Composite cathode and anode films for rechargeable lithium batteries

Recently the rechargeable Li and Li-ion polymer batteries have improved due to development of Li-ion conductive gel electrolytes and of high energe granting intercalation compounds. In our laboratory the composite cathodic film, the composite carbon anode film and PVC-based electralyte film were successfully prepared by casting procedures. Cycling experiments of the cells with Li or composite carbon anode in contact with PVC-based electrolyte and composite cathode were performed. Relatively good performance of the cell with Li anode, the composite cathode and LiPF₆-EC-DEC electrolyte was achieved in that over 50 cycles were possible with minimal capacity loss upon cycling. The same cell with PVC-based electrolyte was cycled over 20 cycles. Replacing Li anode by composite carbon anode, the cell behaved like the latter. It is found that appropriate amount of carbon content is helpful to improving specific capacity.     

电动汽车动力电池技术研究进展

 从锂离子电池材料技术、单体电池、电池系统等几个方面对锂离子动力电池的发展进行了评述。锰酸锂一般应用于轻型电动车辆,也可与三元材料混合提升新能源车辆用电池的安全性和倍率性能;磷酸铁锂适用于中等比能量要求的动力电池;三元材料通过材料、隔膜涂层和电池技术的改进提升安全性后适用于高比能量型电池;石墨负极目前仍然是广泛应用的负极材料,在碳负极材料中添加硅等高容量材料的努力仍在进行中,液体电解液在向高电压和宽工作温区方向发展;小圆柱电池、方形金属壳电池和软包电池各有特点,适应了多元化的电动汽车应用需求,国产制造设备技术水平持续提升,电池系统技术方面需要整车和电池方面合作努力以提升安全性和可靠性。锂离子动力电池是目前最具实用价值的动力电池,预期其比能量在不久的将来可提升至300 (W·h)/kg,满足新能源汽车产业未来10年的发展需求。     

材料对锂离子电池热稳定性的影响

采用差示扫描量热法研究锂离子电池材料包括导电剂、粘结剂、电解液、Li0.5CoO2与LiC6对锂离子电池热稳定性的影响,并对由这些材料制备的063048型方形锂离子电池进行安全性测试.研究结果表明:锂离子电池的热稳定性受正极、负极及电解液3种因素的影响,电池热反应释放的热量由大到小顺序为:负极、正极、电解液.负极反应热主要来源于LiC6与粘结剂及电解液之间的反应,且与粘结剂的性质、用量及电解液用量有关;正极反应热主要来源于Li0.5CoO2的分解反应及其分解产生的氧气与有机溶剂之间的燃烧反应.聚偏二氟乙烯粘结剂比丙烯酸系水基粘结剂的热稳定性高,导电碳黑导电剂的热稳定性比乙炔碳黑导电剂的热稳定性高.过充实验结果表明,聚偏二氟乙烯粘结剂及导电碳黑能显著提高LiCoO2/石墨型锂离子电池的热稳定性.     

Li3N film modified separator with homogenization effect of lithium ions for stable lithium metal battery

Lithium metal anode with high theoretical capacity is considered to be one of the most potential anode materials of the next generation. However, the growth of lithium dendrite seriously affects the application of lithium metal anode and the development of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, an ultrathin Li₃N film modified separator to homogenize the lithium ions and protect the lithium metal anode was reported. Due to the intrinsic properties of Li₃N, the functional separator possessed good thermal stability, mechanical properties and electrolyte wettability, and the homogenization of the lithium ion was realized without increasing the interface impedance. With this functional separator, the Li/Li symmetrical cell could achieve a long cycle with low overpotential for 1000 ​h at a current density of 1 ​mA ​cm⁻². Furthermore, when the full battery was assembled with LiFePO₄ and the discharge capacity could be maintained at 151 mAh g⁻¹ after 400 cycles at 1 ​C. In addition, the full battery also showed good rate performance, and provided a high discharge capacity of 114 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 ​C.     

Low temperature synthesis of NiO/Co3O4 composite nanosheets as high performance Li-ion battery anode materials

NiO/Co3O4 composite nanosheets have been synthesized via a facile method at low temperature for the first time.The as prepared materials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and the performance of Li-ion batteries(LIBs) as anode materials were also studied.By controlling the atom ratio of Ni:Co,not only the size of the nanosheets can be controlled,the electrode’s conductivity and stability could also be greatly improved.The composite material showed a stable capacity retention during cycling(87% of the second capacity was retained after 15 cycles) even at a relatively large current rate(400 mA/g).The NiO/Co3O4 nanosheet might be promising candidate anode materials in high performance Li-ion batteries.     

Facile ball-milled synthesis of SnS2-carbon nanocomposites with superior lithium storage

A facile high-energy ball-milling method was developed to synthesize SnS_2-carbon(SnS_2/C-x(x = 40, 50, 60 wt%)) nanocomposites. The results showed that as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs), the SnS_2-C nanocomposites exhibited high discharge capacity and excellent cycling stability. For the optimized SnS_2/C-50 wt% nanocomposite, a discharge capacity as high as 700 mA h g~(-1) and the initial coulombic efficiency of 80.8% were achieved at a current density of 100 mA g~(-1). The unique structure with SnS_2 nanoparticles(NPs)embedded into carbon network provided abundant Li-ion storage sites, high electronic conductivity and fast ion diffusion. The ball-milled synthesis is applicable for large-scale preparation of new sulfide-based anode materials with good performance for LIBs.     

Practical development and challenges of garnet-structured Li7La3Zr2O12 electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries: A review

All-solid-state Li-ion batteries (ASSLIBs) have been widely studied to achieve Li-ion batteries (LIBs) with high safety and energy density. Recent reviews and experimental papers have focused on methods that improve the ionic conductivity, stabilize the electrochemical performance, and enhance the electrolyte/electrode interfacial compatibility of several solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), including oxides, sulf-ides, composite and gel electrolytes, and so on. Garnet-structured Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is highly regarded an SSE with excellent application potential. However, this type of electrolyte also possesses a number of disadvantages, such as low ionic conductivity, unstable cubic phase, and poor interfacial compatibility with anodes/cathodes. The benefits of LLZO have urged many researchers to explore effective solutions to over-come its inherent limitations. Herein, we review recent developments on garnet-structured LLZO and provide comprehensive insights to guide the development of garnet-structured LLZO-type electrolytes. We not only systematically and comprehensively discuss the preparation, ele-ment doping, structure, stability, and interfacial improvement of LLZOs but also provide future perspectives for these materials. This review expands the current understanding on advanced solid garnet electrolytes and provides meaningful guidance for the commercialization of ASSLIBs.     

纳米LiMn2O4的溶胶-凝胶合成及表征

LiMn2O4是一种优良的锂离子电池正极材料。本文利用溶胶一凝胶法制备了LiMn2O4纳米粉体，使用XRD、TEM和IR进行表征。结果表明纳米样品的平均粒度为32nm。     

A pore-scale smoothed particle hydrodynamics model for lithium-ion batteries

A mesoscopic pore-scale model of multi-disciplinary processes coupled with electrochemical reactions in lithium-ion batteries is established via a relatively novel numerical method—smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method.This model is based on mesoscopic treatment to the electrode(including separator)micro-pore structures and solves a group of inter-coupled SPH equations,including charge(ion in electrolyte phase and electron in solid phase),species(Li?in electrolyte phase and lithium in solid active materials),and energy conservation equations.Model parameters,e.g.the physicochemical properties are location-dependent,directly associated with the local component of the medium.The electrochemical reactions are prescribed to occur exactly at the interface of solid active materials and electrolyte.Simulations to isothermal discharge processes of a battery of 2-dimensional idealized micro-pore structure in electrodes and separator preliminarily corroborate the reasonability and capability of the developed SPH model.     

钠离子电池电解质的研究进展

相比锂离子电池来说,钠离子电池因高能量密度和低成本引起广泛关注。作为电池重要组成部分的电解质,对电池性能的发挥至关重要。简要介绍了液、固态电解质体系在钠离子电池中的研究进展,讨论这些电解质体系的电导率、电性能、电化学性能、热稳定性等特点。现今钠离子电池大多使用的是液体电解液,而液体电解液在具有高离子电导率的同时,安全性仍有待改善。而固态电解质还有许多基础科学需要探索,并且需要考虑电导率、成本等因素。基于以上评述,希望对钠离子电池电解质的研究发展提供帮助。     

Facile hydrothermal and sol-gel synthesis of novel Sn-Co/C composite as superior anodes for Li-ion batteries

As an anode material in lithium ion battery, the Sn-Co/C composite electrode materials have been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal and solgel methods, respectively. The resultant composites were mainly composed of Snbased oxides, nanometer Sn-Co alloy and carbon. Carbon and Co, acting as buffer materials, can accommodate to the large volume change of active Sn during the discharge-charge process, thus improving the cycling stability. Although charge/discharge curves revealed the excellent cycle performance for samples synthesized by both methods, composites obtained by the sol-gel showed a better dispersion effect of nanoparticles on the carbon matrix and possessed much more improved stable capacity with 624.9 mAh g-1 over 100 cycles and that by hydrothermal method only exhibited ～299.3 mAh g-1. Therefore, the Sn-Co/C composites obtained by solgel synthesis method could be a perfect candidate for anode material of Liion storage battery.     

水系锌-石墨电池的研究新进展

水系锌-石墨电池是一种新型的二次电池,基于水系电解液中的阴、阳离子同时参与电化学反应实现储能,因其具有高能量密度、高功率密度和安全廉价等诸多优势,有望成为替代锂离子电池的下一代储能产品。本文综述了近年来水系锌-石墨电池的发展现状,总结了锌负极、石墨正极存在的问题及现有的解决方案,对水系锌-石墨电池的下一步发展进行了预测。     

Effect of Polyaniline on Electrochemical Performance of LiFePO_4

1 Introduction LiFePO4 has received much attention as a kind of next-generation cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. To improve its electrochemical performance, researchers have been working to overcome two major disadvantages of LiFePO4 such as the low electrical conductivity and the small Li-ion diffusivity. The latter can be solved by reducing the particle size while the former can be improved by coating a layer of carbon on the surface of LiFePO4 particles[1]. More researchers have carried o...     

Nanostructured TiO2（B）:the effect of size and shape on anode properties for Li-ion batteries

Reducing the dimensions of electrode materials from the micron to the nanoscale can have a profound influence on their properties and hence on the performance of electrochemical devices,e.g.Li-ion batteries,that employ such electrodes.TiO2(B) has received growing interest as a possible anode for Li-ion batteries in recent years.It offers the possibility of higher energy storage compared with the commercialized Li4Ti5O12.Bulk,nanowire,nanotube,and nanoparticle morphologies have been prepared and studied.However,to date these materials have not be compared in one article.In the current review we first summarize the different synthesis methods for the preparation of nanostructured TiO2(B);then present the effects of size and shape on the electrochemical properties.Finally TiO2(B) with nanometer dimensions exhibit a higher capacity to store Li,regardless of rate,due to structural distortions inherent at the nanoscale.     

电动汽车用锰酸锂与磷酸铁锂动力电池性能比较分析

尖晶石锰酸锂和橄榄石磷酸铁锂离子电池是当前电动汽车用动力电池的主体,采用实验比较研究的方法,对比了两种动力电池正极材料电化学特性,研究了两种材料制备成动力电池的能量密度、功率密度、温度特性、循环寿命以及应用特性.结果表明:除低温性能和功率密度外,磷酸铁锂动力电池在其他方面的性能均优于锰酸锂动力电池.     

Synthesis of LiFePO4 in situ vapor-grown carbon fiber （VGCF） composite cathode material via microwave pyrolysis chemical vapor deposition

One of the most important factors that limits the use of LiFePO 4 as cathode material for lithium ion batteries is its low electronic conductivity.In order to solve this problem,LiFePO 4 in situ vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF) composite cathode material has been prepared in a single step through microwave pyrolysis chemical vapor deposition.The phase,microstructure,and electrochemical performance of the composites were investigated.Compared with the cathodes without in situ VGCF,the initial discharge capacity of the composite electrode increases from 109 to 144 mA h g-1 at a 0.5-C rate,and the total electric resistance decreases from 538 to 66.The possible reasons for these effects are proposed.     

A 3.9 V polyanion-type cathode material for Li-ion batteries

Monoclinic phase LiFeSO_4F was synthesized by a simple fast solid state reaction from the mixture of FeSO_4·7H_2O and LiF pulverized by high energy ball milling.m-LiFeSO_4F was confirmed by GITT measurement to be a 3.9 V polyanion-type cathode materials for Li-ion batteries.Its electrochemical activity can be enhanced by addition of carbon.A discharge capacity of 105 mA·h/g (70%of theoretical value) was achieved for a m-LiFeSO_4F/CNT composite.Phase separation behavior during lithium extraction and inser...     

铜氧化物材料的制备及其在锂离子电池负极材料中的应用

铜氧化物作为重要的过渡金属氧化物,已经被广泛地应用于超导体、气体传感器、多相催化、磁力储存媒介、场发射能源、太阳能电池设备和锂离子电池等领域.由于铜氧化物低成本,容易制备,高安全性,环境友好和高理论比容量等优点,受到研究者的广泛关注.对铜氧化物的制备方法,尤其是在锂离子电池负极材料中的应用进行了综述,并对进一步提高铜氧化物材料电化学性能的研究趋势进行了展望.     

锂离子二次电池铜锡合金负极研究进展

与碳负极材料相比,锡基合金材料具有高容量、高密度的优势,有望成为新一代高容量锂离子电池的首选负极材料。Cu-Sn合金是研究最为广泛的锡基合金材料之一。综述了近年来该领域的研究进展,并对其发展方向进行了展望。     

三维VO2(B)纳米花制备及其电化学性能研究

通过水热法制备了三维的VO₂(B)纳米材料;对其形貌结构的控制合成及其电化学性质进行了探索.实验结果表明,反应产物的形貌可以通过改变还原剂草酸的浓度及其反应的时间来改变.电化学测试结果显示,水热合成的带状VO₂(B)纳米花材料相比其片状结构具有更好的电化学性能,比容量高,循环可逆性更好,因此在锂电池的正极材料应用上有更好的前景.