ＩＰＡ 和ＺＲ含量．结果表明:叶片ＩＡＡ 含量高低依次为株系ｉａａＭ１０、ｉａａＭ＿ｉｐｔ３和野生型;而细胞分裂素含量高低依次为ｉａａＭ＿ｉｐｔ３、野生型和ｉａａＭ１０．随着内源ＩＡＡ 水平升高,气孔密度 减 小、保卫细胞长度增加、栅 栏 组 织细胞增大和叶片厚度增加．讨论了生长素和细胞分裂素含量对叶片细胞生长发育的影响．      

渗透胁迫下小麦的膜损伤与ABA增高的关系

以渗透势为－０．６７ＭＰａ的ＰＥＧ根际处理小麦幼苗，在２４ｈ胁迫期间，叶片相对含水量（ＲＷＣ）和叶绿素含量下降，质膜透性于１８ｈ迅速升高，丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量在１２ｈ后急剧增加，超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性下降，过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性升高；而ＡＢＡ含量在胁迫处理下的３ｈ和１５ｈ出现两个高峰．表明渗透胁迫下ＡＢＡ的积累在膜损伤之前．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of