科研管理信息资源核心元数据的研究

随着信息技术的不断发展,科研管理信息系统已经实现了业务的信息化。然而这些系统无法进行信息交流,导致了“信息孤岛”的现象。业务间关联使得科研管理需要进行数据交换,因此有效解决数据集成问题具有重要的现实意义。而元数据中包含的数据结构和语义说明信息是数据集成的重要信息,因此元数据建设是数据集成关键技术。本文以都柏林核心元数据DC（DublinCord）、中国科学院科学数据库核心元数据标准2．0和政务信息资源目录体系为主要参考依据,结合科研管理信息资源的特点,研究确定了科研管理信息资源核心元数据主要内容,并分析了其在科研信息资源管理平台中的作用以及其工作流程。     

环境信息集成的研究与设计

信息集成是环境数据中心建设过程中最重要的环节.信息集成包括数据的抽取(Extract)、转换(Transform)、装载(Load)三个过程.传统的信息集成模式中,数据抽取对业务系统影响较大,数据转换不易扩展,数据装载一直是系统的性能瓶颈.该文提出了基于元数据的信息集成模式,通过增加中间数据层,减少了对业务系统的压力,提升了数据装载的效率,同时利用元数据对信息集成过程和规则进行配置,提高了信息集成的可扩展性.     

基于XML的数字图书馆元数据的研究

图书馆数字化对有效管理和共享图书资源有着重要的作用，而数字图书信息的数据集成依赖于统一的表示格式和功能强大的表示手段。根据数字图书信息描述的需要，提出了适于网络浏览和检索的表述图书基本信息的简要元数据模型，并探讨了应用XML语言进行元数据模型表示的方法及XML与关系型数据问的转换和显示问题。     

浅谈电子政务元数据框架

信息是电子政务建设的核心，如何有效的利用信息，促进共享是电子政务应用体系框架的目标。而进行有效利用这些信息的技术和标准就是元数据。电子政务元数据框架E-GMT(E-Government Metadata Framework)就是描述信息资源特征、规范信息资源使用的标准和技术，它保证了电子政务应用体系框架中元数据应用的一致性，是进行电子政务中信息资源的管理、查询和应用的关键。     

数字博物馆元数据标准初探

元数据是数据的数据，可为各种形态的数字化信息单元和资源集合提供规范、普遍的描述方法和检索工具。数字博物馆的元数据对于数字博物馆实体性藏品及其数字化信息资源的生成、描述、标引、检索、管理、利用、复用等，具有十分重要的意义。目前在国内外，尚未形成相对统一的博物馆元数据标准规范。采用文献调查法，探讨元数据对于数字博物馆的意义，考察国际上较为成熟的数字博物馆元数据标准，包括都柏林核心，CDWA，VRA Core等元数据，介绍了元数据与XML语言之间的转换机制，并提出我国数字博物馆建设中发展元数据标准的几点初步设想。     

元数据的类型、模型与规范

网络信息资源利用率的高低,信息的描述和标引是关键.网络信息资源是指以电子形式存贮于成千上万台计算机组成的网络中的信息资源.它包括各类数据、电子文件、学术论文、图书、软件、商业活动等各种信息.元数据(Metadata)的产生和应用是为网络信息资源的组织开发提供手段,使用元数据的目的在于使数字资源的管理维护者和使用者可通过元数据了解并辨别资源,进而管理和利用资源,为由形式管理转向内容管理奠定必要的基础,对数字对象的内容和位置进行描述,从而为信息对象的存取与利用奠定必要的基础,根据元数据包含的数字资源位置方面的信息,可以确定资源位置之所在,可促进网络环境中非实体信息对象的发现和检索.本文将对元数据的类型与规范进行综述.     

关于文化艺术产业平台元数据标准的思考 ——以河北省文化艺术产业大数据平台为例

借鉴国内外主要文化艺术产业元数据标准,构建河北省文化艺术产业大数据平台的元数据标准框架体系。在元数据体系结构设计上,突出对文化艺术产业中的企业、演出机构、政府资助项目、产业园区(示范基地)等重要对象的信息管理,便于艺术行政主管部门准确掌握并管理河北省文化艺术资源开发利用、项目进展、企业主体等重要信息。该元数据标准框架可为当前文化艺术类大数据平台建设和研究提供参考借鉴,以满足政府部门对于文化艺术大数据的数字化管理需求。     

元数据与网络信息资源组织

元数据描述的对象是网络数据和资源。元数据的应用将在很大程度上促进网络信息资源的组织、管理和获取。文章针对元数据搜索引擎的影响,分析了元数据的应用问题,对目前因特网资源组织和检索中存在的问题进行分析,并对元数据的目的和作用作了理论上的探讨。     

面向高校多源异构数据环境的元数据集成方法

高校信息化建设已由各类应用开发为主的数字化校园阶段发展到以系统整合为主的智慧校园阶段,当前工作难点在于多源异构数据集成的存储成本、传输成本均较高,且对网络带宽有很高的要求.考虑使用本体和元数据所蕴含的丰富语义信息可以极大降低数据集成成本,提出了一种面向高校多源异构数据环境的元数据集成方法.该方法首先构建局部本体,在局部本体基础上生成高校领域本体,同时抽取局部元数据;然后在高校领域本体的指导下对局部元数据进行集成,得到全局元数据;最后,在高校实际环境中进行了实例分析.分析结果表明所提方法切实可行,用元数据集成替代数据集成能够避免大量数据的存储和传输,有效降低数据集成的成本.     

浅谈元数据与网络资源组织与管理

以都柏林核心数据与USMARC为例，阐述了用元数据组织网络信息资源的方法介绍了我国在元数据及网络资源组织领域取得的进展。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to