原位合成CNTs/Cu-Al2O3复合材料的性能研究

对Al的质量分数分别为0.20%,0.35%,0.60%的Cu-Al合金粉末进行内氧化,得到Cu-Al₂O₃粉末。采用化学气相沉积法在Cu-Al₂O₃粉末表面原位生长碳纳米管(carbon nano tubes, CNTs),采用放电等离子烧结工艺成功制备了CNTs/Cu-Al₂O₃复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察了CNTs/Cu-Al₂O₃复合粉末、复合材料断口的形貌。采用显微硬度计、微拉伸试验机、摩擦磨损试验机分别对纯Cu及复合材料的维氏硬度、抗拉强度、摩擦因数进行测试。采用电化学工作站测试复合材料在3.5%NaCl (质量分数)水溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,随着Al的质量分数的增加,粉末表面合成的CNTs的数量也增多。Al的质量分数为0.35%时,CNTs/Cu-Al₂O₃复合材料的综合性能最佳,与纯Cu相比,复合材料的抗拉强度和腐蚀电势分别提高了86.4%和43.2%,分别为315 MPa和-0.268 V,摩擦因数降低了53.3%,仅为0.28。     

Fenton试剂pH值对碳纳米管及其增强酚醛树脂/石墨复合材料性能的影响

以经过Fenton/UV处理的碳纳米管作为增强体,酚醛树脂/石墨作为基体,通过热模压成型得到一种质子交换膜燃料电池双极板材料.研究了Fenton试剂预处理前pH值对碳纳米管及其增强的复合材料性能的影响.用红外光谱分析碳纳米管表面官能团的变化,用X射线衍射(XRD)对碳纳米管进行物相分析.结果表明,pH值为3时,碳纳米管...     

CNTs/TiO2 composites and its elect rochemical properties after UV light irradiation

Due to the unique structure and special physical and chemical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have potential applications in supercapacitors. Recently, CNTs and their composites as a kind of supercapacitor electrode material have been made many achievements. In this paper, a CNTs/TiO2 composite was prepared successfully with hydrothermal method, and was used as a supercapacitor electrode material. After the tests on surface chemistry and electrochemical property, it was found that: (1) the capacitance of the CNTs/TiO2 composite electrode increased by 56%, compared with pure CNTs electrode, (2) after UV light irradiation pretreatment, due to the special photoelectric effect of TiO2 which improves the interfacial property and electrochemical property of the composite electrode, the capacitance further increased by 53% when compared with the electrode without the pretreatment, and meanwhile, the cycle life also increased significantly, i.e., the capacitance was up to 97%, after 100 cycles of charge and discharge, (3) due to the improvement of the interfacial property, the ion transport in the composite electrode became smoother, and the pore utilization was also effectively enhanced during high-current charge and discharge, and (4) due to the generation of a large amount of oxygen-containing groups on the TiO 2 surface after UV pretreatment, the CNTs/TiO2 composite electrode earned extra large pseudo capacitance, and therefore the capacitance of the composite electrode was further increased. Based on the experimental results in the present study a new process to improve surface character and electrochemicalproperty of the electrode has been developed by using a metal oxide as both pseudo capacitive material and surface modification material of the composites with a UV light irradiation.     

三维互通CNTs/Cu复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

对CuCr合金粉末固溶时效处理之后进行预烧结,得到CuCr预压块。以此预压块为基底,采用化学气相沉积（chemical vapor deposition, CVD）工艺和放电等离子烧结（sparking plasma sintering, SPS）工艺成功制备了三维互通的碳纳米管/铜（carbon nanotubes/Cu, CNTs/Cu）复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）,拉曼光谱仪等表征碳纳米管的微观组织结构,利用微拉伸试验机测试复合材料的力学性能。研究结果表明,Cr作为催化剂,对碳纳米管的形貌影响很大,碳纳米管的质量也会对复合材料的力学性能产生影响。当Cr的质量分数为0.6%时,碳纳米管在铜基体表面均匀分布,CNTs/Cu复合材料的力学性能最佳。经SPS烧结和轧制之后,复合材料的导电率和屈服强度分别达到了82.4% IACS和349 MPa,断裂伸长率高达6.4%,这是由于CNTs的加入,起到了第二相强化的作用,提高了复合材料的力学性能。     

CNTs/SiCp增强镁基复合材料的力学性能

采用搅拌铸造法制备碳纳米管(CNTs)和碳化硅(SiCp)增强镁材料,并对复合材料的力学性能进行测试,对其显微组织进行观察和分析,以及利用扫描电子显微镜对断口形貌进行表征.结果表明:CNTs和SiCp的加入使镁基复合材料的晶粒细化和强化,镀镍处理后的CNTs与基体有很好的相容性,显著提高复合材料的力学性能.     

Hippocampal Neuron-Derived Extracellular Matrix Coated Nanofibrous Scaffold for Neural Tissue Engineering

The aim of this study is to prepare poly-L-lactide( PLLA) electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds coated with hippocampal neuron-derived extracellular matrix( N-ECM)and construct a novel neural tissue engineering scaffold.Neonatal rat hippocampal neurons were seeded on PLLA nanofibers,and then decellularized to derive a cell-free extracellular matrix loaded N-ECM/PLLA modified scaffolds. The morphology and ingredients of N-ECM/PLLA were observed by scanning electron microscopy( SEM) and immunofluorescence staining respectively, and the cytocompatibility of the composite scaffolds was characterized by cell count kit-8( CCK-8) assay. The N-ECM was clearly identified loading on scaffolds when being imaged via SEM and immunofluorescence staining results showed that the N-ECM was made up of fibronectin and laminin. Most importantly, compared with tissue culture polystyrene and pure scaffolds, N-ECM/PLLA scaffolds could effectively facilitate the proliferation of rat adrenal neuroma cells( PC12 cells),indicating their better cell compatibilities. Based on the combination of N-ECM and PLLA biomaterials,the present study has fabricated a unique and versatile neural tissue engineering scaffold,offering a new thought for future neural tissue engineering.     

电纺聚-L-乳酸/β-磷酸三钙复合物纳米纤维膜

利用静电纺丝法制备了生物可吸收聚-L-乳酸(PLLA)/β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)复合物纳米纤维膜.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)等手段研究了复合物纳米纤维膜的结构和形态,详细探讨电纺工艺条件对制备PLLA/β-TCP复合物纳米纤维的形态影响.通过拉伸力学测试、噻唑蓝比色法(MTT)对复合物纳米纤维膜的力学性能和体外细胞相容性作了进一步研究.结果表明,PLLA/β-TCP复合物纳米纤维的几何结构与电纺条件有关,随着聚合物溶液浓度增加、溶液流速增大,纤维直径有不同程度的增大;复合物纳米纤维膜的拉伸强度和杨氏模量随β-TCP的含量增加而下降;复合物纳米纤维膜对L-929细胞系无细胞毒性,显示良好的细胞相容性.     

Dexamethasone-Loaded PLGA Microspheres Incorporated PLLA/PLGA/PCL Composite Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

The combination of micro-carriers and polymer scaffolds as promising bone grafts have attracted considerable interest in recent decades.The poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/polycaprolactone(PLLA/PLGA/PCL)composite scaffold with porous structure was fabricated by thermally induced phase separation(TIPS).Dexamethasone(DEX)was incorporated into PLGA microspheres and then loaded on the PLLA/PLGA/PCL scaffoldtopreparethedesiredcompositescaffold.The physicochemical properties of the prepared composite scaffold were characterized.The morphology of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)grown on scaffolds was observed using scanning electron microscope(SEM)and fluorescence microscope.The resultsshowedthatthePLLA/PLGA/PCLscaffoldhad interconnected macropores and biomimetic nanofibrous structure.In addition,DEX can be released from scaffold in a sustained manner.More importantly,DEX loaded composite scaffold can effectively support the proliferation of BMSCs as indicated by fluorescence observation and cell proliferation assay.The results suggested that the prepared PLLA/PLGA/PCL composite scaffold incorporating drug-loaded PLGA microspheres could hold great potential for bone tissue engineering applications.     

碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料薄膜制备及其压阻特性研究

基于真空过滤方法获得均匀的不同厚度碳纳米管薄膜,通过与聚合物基体的润湿固化转移碳纳米管薄膜制备压阻敏感度可控的复合材料薄膜.并研究了该薄膜的压阻特性.结果表明薄膜的压阻敏感度随着初始碳纳米管悬浮液体积的减小而降低,当体积减小到一定程度时,薄膜压阻敏感度反而增加,但是线性范围减小.碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料的这种压阻特性,一方面了说明了碳纳米管与聚合物复合材料薄膜压阻效应的可控性;另一方面,也表明了通过调节压阻敏感度,该复合材料既可用作应变传感,又可以用作对变形不敏感的导电薄膜.     

Incorporation of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles into Poly( L-lactic acid ) Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Controlled release of the functional factors is the key to improve clinical therapeutic efficacy during the tissue repair and regeneration.The three-dimensional(3D)scaffold can provide not only physical properties such as high strength and porosity but also an optimal environment to enhance tissue regeneration.Sphingosine1-phosphate(S1P),an angiogenic factor,was loaded into mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)and then incorporated into poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA)nanofibrous scaffold,which was fabricated by thermally induced phase separation(TIPS)method.The prepared scaffolds were examined by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and compressive mechanical test.The ATR-FTIR result demonstrated the existence of MSNs in the PLLA nanofibrous scaffold.The SEM images showed that PLLA scaffold had regular pore channel,interconnected pores and nanofibrous structure.The addition of MSNs at appropriate content had no visible effect on the structure of scaffold.The compressive modulus of scaffold containing MSNs was higher than that of the scaffold without MSNs.Furthermore,fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)was used as model molecule to investigate the release behavior of S1P from MSNsincorporated PLLA(MSNs/PLLA)nanofibrous scaffold.The result showed that the composite scaffold largely reduced the initial burst release and exhibited prolonged release of FITC than MSNs.Thus,these results indicated that S1P-loaded composite nanofibrous scaffold has potential applications for bone tissue engineering.     

微弧氧化法制备镁基羟基磷灰石/碳纳米管复合生物涂层及其性能研究

 通过化学沉淀法制备了羟基磷灰石/碳纳米管纳米(HA/CNTs)复合粉体,并作为电解液的添加剂,采用微弧氧化方法(MAO)制备了镁合金表面MAO/HA/CNTs 复合活性涂层。分别采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X 射线衍射分析(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和电化学工作站,研究所制备的复合粉体的形貌和物相组成、复合粉体对微弧氧化涂层表面形貌和在模拟体液(SBF)中耐腐蚀性能和生物活性的影响。结果表明,所制备的HA/CNTs 复合粉体结晶良好,无其他杂质相;复合粉体在微弧氧化过程中沉积在样品表面,对微弧氧化涂层起到封孔作用。MAO/HA/CNTs 样品的腐蚀电位为-1.50 V,经过30 天的SBF 浸泡后,表面沉积了大量的亚微米级别的颗粒沉积物,相比于镁基体和MAO 样品具有更好的生物活性和耐腐蚀性。     

网络互穿结构的碳纳米管铜基复合材料研究

在碳纳米管为骨架的明胶复合弹性体的形成过程中预埋铜粉,并经过炭化、还原、真空烧结等热处理,制备了碳纳米管-铜基复合材料.扫描电镜(SEM)照片表明,碳纳米管与铜基形成了网络互穿的结构.摩擦学试验结果表明,随着碳纳米管的质量分数从0%增加到9%,复合材料的耐摩擦性能得到了很大的改善.     

纳米羟基磷灰石/左旋聚乳酸纳米纤维复合支架的制备与表征

采用热致相分离法制备了一系列具有微米级孔隙的纳米纤维状纳米羟基磷灰石/左旋聚乳酸（n-HA/PLLA）复合支架材料。并采用扫描电境和体外降解实验对其进行了表征。扫描电镜观测到复合支架的微观结构为具有微米级孔隙的纳米纤维状骨架,其不规则孔的孔径在几到几百纳米的范围内,纳米纤维直径在200-500nm的范围内;体外降解实验的结果表明,与纯聚乳酸支架相比,n-HA/PLLA复合支架的降解液的pH的变化更加缓慢。     

Double carbon decorated lithium titanate as anode material with high rate performance for lithium-ion batteries

Spinel lithium titanate(Li_4Ti_5O_(12)) has the advantages of structural stability, however it suffers the disadvantages of low lithium-ion diffusion coefficient as well as low conductivity. In order to solve issues,we reported a simple method to prepare carbon-coated Li_4Ti_5O_(12)/CNTs(C@Li_4Ti_5O_(12)/CNTs) using stearic acid as surfactant and carbon source to prepare carbon coated nanosized particles. The obtained Li_4Ti_5O_(12) particles of 100 nm in size are coated with the carbon layers pyrolyzed from stearic acid and dispersed in CNTs matrix homogeneously. These results show that the synthesized C@Li_4Ti_5O_(12)/CNTs material used as anode materials for lithium ion batteries, presenting a better high-rate performance(147 m Ahg~(-1)at20 C). The key factors affecting the high-rate properties of the C@Li_4Ti_5O_(12)/CNTs composite may be related to the synergistic effects of the CNTs matrix and the carbon- coating layers with conductivity enhancement. Additionally, the amorphous carbon coating is an effective route to ameliorate the rate capability of Li_4Ti_5O_(12)/CNTs.     

CNTs／PS和CNTs／PEE的制备及性能

通过溶液共混制备了不同碳纳米管(CNTs)质量分数的CNTs/聚苯乙烯(PS)、CNTs/聚醚酯(PEE)复合材料,研究CNTs对复合材料导电性能、力学性能的影响.CNTs的加入可以使复合材料的导电性能得到明显提高,CNTs/PS体系的电导率大于CNTs/PEE体系的电导率.随着CNTs质量分数的增加,CNTs/PS复合材料的断裂强度先增大后减小,在CNTs质量分数为1%时达到最大值,但CNTs/PEE的断裂强度随CNTs质量分数的增加逐渐下降,扫描电镜(SEM)结果显示CNTs在PS中的分散性稍好于在PEE中的分散性.     

Immobilization of biomacromolecules on poly-L-lactide surface via a layer-by-layer method for the improving of its cytocompatibility to bone marrow stromal cells

Hyaluronic acid （HA） and chitosan （CS） were immobilized on the surface of poly-L-lactide （PLLA） by the following procedure： Firstly, PLLA was aminolyzed with 1, 6-hexanediamine, and part of the PLLA surface ester groups were converted to free amino groups. Then negatively charged hyaluronic acid and positively charged chitosan were deposited onto the surface of aminolyzed PLLA film in a layer-by-layer assembly manner. The effect of the layer-by- layer deposition was evaluated by ATRoFTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and static contact angle measurements. The cytocompatibility of PLLA sample to bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs） was improved after modification with chitosan and HA. The cell attachment, activity, and proliferation on CS/HA modified PLLA films were enhanced comparing with the control. The cells cultured on the modified PLLA samples excreted abundant cytoplasm and can differentiate to vascular smooth muscle （SM）-like （SM-like） cells. A macroporous three-dimensional PLLA scaffold was prepared by integrating both the technique of freeze-drying and particle leaching. Layer-by-layer modification by HA/CS and cell culture was also applied on this scaffold. The scaffold cultured with BMSCs for 2 weeks has been tested successfully in vivo as a patch for repairing the artificial incision on canine pulmonary artery.     

原位聚合法制备高导电石墨烯-碳纳米管/聚酰亚胺柔性复合膜

用简单绿色的方法制备三明治结构的石墨烯-碳纳米管纳米复合物(Gr-CNTs),并以该复合物作为填料,通过原位聚合法制备石墨烯-碳纳米管/聚酰亚胺(Gr-CNTs/Polyimide(PI))复合膜.与CNTs/PI相比,在聚酰亚胺中掺杂少量的Gr-CNTs(w≤10%)可明显提高PI的导电能力.而且这种复合材料的导电能力可以通过控制PI基底中填料的含量加以调控.该新型复合材料有望大范围应用于电子、太阳能电池以及生物传感器等领域.     

纳米HAP/CPP/PLLA骨组织工程支架复合材料降解特性

现有支架材料的降解速率与骨细胞生长、繁殖速率不匹配,在降解过程中支架材料的强度、刚度衰减速率与成骨速率不匹配,支架材料在体内降解的酸性副产物会引起炎症反应.为克服以上困难,采用溶媒浇铸、颗粒滤取与气体发泡相结合的方法制备出纳米HAP/CPP/PLLA骨组织工程支架复合材料;选用生理盐水作为模拟体液进行降解实验,测试该支架复合材料的降解性能,用扫描电子显微镜对其在不同降解时期的微观结构进行观察.结果表明:纳米HAP/CPP/PLLA支架复合材料在降解过程中具有三维、连通、微孔网状结构,并具有良好的降解性能和生物相容性,是比较理想的骨组织工程支架材料.     

CeO2/CNTs纳米复合粒子的制备及其催化性能

 采用液相化学沉积法制备CeO2/CNTs纳米复合粒子,考查了表面活性剂对产物形貌的影响,采用TEM、XRD、FT-IR等手段对产物的形貌和晶相结构进行表征。结果表明,在一定条件下,表面活性剂的“桥接”作用有效地改善了活性组分的负载,以十二烷基苯磺酸钠为表面活性剂,以自制碳纳米管（CNTs）为载体,可以制备出负载均匀的CeO2/CNTs纳米复合粒子。探讨了活性组分CeO2在CNTs表面的负载机制,并在此基础上研究了所得样品在风化煤硝酸氧解制备腐植酸中的催化性能。催化结果表明,CeO2/CNTs纳米复合粒子的催化性能明显优于单纯的CeO2和CNTs的催化性能,能显著提高腐植酸的产率。     

仿生增强制备聚乳酸基骨组织工程复合材料

依据仿生原理制备了纳米羟基磷灰石聚乳酸(nHA-PLA)复合的骨框架材料.此复合材料中的主要成分是纳米羟基磷灰石,纳米相的羟基磷灰石就是天然骨中主要的无机相.在保持高孔隙率(90%)的同时,复合材料的抗压性能达到2.07 MPa,高于单纯的聚乳酸框架材料(为0.89 MPa).分离成骨细胞并在三维框架材料上培养,用扫描电镜进行观察,复合材料具有很好的细胞贴附性能.仿生制备的三维纳米羟基磷灰石聚乳酸复合骨框架材料,无论从结构还是性能上,都是骨组织工程中的优选材料之一.