含氟双酯类负性液晶化合物的合成和性能（Ⅱ）──（4－对正烷基（烷氧基）苯甲酰氧基－3－氟苯甲酸对正烷基（烷氧基）苯酯

合成了文题所示两个系列计４个液晶化合物。对各化合物进行了红外光谱、核磁共振、质谱和元素分析，确证了其分子结构。测试了各液晶的介电各向异性、相变温度和相态等。结果表明，此类液晶均为负性液晶。     

新型膦酸酯类化合物的合成及除草活性

为获得具有良好除草活性的新型膦酸酯化合物，基于活性亚结构拼接原理，将呋喃环引入先导结构IV的R位设计合成了8个结构新颖的膦酸酯类化合物，并对其进行了除草活性和杀草谱测试.测试结果表明大部分化合物都具有较高的除草活性，其中化合物V-1在75 g·hm^-2(a.i.)的浓度下，对测试杂草的效果与草甘膦相当，显示了具有作为除草剂先导化合物进一步研究的价值.     

4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮席夫碱合成及毒性

以自制的4－氨基－1，2，4－三唑－3－酮为原料，分别与取代的芳香醛反应，采用已有的合成方法设计合成了8个席夫碱类化合物，所有化合物通过^1H NMR,IR，元素分析和熔点测试，确定了化合物的分子结构，初步测定了它们在不同浓度下对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌的抑制作用。测试结果表明，部分化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌有较好的抑制作用。     

苯乙酰异谷氨酰胺类化合物合成及抗肿瘤活性

苯乙酰异谷酰胺作为抗癌酮（Antineoplaston A10）在体内的一种降解产物，具有一定程度的抗肿瘤活性。为此设计并合成了一些新的苯乙酰异谷氨酰胺类化合物以测试其抗肿瘤活性。合成中采用在酸性条件下，先选择性地对L－谷氨酸γ位羧基进行酯化，再进一步合成目标化合物，反应条件温和，收率好。所合成化合物结构经IR、^1HNMR及元素分析鉴定，对所合成的目标化合物的抗肿瘤活性采用MTT法对体外培养的乳腺癌细胞成活率进行了测试，初步结果显示有一定抑制肿瘤细胞存活的作用。     

光致变色双螺萘并嗪的合成

合成了３个由—ＮＨＣＯ（ＣＨ２）ｎＣＯＮＨ—链连接的双螺萘并嗪光致变色化合物，经红外光谱，核磁共振氢谱和元素分析确证了其结构，并对它们在聚苯乙烯薄膜中的吸收光谱和光致变色性能进行了测试。结果表明：双螺嗪化合物有色态的吸收光谱明显红移，其稳定性显著提高，８°Ｃ下螺嗪化合物有色态的暗退色反应遵循两种不同的动力学过程。     

一种组氨酸修饰的芘类Hg2+荧光探针

〖JP2〗以组氨酸和芘甲酸为原料，设计合成了一种荧光化合物芘甲酰组氨酸甲酯，通过核磁、质谱表征其结构. 荧光测试结果表明，在水溶液中该化合物能够对Hg2+表现出荧光猝灭响应，而相同条件下其他金属离子对该化合物几乎没有类似的荧光识别现象，因此该荧光化合物对Hg2+具有专一荧光识别作用，是一种有效的Hg2+荧光探针.〖JP〗     

光系统Ⅱ（ＰＳⅡ）抑制剂的合成与生物活性研究

合成了系列新型光系统Ⅱ（ＰＳⅡ）抑制剂，进行了元素分析和生物活性测试，测试结果表明，所合成的化合物均具有希尔反应抑制活性，有一些化合物的活性还较高，为新型ＰＳⅡ除草剂的开发应用提供了重要信息。     

α—膦酰基氨基甲酸酯的合成和生物活性（I）

通过α－羟基烃基膦酸酯与甲基异氰酸酯的缩合反应了合成了标题化合物，并用ＩＲ，＾１ＨＮＭＲ，ＭＳ和元素分析对所合成的化合物的结构进行了分析与鉴定，测试了所合成了化合物的杀虫活性，结果表明部分化合物具有良好的活性。     

氨基苯氧乙酸乙酯类席夫碱的合成及生物活性

合成了６种新的ｐ－氨基苯氧乙酸乙酯与芳醛反应生成的席夫碱，对其产率、物理性质作了首次报道，并用ＵＶ、ＩＲ、＾１Ｈ ＮＭＲ、元素分析对其做了表征。初步生物活性测试证明此类席夫碱化合物具有较好的植物生长激素活性。     

1-[5-对甲氧苯基-1，3，4-噁二唑-2-基]-3-（取代苯甲酰基）-硫脲的合成及抑菌活性研究

设计合成了10个未见文献报道的酰基硫脲类化合物，所有化合物的结构经IR，^1H NMR和元素分析确证．初步生物测试结果表明，大多数化合物具有较好的抑菌活性．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the