电弧放电减弱激波强度的仿真研究

为了研究电弧等离子体数学建模,首先分析了等离子体与超声速流场相互作用的机理,然后开展了不同放电组数、放电位置与电弧温度对激波减阻效果影响的仿真研究。结果表明:随着激励位置的前移,主流激波强度减小;随着激励组数的增加,主流激波前移,主流激波强度减小;热量源项温度存在一个阈值,能够使流场出现热节流现象。因此当温度继续增大后,激波变化不明显。最后进行了实验验证。研究结果表明施加等离子体激励减弱了尖劈前方斜激波的强度。同时,进一步证明了等离子体与超声速流场耦合的热机理。     

新型超声速旋流分离器设计及数值模拟

设计一种静态导向叶片安装在拉伐尔喷管之前,使流体经旋流后再进入拉伐尔喷管进行膨胀降温的新型超声速旋流分离器.新型超声速旋流分离器中气流的旋转发生在亚声速段,使得分离器内的激波更容易控制,降低能量损失,使液滴的再蒸发影响程度减小,从而提高分离器的分离性能及压力恢复能力.对新型超声速旋流分离器内流体的流动规律进行数值模拟研究.结果表明:随着升压比的增大,激波位置由扩压器向喷管方向移动,升压比控制在40% ～ 73%内,超声速旋流分离器可正常工作;气流在拉伐尔喷管出口处形成低温、低压区,马赫数达到2.0,静温达-98.82 ℃,静压达82.945 kPa;新型分离器内旋流场离心加速度可达243558g(g为重力加速度),能够实现良好的超声速气液旋流分离.     

Laval喷管设计及在天然气液化中的应用研究

提出通过超声速喷管使气体在高速流动条件下急剧膨胀而产生的低温效应液化天然气。结合双三次曲线法、BWRS真实气体状态方程、圆弧加直线方法及边界层黏性修正进行Laval喷管的设计,对喷管内甲烷气体的流动及液化过程进行研究,并分析入口温度、压力及背压对甲烷气液化过程的影响。研究结果表明:气体在喷管内流动达到超声速并导致低压低温,促使气体液化;入口温度的降低或入口压力的升高能促进气体液化,但过低温度(低于170 K)将使气体进入固相区,同样,提高压力时,由于比热比增大,当压力增大到2.5 MPa时也将使气体进入固相区,阻碍气体的液化;随着背压的升高,激波将进入喷管内,减弱或破坏气体的液化过程。利用超声速旋流分离器液化天然气时,应尽可能地回收压力能并保证激波不进入喷管和旋流分离段内。     

超声速旋流天然气分离器的旋流特性数值模拟

与传统的低温分离工艺相比，超声速旋流天然气分离器是天然气处理工艺技术的一大创新。在超声速旋流天然气分离器中，气流经过拉伐尔喷管绝热膨胀形成带液滴的超声速低温混合气流，在超声速翼的作用下混合气流由轴流转换成旋流，实现超声速旋流分离。超声速翼是实现气液分离的关键部件。设计了三角薄板型超声速翼，并利用CFD软件对超声速翼段内气流温度、压力、马赫数等特性参数的变化规律和翼段沿主流方向切向速度的变化情况进行了分析。结果表明，在所设计的超声速翼段内，气流能始终保持超声速，翼段出口马赫数为1．4，翼前无激波产生；分离器的旋流加速度最高在572000g，可实现良好的超声速气液旋流分离。     

马赫数及间距对串列双圆柱超声速绕流的影响

为揭示不同条件下超声速圆柱绕流流动机理，该文对等直径串列双圆柱超声速绕流进行了数值研究。该文基于有限体积法和欧拉方程，结合5阶高精度加权本质无振荡格式，对不同马赫数及不同圆柱间距对流场的影响规律进行了数值研究，获得了超声速串列双圆柱绕流流场稳定后的流场特性和升力、阻力系数变化规律。结果表明，计算域内的复杂波系主要由弓形激波、反射激波以及弱激波组成；马赫数的增加会使激波结构被拉伸，改变弓形激波在壁面发生的反射类型，并造成计算域出口壅塞进而影响升力、阻力系数的稳定；圆柱间距的增加使得圆柱后方速度剪切层发生摆动，并造成不同间距条件下升力、阻力系数间的差异。     

超声速旋流天然气分离器的旋流特性数值模拟

与传统的低温分离工艺相比,超声速旋流天然气分离器是天然气处理工艺技术的一大创新.在超声速旋流天然气分离器中,气流经过拉伐尔喷管绝热膨胀形成带液滴的超声速低温混合气流,在超声速翼的作用下混合气流由轴流转换成旋流,实现超声速旋流分离.超声速翼是实现气液分离的关键部件.设计了三角薄板型超声速翼,并利用CFD软件对超声速翼段内气流温度、压力、马赫数等特性参数的变化规律和翼段沿主流方向切向速度的变化情况进行了分析.结果表明,在所设计的超声速翼段内,气流能始终保持超声速,翼段出口马赫数为1.4,翼前无激波产生;分离器的旋流加速度最高在572000g,可实现良好的超声速气液旋流分离.     

磁流体流动控制在航空工程中的应用与发展

总结了国内外磁流体(MHD)流动控制的研究现状,重点介绍了磁流体流动控制的3个典型实验:调节超音速进气道激波系结构,抑制流体边界层分离,减弱诱导激波强度;对磁流体流动控制机理进行了初步分析,说明放电等离子体能在激励区产生高温等离子体层,由于局部气体高温高压诱导出激波,形成虚拟尖劈,从而改变原有流场结构,施加磁场的主要用途是对放电电弧施加宏观的洛仑兹体积力,控制电弧运动的方向.最后,总结了磁流体流动控制的优势,并对国内MHD流动控制在航空工程上的应用与发展进行了展望.     

某超燃冲压发动机尾喷管的三维流场特性

超燃冲压发动机结构简单,推重比大,应用前景广阔.但其流场结构十分复杂,研究超燃冲压发动机三维流场结构具有重要的意义.采用计算流体力学软件对某超燃冲压发动机尾喷管的三维流场进行数值模拟,先后得到了流场的密度、马赫数、涡量及速度矢量线图.结果表明:喷管内及侧壁面出口处存在膨胀波.各个壁面出口处附近的流场存在羽流激波和剪切层,内喷管出口周围的羽流激波和剪切层呈环状分布在流场周围,上壁面尾部受羽流激波的影响产生一道由压强决定的管内斜激波.内喷管出口及上壁面尾部处也均存在流向涡结构.     

喷管内高速流动天然气相变特性数值研究

在超声速旋流天然气分离器中,气流经过拉伐尔喷管绝热膨胀形成带液滴的超声速低温混合气流,喷管内的相变是实现天然气分离的关键.根据相变理论、气体动力学理论并考虑了实际气体的影响,建立了描述有相变的喷管中天然气高速流动的数学模型.研究了喷管内有相变的天然气的流动特性;计算了不同入口条件下的相变起始点位置和水蒸汽的凝析率;分析了当喷管入口温度一定时,相变起始点、水蒸汽凝析率与入口压力的关系.计算结果表明,随着入口压力的升高,相变起始点位置逐渐前移,水蒸汽凝析率逐渐增大,建立了一种预测超声速旋流分离器正常工作压力范围的方法.     

大尺度高焓激波风洞喷管设计研究

激波风洞是开展高超声速飞行器气动力实验的重要地面试验设备,喷管是形成激波风洞试验流场的关键部段.针对大尺度高焓激波风洞,展开轴对称型面喷管设计方法的研究.喷管设计包括无粘型线设计和边界层修正两部分.无粘型线确定后会对其进行边界层位移厚度的修正.由于喉道处边界层位移厚度相较于特征长度(喷管喉道半径)是一个小量,传统的无粘型线设计方法在进行边界层修正时一般将其忽略.这一假设适用于很多超声速及高超声速喷管.但是大尺度高马赫数喷管需要考虑喉道处边界层的影响.对于高焓激波风洞,高温气体效应以及化学非平衡的影响较大,在喷管设计中不可忽略.本研究对高温气体效应以及边界层进行必要修正,并在数值模拟中考虑化学非平衡的影响.在特征线法的基础上,比热比等特征区关键参数取决于CFD数值模拟的结果.比热比可根据组分信息通过NASA拟合曲线来计算.然后通过叠加计算得到的边界层位移厚度进行迭代的边界层修正.本文利用改进的Sivells法设计Ma17喷管,并对其进行CFD数值模拟.喷管出口高度为2.5 m,总温和总压分别为7400 K, 30 MPa.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has