成型菱镁矿粉矿分解动力学

为研究成型菱镁矿粉矿在分解过程中的分解行为机理,利用TG法分析成型菱镁矿粉矿在3,4,5℃/min升温速率下的转化率,并通过Coats-Redfern方程确立成型菱镁矿粉矿热分解动力学三因子。结果表明:成型菱镁矿粉矿分解活化能为96.67 k J/mol,指前因子为4.18×10~5s~(~(-1)),反应机理为三维扩散,由Z-L-T方程控制的三维扩散3D模型为最概然机理函数,动力学微分方程为dα/dt=4.18×10~5exp(-96.67/RT)1.5(1-α)~(4/3)[(1-α)~(-1/3)~(-1)]~(-1)     

不同气氛下氟醚橡胶热分解动力学的对比研究

利用热失重分析方法(TGA),研究了氟醚橡胶生胶在空气和氮气中的热分解规律,并探讨了五种升温速率下的热分解动力学.应用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法计算获得了其热解过程的动力学参数,并利用Popescu法推断得到了热解过程的反应机理函数.研究结果表明:氟醚橡胶生胶只呈现出一个主要的热失重峰;升温速率越大,热分解温度越高;氮气中更稳定且氧气对其热分解有一定的促进作用;空气中的热分解活化能平均值为172.5kJ/mol,氮气中的为260.9kJ/mol;两种气氛下,热解过程均不能由单一的机理函数来描述;空气中,340℃~370℃阶段机理符合相边界反应,球形对称,370℃~380℃阶段机理函数符合Ginstling-Brounshtein(G-B)方程,380℃~400℃阶段符合Zhuralev(Zh)方程;氮气中,400℃~430℃阶段机理函数符合Ginstling-Brounshtein(G-B)方程,430℃~460℃阶段机理符合相边界反应,球形对称.     

生物质花生壳热分解及热分解模拟

用NETZSCH-STA409PC热分析仪研究了生物质花生壳的分解规律和动力学.花生壳的热分解主要有3个失重过程,第1个发生在80～100℃,为失水过程,对应DSC为吸热,失重量6%;第2个发生在100～380℃,为花生壳的热分解过程,该过程为吸热,失重量54%;第3个发生在380～700℃,为热分解残余有机物缓慢分解过程,失重量为16%;700℃后,基本恒重.讨论升温速率、粒度、气速对热分解曲线的影响.拟合了动力学方程函数,并求出动力学参数.花生壳分解可用三维扩散模型(D3)模拟,活化能E=141.67kJ.mol-1,指前因子lgA=8.645 4,用所得D3模型动力学方程预测,在花生壳分解过程中于360℃保温12min它的分解率近100%.这个结果能够用于优化气化分解过程.     

对-叔丁基杯[4]的热力学和热分析动力学

用热重TG和DSC对杯芳烃对-叔丁基杯[4]热分解过程进行了研究,用多升温速率法和单升温速率法相结合的方法推断出了对-叔丁基杯[4]热分解的可能过程,并推断出了其可能的裂解反应动力学方程及热分析动力学参数;得出了结论脱包结甲苯的过程为23号机理函数,为三级反应过程,动力学方程为dα/dt=Ae-(E)/(RT)(1)/(2)(1-α)3;;表观活化能E为166.97 kJ*mol-1,指前因子A为1.67×1016 s-1;自身热分解脱去叔丁基的过程为1号机理函数,反应过程为一维扩散,动力学方程为dα/dt=Ae-(E)/(RT)(1)/(2)α;活化能E为248.89 kJ*mol-1,指前因子A为42.89 s-1.     

替硝唑的非等温热分解动力学及热稳定性研究

报道了用热重法(TG)研究替硝唑（Tinidazole,TNZ）原药及片剂中替硝唑热分解非等温动力学以及药物的稳定性,并对用热重分析仪测定片剂含量的方法进行了探讨.推断出原药热分解过程为零级反应,其动力学方程为dα/dt=Ae-(Ea)/(RT),热分解反应活化能Ea为99.7kJmol-1,指前因子A为3.60×107s-1;片剂中替硝唑的热分解过程为三维扩散级反应,其动力学方程为dα/dt=Ae-(Ea)/(RT)3/2(1+α)2/3/［(1+α)1/3-1］,活化能Ea为105.1kJmol-1,指前因子A为1.08×106s-1.实验表明替硝唑原药具有较高的热解活化能,热稳定性较好;在片剂中热分解机理和分解活化能发生改变,说明赋形剂对药物的热稳定性有一定影响.根据得到的热分解反应的机理函数和动力学参数,得到片剂有效存贮期与贮存温度的关系曲线,估算出在室温（25℃）下,分解率为10%时药物的存贮期为26.7年,分解率为5%时所需要的时间约为6.9年.     

[Cu(C14H9O3)2(C6H16N2)2](C2H5OH)的热分解非等温动力学研究

利用TG ,DTG技术研究了铜的 9—羟基—芴— (9)—羧酸配合物的热分解过程 ,借助TG ,DTG曲线 ,采用Bagchi的积分和微分方程对该配合物的热分解过程进行动力学分析 ,推断出第一、二两步热分解反应的可能机理 ,求出该配合物热分解的非等温动力学数据 .其两步分解的机理都属于二维扩散机理 ,其非等温动力学方程可表示为 :dα dt=A·e-E RT[- 1 ln(1-α) ]     

花生壳的热重-质谱分析及其反应动力学

采用热重-质谱联用(TG-MS)研究了氮气气氛中花生壳在不同升温速率(5,10和20℃/min)下的热解行为,分析得到了花生壳热裂解过程产生的小分子气相产物(CO2,CH4,H2,CO)随温度和升温速率变化的释放规律.结果表明:花生壳热裂解过程分为四个阶段,升温速率越大,花生壳热解的失重温度区间越宽,最大热解速率峰越陡峭.应用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法得出花生壳热裂解过程不同转化率(0.2~0.8)下的活化能在57.3~88.6 k J/mol范围内.结合Achar微分法和Coats-Redfern积分法确定了该反应过程的机理函数表达式,将30种常用机理函数一一代入得出花生壳热裂解机理的最概然函数为球形对称的三维扩散Jander方程,反应级数为2级.     

谷氨酸钠热分解过程的研究

本文采用热重分析法研究了一水合谷氨酸钠的热分解过程。结果表明:一水合谷氨酸钠的热分解过程分为两个阶段,在105℃开始脱去结晶水,在155℃开始分子内脱水。脱结晶水阶段的动力学参数为n=0.2,E_a=102.2 kJ·mol~(-1),A=1.7×10~7S~(-1);分子内脱水阶段的动力学参数为n=3.2,E_a=322.3kJ·mol~(-1),A=1.1×10~(34)S~(-1)。     

几种铈盐的热分解过程及非等温热分解动力学研究

利用TG—DTG—DTA热分析技术研究了二水合碳酸亚铈、九水合草酸亚铈、六水合硝酸亚铈三种铈盐的热分解过程．发现二水合碳酸亚铈在75-180℃下脱去2mol水生成无水碳酸亚铈，后者在220—300℃下分解脱去CO2生成CeO2；九水合草酸亚铈在100-180℃下脱去9mol水生成无水草酸亚铈，后者在290—380℃下分解并同时脱去CO和CO2生成CeO2；而六水合硝酸亚铈在60—80℃下首先脱去3．5mol水生成含2．5个结晶水的硝酸亚铈，后者在190-250℃下脱去2．5mol结晶水生成无水硝酸亚铈，在258—310℃下硝酸亚铈热分解脱去NO2和O2并生成CeO2．采用外推法研究了九水合草酸亚铈两步热分解过程的动力学，由不同升温速率下的热分析曲线及外推β→0获得了相应的固相热分解反应所遵循的分解机理及动力学参数．发现九水合草酸亚铈脱水过程遵循球形对称的三维扩散机理，即Jander方程G（α）=G（α）=[1-（1-α）^1/3]^2，动力学参数E=180．9kJ／mol、lnA=63．5s^-1；而脱CO和CO2过程遵循成核和生长机理，即Avrami-Erofeev方程G（α）=[-ln（1-α）]^1/1.5，动力学参数E=115．4kJ／mol，lnA=22．0s^-1．     

微细菱镁矿热分解过程及动力学

采用TG-DSC热分析技术,在不同升温速率下对高纯微细菱镁矿进行热分解动力学研究.结果表明:随着升温速率的增大,菱镁矿分解速率不断增大且最大分解速率也向高温区偏移.首先使用Hu-Gao-Zhang方程对不同升温速率的TG数据进行计算,确定了热分解机理函数的唯一性和活化能.进而采用双等双步法和产品形貌分析,确定其最概然机理函数为f(α)=2(1-α)^1/2,热分解沿解理面向内进行,属于典型的相边界反应.最后利用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa方程求得指前因子,建立了微细菱镁矿的热分解动力学方程.用两组不同升温速率的TG数据对所建立方程进行验证,方程合理.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the