基于DNA链置换反应的编码器逻辑运算模型研究

作为自组装DNA计算领域中一门新技术,DNA链置换反应在分子计算领域得到了广泛的应用.基于自组装DNA计算原理,设计了对应不同逻辑门的DNA分子电路.基于DNA链置换反应机理构建了编码器逻辑电路的分子计算模型.当输入DNA分子信号链时,将不同分子浓度比的DNA分子逻辑门电路混合,借助分子间的特异性杂交反应及分子间链置换反应,最终可输出信号链分子.Visual DSD仿真结果表明了本文设计的编码器逻辑计算模型的可行性与准确性.为拓展分子逻辑电路的应用做出有益的探索.     

Sticker DNA computer model ——Part Ⅰ: Theory

DNAcomputationisanewcomputationalpatternusingDNAmoleculesandsomeenzymesforessentialmaterials,whichisbasedonsomebiochemicalreactions.ThiscomputationalmethodwasfirstlyproposedbyDr.Adlemanin1994[1].ItsprominentadvantageismakingthebestofDNAmoleculeswithenormousmemorygeneticcodes,andimmenseparallelismofbiochemicalreactions.Asaresult,DNAcomputersbasedontheDNAcomputa-tionmodelwillhaveenormousmemorycapacityandegregiousoperationspeed.DNAcomputercanrunwithhighspeed,enormousinformationmemorycapab…     

Sticker DNA computer model ——Part Ⅰ: Theory

Sticker model is one of the basic models in the DNA computer models. This model is coded with single-double stranded DNA molecules. It has the following advantages that the operations require no strands extension and use no enzymes; What‘s more, the materials are reusable.Therefore it arouses attention and interest of scientists in many fields. In this paper, we will systematically analyze the theories and applications of the model, summarize other scientists‘ contributions in this field, and propose our research results. This paper is the theoretical portion of the sticker model on DNA computer, which includes the introduction of the basic model of sticker computing. Firstly, we systematically introduce the basic theories of classic models about sticker computing; Secondly, we discuss the sticker system which is an abstract computing model based on the sticker model and formal languages; Finally, extend and perfect the model, and present two types of models that are more extensive in the applications and more perfect in the theory than the past models: one is the so-called k-bit sticker model, the other is full-message sticker DNA computing model.     

DNA计算机

脱氧核糖核酸（简称DNA）是生物体内的一种具有双螺旋结构的遗传物质,用DNA可以进行运算,即构成的DNA计算机能很快地求解复杂的问题;以DNA编码为信息的载体,DNA计算机中的输入和输出设备都是DNA的,链用一系列二进制的数代表所求问题中的变量,用DNA中特有的寡核苷酸序列表示这些二进制的数,再将DNA利用分子生物和化学组装技术组装到芯片上,利用DNA杂交化学方法,排除各种代表不正确解的寡核苷酸序列,最后通过聚合酶链式反应（PCR）和各种检测技术读出保留在芯片上的DNA序列,读出的DNA序列所代表的二进制数即为所求问题的解,本文将从DNA运算过程入手,介绍DNA计算机的原理和DNA计算机的若干最新研究进展。     

A molecular cryptography model based on structures of DNA self-assembly

With the progress of DNA computing, DNA- based cryptography becomes an emerging interdisciplinary research field. In this paper, we present a novel DNA cryptography that takes advantage of DNA self assembled structure. Making use of the toehold strands recognition and strand displacement, the bit-wise exclusive-or （XOR） operation is carried out to fulfill the information encryption and decryption in the form of a one-time-pad. The security of this system mainly comes from the physical isolation and specificity of DNA molecules. The system is con- structed by using complex DNA self-assembly, in which technique of fluorescent detection is utilized to implement the signal processing. In the proposed DNA cryptography, the XOR operation at each bit is carried out individually, thus the encryption and decryption process could be con- ducted in a massive, parallel way. This work may dem- onstrate that DNA cryptography has the great potential applications in the field of inRwmation security.     

储罐直径对罐壁腐蚀缺陷的漏磁场信号影响分析

受腐蚀因素影响,储罐易发生腐蚀泄漏,储罐罐壁腐蚀一直是无损检测的难点,本文开展罐壁腐蚀缺陷漏磁检测技术研究。在轴向磁化方式下,对储罐壁板缺陷进行漏磁检测时,受壁板直径影响,同一缺陷处不同检测通道的漏磁信号不同,分析各通道漏磁信号与储罐直径的关系,得出直径与各通道漏磁信号峰值的数学模型;在此基础上对各通道漏磁信号进行预处理,建立修正系数,以消除不同通道之间的漏磁信号差异,实现各通道信号均匀化。     

X-ray diffraction from the side-by-side model of DNA

An intriguing topological problem posed by the double-helical Watson-Crick model of DNA is that of unwinding the intertwined strands during replication. Several workers have recently proposed novel side-by-side (SBS) structures for DNA. In all these models the two strands are joined by complementary Watson-Crick base pairs and the antiparallel polynucleotide strands alternate between short segments of right- and left-handed helix, thus both reducing the amount of intertwining and alleviating the unwinding problem. We show here that there are unacceptable discrepancies between the observed diffraction pattern of B-DNA and that calculated for the original SBS structure. We also describe a simple modification of this model which resolves some of the more serious discrepancies. However, the agreement is still markedly inferior to that obtained for a Watson-Crick model of DNA.     

电磁脉冲与电路之间能量耦合辨识建模方法

针对现有机理建模算法普遍存在计算电磁脉冲过于复杂的问题,探索基于实验统计的电磁脉冲效应仿真新方法,利用系统辨识,对以集成稳压电源电路为实验对象的电磁脉冲能量耦合建模进行了研究.由标准信号发生器产生的阶跃信号和方波信号作为激励,基于最小二乘法的OE(output error)模型对能量耦合传递函数进行建模,并用不同幅度的激励及其响应实测数据验证辨识所得模型的预测能力.结果表明,所得模型能较好地预测出响应波形,阶跃信号波形拟合度分别为90.1%,78.7%,76.0%,方波信号拟合度为61.4%.证实了利用系统辨识对电磁脉冲响应建模的正确性.     

A new DNA algorithm to solve graph coloring problem

Using a small quantity of DNA molecules and little experimental time to solve complex problems successfully is a goal of DNA computing. Some NP-hard problems have been solved by DNA computing with lower time complexity than conventional computing. However, this advantage often brings higher space complexity and needs a large number of DNA encoding molecules. One example is graph coloring problem. Current DNA algorithms need exponentially increasing DNA encoding strands with the growing of problem size. Here we propose a new DNA algorithm of graph coloring problem based on the proof of four-color theorem. This algorithm has good properties of needing a relatively small number of operations in polynomial time and needing a small number of DNA encoding molecules (we need only 6R DNA encoding molecules if the number of regions in a graph is R).     

A new DNA algorithm to solve graph coloring problem

Using a small quantity of DNA molecules and little experimental time to solve complex problems successfully is a goal of DNA computing. Some NP-hard problems have been solved by DNA computing with lower time complexity than conventional computing. However, this advantage often brings higher space complexity and needs a large number of DNA encoding molecules. One example is graph coloring problem. Current DNA algorithms need exponentially increasing DNA encoding strands with the growing of problem size. Here we propose a new DNA algorithm of graph coloring problem based on the proof of four-color theorem. This algorithm has good properties of needing a relatively small number of operations in polynomial time and needing a small number of DNA encoding molecules (we need only 6R DNA encoding molecules if the number of regions in a graph is R).     

通过DNA聚合剪切放大体系提高RNA的检测灵敏度

基于循环的DNA剪切循环放大分子机器构建了一个RNA传感器。该分子机器以RNA为输入,产生大量的DNA片段,并替换报告探针上的荧光DNA从而产生荧光信号,实现对靶RNA浓度的放大检测。本分子机器分为两部分,反应部分和报告部分。在反应部分,以靶RNA为输入条件,以一个特殊设计的探针为反应模板引发一个自发连续的DNA聚合-剪切反应网络,重复产生大量信号DNA链;这些信号DNA链进入报告部分,通过杂交替换反应从一个报告探针上替换下带有荧光DNA序列,释放到溶液中。这样通过剪切产生的大量DNA适体序列被释放到溶液中,并替换报告探针上的荧光DNA,实现信号的放大。     

Molecular logic computing model based on self-assembly of DNA nanoparticles

In this paper, a logic computing model was constructed using a DNA nanoparticle, combined with color change technology of DNA/Au nanoparticle conjugates, and DNA computing. Several important technologies are utilized in this molecular computing model: DNA self-assembly, DNA/Au nanoparticle conjugation, and the color change resulting from Au nanoparticle aggregation. The simple logic computing model was realized by a color change, resulting from changing of DNA self-assembly. Based on this computing model, a set of operations computing model was also established, by which a simple logic problem was solved. To enlarge the applications of this logic nanocomputing system, a molecular detection method was developed for H1N1 virus gene detection.     

纱条混纺比对电容式条干均匀度仪测试信号的影响

根据电容式均匀度仪的原理,当混纺纱条在电容式传感器中的充满度很小时,提出成分、纤维和空气三者组成串联或并联介质的分析方法。这两种分析方法均可推得电容变化量与纱条混纺比之间的线性关系。但是,串联方法的结果与实验结果存在明显差异,并联方法则与实际情况较为吻合,因此,对于混纺纱条,当成分纤维介电常数的差异及混纺不匀较大时,测得的不匀率数值将大于纱条的实际条干不匀率。     

反混叠离散时间时频分布

Ｃｏｈｅｎ类双线性时频分布作为一种有力的非平稳信号解析工具，得到日益广泛的应用，该文引入了一种新的双线性离散时间时频分布，与原有的利用解析信号方法相比，它利用信号全部局部自相关信息，从而在不必计算解析信号的情况下，解决了按一倍Ｎｙｑｕｉｓｔ率对原始信号抽样时其时频分布产生混叠的问题，并且讨论了新方法的性质及其核函数应满足的条件。     

基于冲突分析的四肢环形交叉口信号周期计算

针对四肢无信号环形交叉口通行能力不足的问题,为这类交叉口设置了八组的交通信号灯,以及相互协调的信号相位方案,使其直行车流最多一次停车,左转车流最多两次停车.详细分析这种协调信号相位的车流结构,解剖各股车流的冲突关系,在Webster周期公式的基础上,提出了这种协调信号配时方案的周期计算方法.并应用到株洲市中心广场环形交叉口的信号周期确定中.     

确定盲分离中未知信号源个数的奇异值分解法

在信号源少于传感器观测到的混合信号时,未知信号源数目的估计一直是已有盲分离算法中一个未解决的问题,通过理论分析,提高并证明了在信号源盲分离问题中,可以通过计算混合信号数据矩阵的秩数来确定信号源的个数,存在观测噪声时,可以通过计算混合信号数据矩阵的奇异值分解进行估计未知信号源数目,给出了实际的计算方法,并通过计算实例证明了该方法的正确性和有效性,从而解决了盲分离中信号源个数的估计问题,为盲分离技术的应用进一步奠定了基础。     

多特征和支持向量机相结合的语音端点检测模型

为提高语音端点检测正确率,提出一种基于多特征和支持向量机相结合的语音端点检测模型。首先提取多种语音特征,并将它们组合在一起,然后将组合特征输入到支持向量机训练建立相应的语音识别模型,最后采用建立模型对语音信号进行检测和识别。仿真结果表明,与其他检测模型相比,多特征融合和支持向量机的检测模型提高了语音端点检测正确率,具有更好的适应性和鲁棒性,对不同信噪比的信号都有较好的检测能力。     

电磁作动器信号特性分析及建模

为对一款实验所用的定制电磁作动器进行数学建模,对电磁作动器进行大量实验和测量来采集信号数据,并通过将数据进行降噪处理和积分转换等方法分析研究了电磁作动器输入输出信号,研究拟合其数据结果,建立了此电磁作动器的数学模型。结果表明：建立了一个直观表达输入输出信号之间关系的电磁作动器数学模型,且该模型满足后续工程使用要求。     

分子生物计算在逻辑演算中的应用

DNA计算是一种基于生化反应机理的新型信息处理模式,与基于图灵机思想的电子计算机原理截然不同。近年来,DNA分子生物计算理论、实验技术的快速发展为DNA计算机的实现技术提供了一种新的理论和手段。文章首次尝试了DNA计算在逻辑演算中的应用,拓宽了DNA计算的应用领域。模型的最大优点是反应物可以在溶液中充分混合接触而进行生化反应,充分体现了DNA计算巨大并行性的优点,另外编码数和操作数都是线性增加的。     

DNA粘接计算模型及其应用

DNA计算是应用分子生物技术进行计算的新方法。应用形式语言及自动机理论技术研究DNA计算理论,有利于推动理论计算科学的发展。本文根据DNA分子的结构及特点给出了DNA分子的形式化描述,介绍了DNA粘接计算模型的文法结构和计算能力,并应用DNA计算方法求解3-SAT问题。