垂直管内载气强化二元混合物沸腾传热

在垂直管内二元混合的流动沸腾传热过程中，引入空气作为载气，改变其传热机理从而强化其传热性能。研究不同质量分数的乙醇水溶液，在不同操作压力，液体流速和载气流速条件下，其平均传热膜系数和壁面过热度的变化规律。分析讨论了载气引入强化沸腾传热各因素的影响并对实验数据进行了关联计算。结果表明，关联式能较好的反映各因素的影响，其偏差在－23％－＋20％之间，平均偏差为8．314。     

空调用金属填料传热传质性能实验

对比表面积分别为350m^2／m^3和500m^2／m^3的3块金属填料在夏季冷却除湿工况下的传热传质性能进行实验研究，用多元线性回归的方法对所得的实验数据进行处理，得到对流传热系数αc，对流传质系数αD、阻力△p与淋水质量流速、空气质量流速、进口水温、进口空气干球温度和湿球温度等影响因素的关系式．实验结果表明，增大淋水质量流速和空气质量流速，会使填料表面空气与水之间的传热传质系数增大；进口水温从5℃增加到12℃，传质系数降低程度超过50％，空气的温降和焓降也分别降低20％以上；比表面积为500m^2／m^3的铝合金填料与比表面积为350m^2／m^3的铝合金填料相比较，更适宜在空调机组中应用．     

中空纤维膜接触器脱除水中溶解氧的研究

采用自制的聚丙烯中空纤维膜接触器脱除水中溶解氧,分别考察了水在中空纤维膜接触器的管程和壳程流动时,真空度、温度、进水流速以及中空纤维膜的有效长度对溶解氧脱除率的影响。实验结果表明：溶解氧脱除率随着系统真空度的增大而显著提高,在真空度为0．09MPa时,溶解氧脱除率可以达到80%以上;溶解氧脱除率随着流速的增加而增大,当流速达到一定数值之后,溶解氧脱除率保持不变;此外,溶解氧脱除率与中空纤维膜的有效长度密切相关．膜的有效长度越长．溶解氧脱除率越高,但其受进水温度并不明显。     

液相粘性对载气蒸发传热性能影响的研究

载气蒸发是在饱和液体中引入一种惰性气体,它成为汽比中心,使液体的汽化由加热壁面转移到气－液相界面上。载气的引入,降低了壁面液体过热度,同时也强化了传热。本文以空气－水和空气－ＣＭＣ水溶液两种物系,在 φ２５ ｍｍｘ２．５ ｍｍ,长３００ ｍｍ的短垂直管中,在气泡区进行了载气蒸发过程的传热研究,并对载气蒸发的传热机理进行了分析,提出了关联加热管内平均传热膜系数的方程式。     

一种新型变浓度热泵系统的实验研究

为了解决空气源热泵系统冬季制热量不足的问题，提出了一种新型变浓度容量调节热泵系统，使用环保型工质R32／R134a进行了固定工况下变浓度稳态实验和变工况下定浓度和变浓度稳态性能对比实验．实验结果表明：固定工况下系统的制热量、压缩机耗功量和性能系数均随着低沸点质量分数的增加而增加；变工况下的变浓度运行比定浓度运行能更好地抑制制热量的下降，当蒸发器进口温度为-14℃时可使系统的性能系数提高5％，表现出相对于常规系统更节能的优势．实验结果验证了提出的实验装置具有调节系统循环工质浓度和随负荷变化调节系统容量的调节特性．     

PTFE平板膜用于不同膜蒸馏过程淡化盐水的实验研究

为了提高膜蒸馏的通量、热效率,并加快膜蒸馏产业化进程,采用聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)平板疏水多孔膜开展膜蒸馏淡化盐水的实验研究,着重考察直接接触式膜蒸馏(DCMD)、真空膜蒸馏(VMD)、吹扫式膜蒸馏(SGMD)过程中热侧料液进口温度、热侧料液流速、冷侧料液流速、进料液浓度、真空度对膜蒸馏性能的影响。实验结果表明,膜通量随着热侧料液进口温度、热侧料液流速和真空度的增加而增加,其中,热侧料液进口温度对膜通量影响最大,热侧料液进口流速对膜蒸馏影响很小,而DCMD中冷侧料液流速对膜通量基本没有影响。在本实验研究范围内,料液浓度对膜通量和截留率的影响很小。在VMD过程中获得的膜通量的最大值为35 kg/(m~2·h),其对应的操作条件分别为热侧料液进口温度为80℃,流速为130 L/h,真空度0.07 MPa,进料液浓度6%。整个实验过程中截留率都在98%以上。     

PVDF膜用于真空膜蒸馏淡化盐水的实验研究

采用聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中空纤维疏水多孔膜,配制Na Cl溶液,搭建真空膜蒸馏盐水淡化实验台,实验中着重考察了料液温度、料液流速、料液浓度、系统真空度等操作参数对真空膜蒸馏过程性能的影响.实验结果表明:随着真空度、料液温度的提高,真空膜蒸馏膜通量明显提高;随着料液浓度的提高,真空膜蒸馏膜通量下降,其截留率基本不变;随着料液流速的提高,真空膜蒸馏膜通量变化较缓慢(略微提高).系统在料液温度为88℃、料液流速为240 cm/min、真空度为0.081 MPa、料液浓度为5%时,真空膜蒸馏膜通量为14.1 kg/(m~2·h),截留率为99.8%,产水的电导率保持在12μs/cm.     

超临界压力下水在垂直加热管内传热特性的实验研究

采用均匀全周电加热方法，对内径为12mm的垂直上升管内水在超临界压力区中的传热特性进行了实验研究．分析了质量流速、热流密度以及压力对传热特性的影响，发现由于超临界压力下边界层内流体物性的剧烈变化，使拟临界温度附近的传热得到显著强化，传热强化的程度随质量流速的增加而提高，随壁面热流密度和压力的增大而降低．根据实验数据，给出了超临界压力下水在垂直加热管内对流换热的经验关联式，其平均相对误差为11．8％．     

高通量空气隙膜蒸馏系统的传热传质模型

该文建立一个高通量的空气隙膜蒸馏系统的传热传质模型,考虑了空气隙内蒸汽冷凝及膜面与冷壁部分接触对传热传质的影响。建模前先由实验确定系统膜面及冷壁上的对流换热系数、膜内质量传递修正系数和空气隙厚度修正系数,并表达为经验公式。用该模型对6个膜面与冷壁有不同间隙厚度和不同接触程度的膜组件系统预测得到的膜蒸馏通量与实验值误差一般小于10%;预测的空气隙内蒸汽冷凝程度也与实验观察相符。     

旋转圆筒表面对流传质特性

为研究水平旋转圆筒多孔介质表面的传质特性，用微型热偶式干湿球温度计测量了圆筒表面边界层温度分布和浓度分布，确定了顺向侧和逆向侧的局部对流传质系数；用硅橡胶板量热计测定了圆筒表面的平均对流传质系数．结果表明，旋转对圆筒表面顺向侧对流传质的强化作用比逆向侧明显；在较低旋转雷诺数下，平均舍伍得数基本保持不变，在较高旋转雷诺数下，平均舍伍得数随旋转雷诺数的增大而增大；旋转圆筒表面的对流传质和传热特性之间具有类比性．在实验数据的基础上，归纳和整理出了反映水平圆筒在静止空气中旋转时表面对流传质特性的准则关联式及临界雷诺数的判别式．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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