LFM信号参数估计的插值FRFT算法

提出了一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换（fractional Fourier transform, FRFT）的线性调频（linear frequency modulation, LFM）信号参数估计的插值算法。首先针对FRFT的旋转角度α搜索步长问题,提出了在较大搜索步长下进行插值以得到α精估计的方法;然后针对离散分数阶傅里叶变换(digital fractional Fourier transform, DFRFT)因参数u离散化而造成的栏栅效应问题,采用相邻谱线进行插值以得到u的精估计;最后用α和u插值精估计结果对单分量LFM信号的参数进行估计。这一方法在不影响估计精度的前提下,降低了计算量和复杂度。仿真结果表明,在较低的信噪比下,LFM信号参数估计的精度仍十分逼近克拉美罗界(Cramer-Rao bound, CRB)。     

Radial acceleration estimation of multiple high maneuvering targets

The acceleration of a high maneuvering target in signal processing is helpful to enhance the performance of the tracker and facilitate the classification of targets. At present, most of the research on acceleration estimation is carried out in cases of a single target with time-frequency analysis methods such as fractional Fourier transform （FRFT）, Hough-ambiguity transform （HAT）, and Wigner-Vil e distribution （WVD）, which need to satisfy enough time duration and sampling theorem. Only one reference proposed a method of acceleration estimation for multiple targets based on modified polynomial phase transform （MPPT） in the lin-ear frequency modulation （LFM） continuous-wave （CW） radar. The method of acceleration estimation for multiple targets in the pulse Doppler （PD） radar has not been reported so far. Compressive sensing （CS） has the advantage of sampling at a low rate and short duration without sacrificing estimation performance. There-fore, this paper proposes a new method of acceleration estimation for multiple maneuvering targets with the unknown number based on CS with pulse Doppler signals. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method under several conditions with different duration, measurement numbers, signal to noise ra-tios （SNR）, and regularization parameters, respectively. Simulation results also show that the performance of the proposed method is superior to that of FRFT and HAT in the condition of multiple targets.     

时域欠采样线性调频信号参数估计方法

针对Nyquist采样频率过高 ,硬件实现困难的问题 ,提出了一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换的时域欠采样线性调频信号参数估计方法。该方法首先用时域解线调方法估计调频斜率 ,然后在分数阶傅里叶变换域进行滤波 ,实现信号提取。利用PRO ESPRIT方法进行初始频率估计。数值仿真表明 ,本方法能够实现多个线性调频信号的高精度参数估计 ,在低信噪比下仍有较好的估计性能     

基于四阶累积量的线性调频信号参量估计

针对加性高斯有色噪声背景下的一维、二维线性调频信号的参量估计问题,引入高阶统计量,提出了一种基于四阶累积量的新方法。该方法利用高阶累积量对加性高斯噪声有较好的抑制能力的特性,结合极大似然方法,可获得较低信噪比下的线性调频信号参量的较高精度的估计。给出了应用该方法的具体步骤,通过仿真实验证明了该算法的有效性。     

基于子空间原理的共形阵列多参数联合估计算法

由于共形载体表面曲率变化的影响,共形阵列流形中的信源方位与极化状态产生“耦合”,为多维参数联合估计带来较大难度。针对该问题,利用交叉电偶极子对天线单元在锥面和柱面载体上合理布阵,建立了其快拍数据模型,并提出一种信源方位和极化状态的联合估计算法。算法利用锥面和柱面等单曲率结构的特殊性合理设置坐标系,从而避免了多维角度搜索,有效降低了运算量,并且很容易推广到其他多种单曲率几何结构的共形载体中。Monte Carlo仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

基于分数阶Fourier变换的水声信道参数估计

提出基于分数阶Fourier变换(FRFT)对水声信道参数进行估计。分数阶Fourier变换存在相应的最佳分数阶数使给定的chirp信号能量聚集于一最大值,且具有时移、频移特性,使其可适用于存在多途扩展及多普勒频偏的声信道参数估计。通过计算机仿真验证,当存在较大的多普勒频偏时,拷贝相关器将不适用,而FR-FT具有很好的鲁棒性,可估计存在多普勒频偏的多途声信道参数。     

Adaptive unscented Kalman filter for parameter and state estimation of nonlinear high-speed objects

An adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF) and an augmented state method are employed to estimate the timevarying parameters and states of a kind of nonlinear high-speed objects. A strong tracking filter is employed to improve the tracking ability and robustness of unscented Kalman filter (UKF) when the process noise is inaccuracy, and wavelet transform is used to improve the estimate accuracy by the variance of measurement noise. An augmented square-root framework is utilized to improve the numerical stability and accuracy of UKF. Monte Carlo simulations and applications in the rapid trajectory estimation of hypersonic artillery shells confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Dynamic threshold for SPWVD parameter estimation based on Otsu algorithm

Time-frequency-based methods are proven to be effective for parameter estimation of linear frequency modulation （LFM） signals. The smoothed pseudo Winger-Ville distribution （SPWVD） is used for the parameter estimation of multi-LFM signals, and a method of the SPWVD binarization by a dynamic threshold based on the Otsu algorithm is proposed. The proposed method is effective in the demand for the estimation of different parameters and the unknown signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） circumstance. The performance of this method is confirmed by numerical simulation.     

FRFT域LFM信号的调频率分辨率与相位差的关系

相位差是影响信号分辨的一个重要因素。当采样率足够高时,研究在分数阶傅里叶变换域两个线性调频(linear frequency modulation, LFM)信号的相位差与调频率分辨率的约束关系。通过建立调频率的分辨模型,推导出在两个LFM信号可分辨范围内相位差的上界和下界,只有当相位差处于上界和下界之间时,两个LFM信号才可以分辨。仿真结果表明,分辨率的理论值与实际值之间偏差较小,基本吻合。     

分数阶Fourier变换中量纲归一化因子的选取

针对分数阶Fourier变换数值计算中量纲归一化因子的优化选取,分析了量纲归一化对chirp信号的调频率和初始频率的影响,以及chirp信号在(p,u)平面上的尖峰位置的影响,推导了两个chirp信号的尖峰在p轴和u轴上的投影距离与量纲归一化因子的关系。发现两个尖峰的距离随着量纲归一化因子的变化而变化,并且具有极大值。提出一种量纲归一化因子选取的方法,通过调节信号的观测时间和采样频率,选择合理的量纲归一化因子,增大两个信号尖峰间的距离,减小多分量chirp信号在分数阶Fourier域的相互影响。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

Wideband angle of arrival estimation of chirp signals using virtual Wignerville distribution

To estimate the angle of arrivals (AOA) of wideband chirp sources, a new time-frequency algorithm is proposed. In this method, virtual sensors are constructed based on the fact that the steering vectors of wideband chirp signals are linear and vary with time. And the randon Wignersville distribution (RWVD) of real sensors and virtual sensors are calculated to yield the new time-invariable steering vectors, furthermore, the noise and cross terms are suppressed. In addition, the multiple chirp signals are selected by their time-frequency points. The cost of computation is lower than the common AOA estimation methods of wideband sources due to nonrequirement of frequency focusing, interpolating and matrix decomposition, including subspace decomposition. Under the lower signal noise ratio (SNR) condition, the proposed method exhibits better precision than the method of frequency focusing (FF). The proposed method can be further applied to nonuniform linear array (NLA) since it is not confined to the array geometry. Simulation results illustrate the efficacy of the proposed method.     

高精度LFM信号参数估计的谱校正方法

为精确估计噪声背景下线性调频（linear frequency modulation, LFM）信号的调频率和中心频率等参数,提出了一种基于Radon模糊变换（Radon-ambiguity transform, RAT）和分数阶傅里叶变换（fractional Fourier transform, FRFT）的离散谱校正估计方法。该方法将LFM信号的调频率和中心频率估计问题转化为模糊域和分数阶Fourier域上的两次一维谱峰搜索过程,并且通过对矩形窗截断的LFM信号的RAT和FRFT谱线结构分析,将能量重心谱校正法引入两次谱峰搜索过程,在不增加运算量的基础上实现了谱峰位置的超分辨率估计,较大幅度地提高了信号的参数估计精度。仿真结果显示,对于单分量LFM信号情况,该方法对信号的RAT和FRFT谱峰位置的校正误差分别降到了扫描步长的1.55%和4.94%,证明了该方法的有效性。     

一种LFM信号相位域快速高精度参数估计算法

研究了加性高斯白噪声污染的线性调频(linear frequency modulation,LFM)信号的参数估计问题,提出了一种相位域参数估计算法。首先对LFM信号的起始频率和调频斜率进行粗估计,然后利用粗估计值把接收信号变为基带信号,基带信号包含了起始频率和调频斜率的残差;接着对基带信号进行相位展开得到瞬时相位,对其运用最小二乘拟合得到起始频率和调频斜率残差的估计值;综合粗估计和残差估计得到最终的参数估计值。仿真表明,本方法在高于信噪比门限时精度接近克拉美-罗限,精度高于基于离散傅里叶变换的离散多项式变换法,信噪比门限低于传统的相位法。     

基于分数阶傅里叶变换的星载SAR信号参数实时估计

针对星载合成孔径雷达（synthetic aperture radar, SAR）信号参数估计问题,提出了一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换的实时估计方法。首先,介绍了分数阶傅里叶变换的定义和chirp信号参数的估计原理。其次,在介绍星载SAR运行特点的基础上,针对单脉冲和脉冲串这两种情况进行了相应参数的实时估计：通过对接收到的星载SAR单脉冲信号进行分数阶傅里叶变换,可以估计出星载SAR的载频和调频率;通过对接收到的星载SAR信号的脉冲串进行分数阶傅里叶变换,可以估计出方位调频率。仿真和实验证明这种方法是可行的。     

基于自适应形态学的跳频信号参数联合盲估计

跳频通信的应用大大提高了军事装备的抗干扰和抗截获能力,使得跳频对抗技术面临严峻的挑战。为解决传统形态学跳频信号参数估计方法中结构元素选择困难问题并提高估计精度,提出了一种基于自适应形态学的跳频信号参数联合盲估计方法。首先,对跳频信号进行短时傅里叶变换获取谱图。然后,从其时间轴投影中获取结构元素尺寸的知识, 设计自适应形态学滤波器抑制谱图噪声, 提取跳频图案初步估计跳频参数。最后, 引入最小二乘估计方法, 对跳频周期和跳变时刻进行精估计。仿真结果表明,此方法能够同时估计出跳频频率、跳频周期和跳变时刻, 不需要其中某一种参数作为先验条件, 在复杂的通信环境也能够保持良好的估计性能。     

基于重构信号和1范数的动目标参数估计方法

提出了一种基于重构信号和1范数的动目标参数估计方法。该方法利用重构信号与杂波抑制后数据的1范数构造代价函数完成对动目标的参数估计,能够在雷达发射脉冲数有限的情况下获得准确的参数估计结果。给出了其对应Cramer-Rao界的详细推导过程;通过将仿真结果与Cramer-Rao界的比较,证明了该方法的有效性。     

过采样下分数阶傅里叶变换的改进算法

针对Ozaktas采样型分数阶傅里叶变换(fractional Fourier transform, FRFT)的计算量偏大以及分辨率较低的弱点,研究了过采样条件下采样型FRFT的计算,提出了一种改进算法。在过采样条件下,通过减小变换阶的取值范围,使在时频平面上的频率分布范围缩小,时域离散间隔保持不变,避免了插值运算,计算量明显减小,且算法具有可逆性。经过进一步拓展,改进算法具有分辨率可调,输出区域可选,输出长度可变的特点。最后通过数值仿真对改进算法进行了验证。     

基于分数阶傅里叶变换的LFM混响空时预白化方法

针对主动声纳在浅海混响背景下线性调频(linear frequency modulation, LFM)信号检测的高虚警问题,提出了基于分数阶傅里叶变换(fractional Fourier transform, FRFT)的空时预白化(space time prewhitening, STPW)方法。该方法利用FRFT对LFM信号良好的频域聚焦性,将混响信号变换到分数阶傅里叶域进行白化处理,使混响中的线变频率变换为稳定频率,增强了混响的局部稳定性,从而改善了混响的白化效果。通过实测混响数据对所提方法进行了验证,实验结果表明,所提方法使匹配滤波检测器的统计性能在信混比(signal to reverberation ratio, SRR)-16 dB~0 dB范围内平均提高了13%,显著提高了主动声纳在混响背景下的检测性能。     

UBSS and blind parameters estimation algorithms for synchronous orthogonal FH signals

By using the sparsity of frequency hopping（FH） signals,an underdetermined blind source separation（UBSS） algorithm is presented. Firstly, the short time Fourier transform（STFT） is performed on the mixed signals. Then, the mixing matrix, hopping frequencies, hopping instants and the hooping rate can be estimated by the K-means clustering algorithm. With the estimated mixing matrix, the directions of arrival（DOA） of source signals can be obtained. Then, the FH signals are sorted and the FH pattern is obtained. Finally, the shortest path algorithm is adopted to recover the time domain signals. Simulation results show that the correlation coefficient between the estimated FH signal and the source signal is above 0.9 when the signal-to-noise ratio（SNR） is higher than 0 d B and hopping parameters of multiple FH signals in the synchronous orthogonal FH network can be accurately estimated and sorted under the underdetermined conditions.