Protection against the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine by monoamine oxidase inhibitors

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes degeneration of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway in several animal species, including humans, monkeys and mice. Changes observed after MPTP administration include marked decrements in the neostriatal content of dopamine and its major metabolites, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid, and a greatly diminished capacity of neostriatal synaptosomes to take up 3H-dopamine. In contrast, there is no pronounced loss of serotonin in the neostriatum or of dopamine and its metabolites in other brain areas in MPTP-treated animals. The oxidative metabolism of MPTP to 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridine, a positively charged species, has been suggested as a critical feature in the neurotoxic process. Moreover, in rat brain preparations, the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor pargyline and the specific MAO-B inhibitor deprenil can prevent the formation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine from MPTP, while the specific MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline has no such effect, suggesting that MAO, and specifically MAO-B, is responsible for the oxidative metabolism of MPTP. We now report that pargyline, nialamide and tranylcypromine, which inhibit both MAO-A and MAO-B, when administered to mice before MPTP, protect against MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Deprenil is also protective, but clorgyline is not. Our data are consistent with the premise that MAO-B has a crucial role in MPTP-induced degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuronal pathway.     

不同马铃薯基因型对根际细菌群落结构的影响

本研究旨在从根际细菌群落结构的角度阐述不同马铃薯基因型对根际细菌菌群的影响,探讨高山地方种根际细菌菌群特性,挖掘可能对地方种定殖起关键作用的细菌类型.本研究通过高通量测序数据对不同马铃薯基因型根际细菌16SrRNA基因进行操作分类单位(OTU)聚类,分析样品间细菌群落的多样性特征,并通过OTU丰度差异分析揭示引起基因型效应的根际细菌类型.测序结果经质量控制,共获得3 097 269条高质量序列(Clean tags)并依据97%的序列相似性聚类到1 565个有效OTUs,品种间OTU种类相差不大.群落多样性反映高山地方种乌洋芋和牛角洋芋根际细菌群落较其他基因型存在着显著差异.乌洋芋和主栽品种米拉间OTU丰度分析表明乌洋芋中55个OTU丰度上调,143个丰度下调,差异显著.本研究表明,马铃薯根际细菌群落多样性受马铃薯基因型因素的影响,高山地方种相较于自育种和主栽种其根际细菌群落结构表现出显著的差异.