镰形棘豆中两种黄酮的结构及生物活性研究

目的对从镰形棘豆中分得的2种黄酮类化合物进行结构解析,并对其生物活性进行研究。方法运用现代波谱技术及X单晶衍射技术对其结构进行研究,生物活性研究采用SRB法。结果这2种黄酮类化合物分别鉴定为2′-羟基-4′-甲氧基查儿酮（1）,7-甲氧基黄烷酮（2）。体外生物活性试验结果表明：化合物1和2对人胃癌细胞株SGC均有较强毒活性,IC50分别为3．61和6．11μg／mL。结论虽然初步试验结果表明化合物1和2对人胃癌细胞株SGC均有较强毒活性,但是有必要对其进行更为深入的研究。     

长瓣金莲花中原金莲酸的分离和生物活性

目的 :研究长瓣金莲花 (TrolliuschinensisBunge)中非黄酮类成分的抑菌和抗病毒活性 .方法 :用柱层析等手段分离化学成分 ,并用波谱手段作结构鉴定 ;用微量稀释法作体外抑菌和抗病毒活性研究 .结果 :从长瓣金莲花中提取分离出原金莲酸 ;原金莲酸对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌的最低抑菌质量浓度为 0 2mg/mL ,对A型流感病毒的半抑制质量浓度为 184 2 μg/mL ,治疗指数为 4 0 .结论 :原金莲酸对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌有抑制活性 ,对A型流感病毒有弱的抑制活性 .     

Identification of two related pentapeptides from the brain with potent opiate agonist activity.

Enkephalin, a natural ligand for opiate receptors is composed of the pentapepides H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-OH and H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-OH. The evidence is based on the determination of the amino acid sequence of natural enkephalin by the dansyl-Edman procedure and by mass spectrometry followed by synthesis and comparison of the natural and synthetic peptides.     

Isolation and quantification of soluble Alzheimer's beta-peptide from biological fluids.

Cerebral deposition of the beta-amyloid peptide (A beta) is an invariant feature of Alzheimer's disease. Since the original isolation and characterization of A beta (ref. 1) and the subsequent cloning of its precursor protein, no direct evidence for the actual production of discrete A beta has been reported. Here we investigate whether A beta is present in human biological fluids using antibodies specific for an epitope within A beta that spans the site of normal constitutive cleavage. These antibodies were used to construct a sandwich-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that detects A beta in cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and conditioned medium of human mixed-brain cells grown in vitro (see also ref. 14). By affinity chromatography, we have purified and sequenced A beta and a novel A beta fragment from human cerebrospinal fluid and conditioned medium of human mixed-brain cell cultures. These findings demonstrate that A beta is produced and released both in vivo and in vitro. These observations offer new opportunities for developing diagnostic tests for Alzheimer's disease and therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing the cerebral deposition of A beta.     

羊栖菜多糖分离纯化和结构的初步鉴定

将提取的羊栖菜多糖用sevage法除蛋白、H2O2脱色后得到羊栖菜多糖半纯品,依次通过DE-AE-52、Sephadex G-200柱层析分离纯化后得到SFPS-B2、SFPS-C1、SFPS-D2三个多糖组分,用Sephacryl S200-HR柱层析鉴定纯度,三种组分的多糖为均一多糖,质量分数分别为86.02%、81.05%、86.95%.对SFPS-D2进行结构初步研究,通过紫外光谱、红外光谱和毛细管电泳分析,结果表明SFPS-D2不含蛋白质和核酸,多糖组成以β构型的吡喃糖苷键为主,含有硫酸基-O-SO3,其单糖组成以木糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖为主,其比例为木糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=3.45∶5.8∶1.     

Chemical structure and biological activity of the Caenorhabditis elegans dauer-inducing pheromone

Pheromones are cell type-specific signals used for communication between individuals of the same species. When faced with overcrowding or starvation, Caenorhabditis elegans secrete the pheromone daumone, which facilitates communication between individuals for adaptation to adverse environmental stimuli. Daumone signals C. elegans to enter the dauer stage, an enduring and non-ageing stage of the nematode life cycle with distinctive adaptive features and extended life. Because daumone is a key regulator of chemosensory processes in development and ageing, the chemical identification of daumone is important for elucidating features of the daumone-mediated signalling pathway. Here we report the isolation of natural daumone from C. elegans by large-scale purification, as well as the total chemical synthesis of daumone. We present the stereospecific chemical structure of purified daumone, a fatty acid derivative. We demonstrate that both natural and chemically synthesized daumones equally induce dauer larva formation in C. elegans (N2 strain) and certain dauer mutants, and also result in competition between food and daumone. These results should help to elucidate the daumone-mediated signalling pathway, which might in turn influence ageing and obesity research and the development of antinematodal drugs.     

玉米须多糖的提取、组成和生物活性研究

采用水提醇沉法、DEAE纤维素柱层析、交联葡聚糖凝胶柱层析提取并纯化得到一种玉米须多糖,利用DPPH、ABTS自由基清除实验、MTT法对人肝癌细胞Hep G-2抑制实验对该多糖的抗氧化能力和抑癌能力进行测定,利用高效液相凝胶色谱法(HPGPC)测定了该多糖的分子质量,通过红外吸收光谱法(IR)、薄层层析法、气质联用法(GC-MS)、核磁共振波谱法(NMR)对该多糖的单糖组成及结构进行了研究.结果表明,该多糖具有显著的抗氧化作用和抑癌能力,DPPH和ABTS自由基被清除50%时该多糖浓度分别为0.0312 mg/mL和0.1173mg/mL,当浓度为4mg/mL时,该多糖对人肝癌细胞的抑制率达18.3%.HPGPC结果表明该多糖分子量为44465Da.由结构分析结果推测,该多糖是一种由D-阿拉伯糖和D-半乳糖组成的β构型的多糖.     

2株嗜碱性放线菌的分离鉴定及特性研究

从新疆巴洲和硕县碱性土壤中分离纯化出2株放线菌菌株XJ-1和XJ-4,对其形态特征、生理生化特性、抗生素产生以及16S rRNA基因序列分析等方面进行了多种特性研究.结果表明.2株放线菌在pH7.0的中性条件下不能生长,在pH12.0的强碱性条件下能够生长,最适生长pH为10.0,属于嗜碱性放线菌.2株放线菌菌株能耐受10%的NaCl,最高耐受温度为45℃.菌株XJ-1产生抗生素,能抑制柑橘绿霉菌、水稻轮纹菌、棉花枯萎菌和小麦赤霉菌的生长.16S rRNA基因同源性分析表明XJ-1属于拟诺卡氏菌属的Nocardiopsis dassonvillei,序列相似性达到了99.9%.而XJ-4与Nocardiopsis. sp. AF-333的序列相似性达到了99.3%,有可能是一新种.     

绵羊胚胎干细胞的分离与增殖培养

研究了囊胚(胚龄、处理方法)、传代方法(机械法和酶法)及培养液对绵羊类胚胎干细胞生长的影响,建立了绵羊类胚胎干细胞的分离培养体系.结果表明,实验获得的体外受精胚用于类胚胎干细胞的分离,具有较好的增殖及传代能力;囊胚的质量和胚龄影响绵羊类胚胎干细胞的贴壁及增殖;机械切割(半胚法)处理囊胚,可获得跟免疫法相近的内细胞团贴壁率(半胚法46%,免疫法53.6%);添加了一定浓度的胎牛血清、细胞生长因子、胰岛素及维生素C的DMEM高糖培养液可一定程度地促进类胚胎干细胞的增殖,适于绵羊类胚胎干细胞的培养.     

桑叶多糖的分离纯化及其抗凝血活性的研究

为了研究桑叶多糖不同组分在体外的抗凝血活性,采用水提醇沉法提取桑叶粗多糖,聚酰胺进行脱色和脱蛋白。用DEAE sepharose CL-6B 和 sepharose CL-6B 对桑叶多糖进行纯化,得到5种水溶性多糖组分(MPS-1、MPS-2a、MPS-2b、MPS-2c和 MPS-3)。单糖检测结果表明：桑叶多糖主要是由半乳糖、葡萄糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖和甘露糖等组成。体外抗凝血活性检测显示5种桑叶多糖组分均能延长活化部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)和凝血酶时间(thrombin time,TT)、而对凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT)影响不显著,说明它们是通过影响内源性途径或共同途径而发挥抗凝血作用;与对照相比,MPS-2b在试验浓度范围内对 APTT 和 TT 的效果达到极显著,表明 MPS-2b 有潜力开发成抗凝血活性物质。     

大肠杆菌噬菌体的分离鉴定及生物学特性分析

利用野生型大肠杆菌MG1655为宿主菌,从下水道污水中分离得到一株噬菌体,编号为Phage 1.其噬菌斑大小为3～4mm,透射电镜观察发现该噬菌体有正多面体头部和弯曲尾部,属于长尾科噬菌体.对该噬菌体的生物学特性包括最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线、温度、氯仿、pH进行检测,结果显示该噬菌体的潜伏期为10min,繁殖周期为20min,对温度、氯仿以及pH耐受性良好.经基因组测序鉴定,该噬菌体为E.coli T1噬菌体.     

Isolation and structure of a novel C-terminally amidated opioid peptide, amidorphin, from bovine adrenal medulla

Biologically active peptide hormones and neurotransmitters have been shown to be enzymatically liberated from larger, inactive precursor molecules by tissue-specific post-translational processing, particularly at the typical cleavage signals of paired basic residues. Subsequent N-terminal or C-terminal modifications may be of importance in regulating the biological activities of these peptides. C-terminal alpha-amidation is considered to be essential for the biological function of several non-opioid peptides. Here we present the isolation and structure of a novel C-terminally amidated opioid peptide, amidorphin, from bovine adrenal medulla. Amidorphin and the recently isolated octapeptide metorphamide (adrenorphin) are the only endogenous opioid peptides in mammals known to possess a C-terminal amide group. The amino acid sequence of amidorphin corresponds to the sequence 104-129 of bovine proenkephalin A. Very high concentrations of amidorphin were detected in bovine adrenal medulla and in a further endocrinological system, the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal axis. Amidorphin may therefore be considered to be a major gene product of the opioid peptide precursor proenkephalin A in these endocrine tissues.