果胶酶澄清兰考蜜瓜汁工艺优化探究

为了达到优化果胶酶澄清蜜瓜汁工艺的目的，以蜜瓜汁透光率为指标，通过单因素试验与正交试验，研究果胶酶添加量、酶解起始pH值、酶解时间、酶解温度对蜜瓜汁透光率和果胶含量的影响。结果表明：在果胶酶添加量0.04g/100mL、酶解pH值4.0、酶解时间120 min、酶解温度35℃时，蜜瓜汁透光率可达95.71%，果胶定性检测为阴性，果胶酶处理蜜瓜汁前后，总糖、还原糖、可溶性固形物、VC等成分的含量均无显著变化。果胶酶能够有效清除蜜瓜汁中的果胶等大分子物质，获得理想的澄清效果。     

阴离子交换树脂固定化果胶酶研究

以阴离子交换树脂为载体、戊二醛为交联剂,对果胶酶进行固定化分析,探讨了温度、pH值、时间、加酶量、戊二醛浓度、交联温度、交联时间对果胶酶固定化效果的影响,同时对固定化果胶酶的酶学特性进行研究.结果表明,果胶酶最佳固定化条件为:温度为40℃,pH值为5.5,固定化6 h,加酶量为0.75 mL/g树脂,戊二醛体积分数为0.1%,交联温度为4℃,交联时间4 h.在此条件下,固定化果胶酶的酶活回收率可达到80%以上.酶学特性试验表明,固定化果胶酶最适温度为60℃,最适pH值为4.0,具有较好的操作稳定性.     

果胶酶和壳聚糖对荔枝果汁澄清效果的比较

研究了果胶酶和壳聚糖对荔枝果汁的澄清作用,并通过正交试验确定了各自的最佳工艺条件,即果胶酶法:果胶酶用量为100mg/L,pH为3,温度为40℃,澄清时间为3h;壳聚糖法:壳聚糖用量0.6g/L,pH为3,温度为40℃,澄清时间为3h。从澄清效果和贮存稳定性看,两种方法都能很好地澄清荔枝果汁;但综合成本等因素来看,壳聚糖法明显优于果胶酶法。     

黄酮类化合物的酶法去糖基化修饰研究

研究了纤维素酶和果胶酶在假酸浆提取物制取黄酮苷元过程的酶解工艺.依次对纤维素酶、果胶酶及复合酶进行了去糖基化修饰研究.结果表明,复合酶去糖基化作用相较于两酶单独作用效果更佳,其最佳工艺条件为:pH值为假酸浆提取物的自然pH值,酶解温度为40℃,含酶量为纤维素酶和果胶酶各0.5%,酶解时间4 h,还原糖浓度显著提高.     

小粒咖啡湿法发酵中产果胶酶菌株的筛选鉴定及产酶条件优化

从云南小粒咖啡湿法发酵液中分离得到一株产果胶酶真菌YMU03,并初步鉴定为异常威克汉姆酵母(Wickerhamomyces anomalus).经响应面分析,该菌株的最佳产酶条件为：蛋白胨21.6 g/L、MnSO₄ 1.5 mmol/L、初始pH 4.3、发酵时间30 h、温度28℃,在此条件下果胶酶活力可达417.3 U/mL,是未优化前果胶酶活力的2.2倍.     

温敏性大孔聚(丙烯酰胺-co-N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)微球在固定化果胶酶中的应用

采用在反相悬浮聚合中加入致孔剂的方法制备温敏性大孔PAM-co-PNIPAM微球,并以该微球为载体固定化果胶酶,探讨了温度、pH值、时间、加酶量、戊二醛浓度、交联温度、交联时间对果胶酶固定化效果的影响,同时对固定化果胶酶的酶学特性进行研究.结果表明:该微球具有很好的比表面积和温度敏感性;当固定化果胶酶的载酶量高达322.6mg/g时,载体本身仍能保持较好的稳定性.固定化果胶酶在pH为3.0～4.5,温度为50～60℃的范围内仍能保持较高的酶催化活性.在存储30d后固定化酶的活性仍能保持为原来的80%左右,而且具有较高的操作稳定性,在连续使用20次后,仍有68%以上的活性.     

果胶酶发酵液后处理条件

对黑曲霉变异株JB513产果胶酶发酵液后处理的条件做了探索.结果表明,乙醇沉淀法适于果胶酶的沉淀,最适条件为pH5.0,乙醇含量为65％.得到的果胶酶干粉的活力为700μmol·min~(-1)/g,总活力回收率达67.6％;苯甲酸钠及甘油对液体果胶酶有良好的稳定作用.     

复合酶法提取冬瓜多糖的研究

采用蛋白酶、果胶酶、纤维素酶复合处理冬瓜多糖溶液,通过对复合酶的作用温度、作用pH值、作用时间进行单因素实验,对复合酶配比、复合酶的提取工艺进行正交试验,确定了复合酶法提取冬瓜多糖的最佳工艺条件:复合酶按纤维素酶1.5%,果胶酶1.5%,蛋白酶1.5%配比,酶作用温度40℃,酶作用pH值为5.0,酶作用时间为40 min,多糖提取率最高.     

酶法浸提酿酒葡萄果渣中多酚的最优工艺

以酿酒后葡萄果渣为原料,50%的乙醇溶液为介质,加入纤维素酶和果胶酶后,可浸泡提取葡萄果渣中多酚类物质.在不同酶浓度、pH值、反应温度和反应时间下进行单因素试验和正交试验,探讨不同条件对产率的影响,获得最优工艺条件.结果表明,保持反应温度55℃,在pH 5的条件下,加入浓度为4.5mg/g的混合酶(纤维素酶和果胶酶混合比例为1︰2)反应120min即可获得最大产率,与同条件下的无酶反应相比,产率提高了25.56%.     

里氏木霉液体发酵选择性合成果胶酶

在摇瓶液体发酵的条件下研究了碳源、氮源、酵母汁和营养盐等因素对里氏木霉选择性合成果胶酶的影响规律,并测定了酶学性质。结果表明:从经济角度考虑宜选用脱汁橘皮粉制备果胶酶;在Mandels营养盐中添加1.0 g/L蛋白胨适合于里氏木霉产果胶酶;以25 g/L脱汁橘皮粉液体发酵48 h,果胶酶活力最高值达到32.6μmol/(min.mL),其中纤维素酶和木聚糖酶的活力被分别控制在0.18、0.63μmol/(min.mL)。该果胶酶的最适pH为6.0,最适温度为50℃,以16μmol/(min.g)的果胶酶振荡水解10 g/L商品果胶粉50 h,酶解得率达80.3%。高效液相离子色谱的分析结果显示果胶酶的主要水解产物为单体半乳糖醛酸,含量达总水解产物的82.5%以上。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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