榨菜加工中亚硝酸盐含量的动态研究

对涪陵榨菜现行两种加工工艺———风脱水、盐脱水加工中亚硝酸盐的含量进行了研究,旨在弄清两种工艺加工中榨菜亚硝酸盐的含量变化规律。结果表明:榨菜加工过程中,亚硝酸盐含量变化呈规律性变化,盐脱水工艺其亚硝酸盐含量呈下降趋势;而风脱水工艺亚硝酸盐含量呈下降、上升、再下降的变化规律;榨菜经两种工艺加工成熟后,亚硝酸盐含量低微,食用是安全的。     

不同发酵菌对腐乳风味的影响

腐乳风味成分含量丰富,气味浓郁,多地名优产品风味成分已有研究报道,但是尚未见关于发酵剂对腐乳风味成分的影响研究.使用3种毛霉菌纯种发酵,采用顶空固相微萃取技术检测不同菌种发酵结束和腌制后2个阶段的腐乳挥发性成分.结果表明在发酵结束时,腐乳毛胚的挥发性成分较少,主要成分是蛋白质的分解产物三甲胺、苯酚和吲哚;腌制后,腐乳成品挥发性成分更丰富,主要是添加辅料及其相互作用产生的风味成分.但是发酵菌对腐乳的风味有着显著的影响,不同霉菌发酵的毛坯和腐乳的主要风味成分和含量存在差异,且能用感官感知其差异性,其中以总状毛霉生产的腐乳风味浓郁.     

芥菜腌制新技术研究

以新鲜芥菜为原料,开发出独特的加入优质乳酸菌种进行芥菜生产发酵的新工艺。确定4株乳酸菌的最佳天然载体为洋白菜汁。经过正交试验研究乳酸菌株接入洋白菜汁后的最佳发酵条件为:p H值为6.5、发酵温度为36℃、加糖量为2%。该技术适用于腌制芥菜等蔬菜的研制开发,实现了该类传统产品的安全化、规范化和工业化生产。     

屏蔽氯离子干扰高盐榨菜废水中COD的测定方法

高盐废水中氯离子的存在会严重干扰COD的测定,因此,如何屏蔽氯离子干扰准确测定其COD的难点之一。为研究高盐榨菜废水中更为准确的COD测定方法,实验中采用了2种屏蔽氯离子的方法：硫酸汞屏蔽法和硝酸银屏蔽法,屏蔽后再通过传统回流冷凝法来测定实验模拟配水水样中的COD,并比较两种方法的屏蔽效果。结果表明：硫酸汞屏蔽法的最佳HgSO4/Cl -值为40,此时误差最小,为1.43%,硝酸银滴定法的误差为0.21%,得出硝酸银屏蔽法的屏蔽效果较好;再分别用这两种方法屏蔽榨菜废水中的氯离子后测定其COD值,结果显示两种方法测定的COD相差了20 mg/L,而硫酸汞屏蔽法更适合于榨菜废水中COD的测定。综合以上2种方法的屏蔽特点,采用先用硝酸银滴定氯离子浓度,再添加少量的硫酸汞的联合方法测定榨菜废水中的COD值,结果表明此方法更可靠。     

市场上酸奶乳酸菌含量调查分析

为了解市售酸奶乳酸菌含量,选取三种品牌的酸奶,采用稀释平板菌落计数法对其乳酸菌含量进行调查分析,乳酸菌含量均达到国家标准,符合国家要求的乳酸菌个数指标,但三种酸奶的乳酸菌含量有一定的差异。结果表明:酸奶的出产日期、酸奶的种类、酸奶的储藏时间等与乳酸菌含量有关。     

霉鱼生产过程中品质特性变化研究

对江西特色食品霉鱼在干燥、腌制及自然发酵过程中的品质变化进行了研究。结果表明:霉鱼经过干燥和腌制后其中的水分含量迅速下降。在发酵保藏过程中,霉鱼p H值下降,TVB-N值、亚硝酸盐、过氧化值和硫代巴比妥酸活性物质含量不断上升。肌原纤维蛋白和肌浆蛋白含量下降,肌原纤维蛋白和肌浆蛋白的羰基含量上升,巯基含量下降,蛋白在霉鱼生产过程中降解氧化。通过物理特性、化学性质、微生物变化及感官4个方面综合评价,原料发酵30 d的品质达到最佳,最长发酵保藏时间为60 d。     

乳酸菌在乳制品及其他食品中的应用

乳酸菌作为一种益生菌,具有多种生理功能,用其发酵食品更是具有改善风味、延长保质期等特点,因此,近些年乳酸菌的在食品中的应用范围大大扩展,不再限于传统发酵的乳制品。本文列举了乳酸菌发酵的新型乳制品及其他一些食品,简述了工艺流程。并提出了不足之处和改进意见。     

不同植物油对植物肉风味及感官特性的影响

为探究不同脂肪酸组成的植物油对植物肉风味及感官品质的影响,将常用于食品加工且脂肪酸组成差异较大的5种植物油(菜籽油、大豆油、花生油、葵花籽油、棕榈油)添加到植物肉中,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)对其进行风味分析,结合感官评价和质构分析等方法对5组植物肉进行对比。实验结果表明,5组植物肉的挥发性成分、感观属性、质构特性等存在显著差异。5组样品中共鉴定出79种挥发性组分,其中30种可被嗅闻到,主要包括吡嗪类、呋喃类、醛类、含硫类化合物。2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪、2-戊基呋喃、3-甲硫基丙醛等化合物的嗅闻强度最大。与其他样品相比,添加花生油的样品C和添加菜籽油的样品A中挥发性化合物种类和含量较多,但样品C的香气轮廓中油脂味较为突出,且该组样品的硬度与胶黏性较差,并不适用于植物肉的生产制作。样品A以肉香味为主,其硬度、弹性较大。研究结果表明,含芥酸、油酸较多的菜籽油更适用于植物肉的加工生产,对植物肉的风味、质构等感官品质具有明显增强作用。     

发酵条件对紫苏鱼丸感官的影响

以紫苏饼粕为原料,经发酵后用于鱼丸加工.研究乳酸菌接入量、酵母菌接入量、发酵时间对发酵型紫苏鱼丸感官风味品质的影响,对其理化指标及微生物指标进行测定.结果表明:各因素对发酵的影响按照大小顺序为酵母菌接入量(B)、发酵时间(C)、乳酸菌接入量(A),得到最优方案为A2B2C2,即乳酸菌接入量为2.0%、酵母菌接入量为4%、发酵时间为6 h时,紫苏鱼丸发酵的感官风味品质最佳.正常加工对照组鱼丸与发酵型紫苏鲶鱼鱼丸质构特性检测的结果显示,发酵型紫苏鲶鱼鱼丸的质构特性均高于对照组鱼丸的质构特性;理化指标及微生物指标的测定结果表明,发酵型紫苏鲶鱼鱼丸具有很高营养价值及功能特性.     

桑葚酵素复合与自然发酵的功效成分、感官评价与抗氧化活性比较

以桑葚为原料,采用自然发酵与复合发酵2种不同的发酵工艺制备桑葚酵素,比较桑葚酵素在2种不同工艺发酵过程中的功效成分、感官评价与抗氧化活性的变化.结果显示,在自然发酵与复合发酵过程中,pH以及多糖、多酚的含量变化趋势基本一致,而黄酮含量有较大差异.从感官评价结果来看,复合发酵制备的桑葚酵素优于自然发酵的.2种发酵工艺制备...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that