不同氧化铝对轻量微孔刚玉骨料结构与性能的影响

以α-Al2O3微粉、工业Al2O3细粉为原料,经过湿磨制料和1 830℃烧结制备了轻量微孔刚玉骨料,研究不同氧化铝原料对轻量微孔刚玉骨料体积密度、气孔率及显微结构的影响。结果表明,在实验工艺条件下,采用工业氧化铝细粉或α-Al2O3微粉作为原料,均可获得体积密度为3.2～3.5g/cm3、显气孔率在5%以下、平均孔径为0.5～1μm的轻量微孔刚玉骨料,其800℃导热系数比普通板状刚玉小25%～42%;相比之下,采用工业Al2O3细粉作为原料时,所制得的骨料晶粒粗大,体积密度较大,闭口气孔在总气孔中所占比率较小,而采用α-Al2O3微粉作为原料时,所制得骨料晶粒细小,体积密度较小,闭口气孔在总气孔中所占比率较大,平均气孔孔径及导热系数亦比采用工业Al2O3细粉作原料时更小。     

晶化时间对微晶玻璃结构与性能的影响

通过测试不同晶化时间条件下热处理后微晶玻璃收缩率、体密度的变化 ,研究晶化时间对微晶玻璃热处理时表观性能的影响 .采用X射线衍射、环境扫描电镜对不同晶化时间下微晶玻璃中晶相和晶相显微形貌的变化进行分析探讨 .     

纳米二氧化硅对刚玉浇注料性能与结构的影响

研究纳米二氧化硅的加入对刚玉浇注料性能与结构的影响。研究结果表明，加入少量纳米二氧化硅能够明显地改善刚玉浇注料的常温物理性能，但使其抗热震性能降低。这是由于纳米二氧化硅能够促进刚玉浇注料的烧结，使结构致密化所致。     

氧化锌基SnO2—ZnO UPF制备工艺对其微观结构的影响

采用直流气人本放电活化反应蒸发沉积法，通过二次蒸镀、制备了以氧化锌为衬底的ＳｎＯ２－ＺｎＯ复合型功能气敏薄膜，讨论制备工艺对该薄膜微观结构的影响，并提供了宏观性质和微观机理分析结果。     

热处理对山羊绒纱线性能及纤维微观结构的影响

采用高温染样机及假捻变形纱机的热箱，分别研究了山羊绒纱线在松弛状态、张紧状态下高温蒸纱、煮纱处理以及干热空气处理对山羊绒纱线强伸性能、颜色及长度的影响，并进一步采用DSC技术．分别研究了山羊绒纱线经(120℃，5min)、(120℃，25min)张紧蒸纱处理以及(130℃，10min)松弛煮纱处理后，其纤维熔融峰的变化。结果表明，山羊绒纱线在热处理过程中，含水率越高，损伤越严重；与松弛蒸纱相比，张紧蒸纱后的山羊绒纱线的强伸性能下降较多，尤其是断裂伸长率；(130℃，10min)松弛煮纱使山羊绒纤维的绝大部分结晶熔融，纱线发生过缩。     

氟化铝对镁铝尖晶石晶相结构及性能影响的研究

用铝型材厂阳极氧化废渣和碱式碳酸镁((MgCO3)4·Mg(OH)2·5H2O)为主要原料固相烧结合成镁铝尖晶石(MgAl2O4),探讨氟化铝(AlF3)矿化剂对合成的MgAl2O4晶相结构、晶胞参数及微观形貌的影响.用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)及相关分析软件等表征得到MgAl2O4.结果表明,添加AlF3的各样品都形成2种晶相:镁铝尖晶石固溶体(Mg0.68Al0.32)(Al0.84Mg0.16)2O4和镁橄榄石固溶体Mg1.81Fe0.19(SiO4).确定2%(质量分数)为最佳添加量,此时试样中MgAl2O4固溶体含量最高为95%,体积密度最高为3.44g·cm-3,显气孔率最小为1.89%,抗弯强度达到151.9 MPa.     

添加镍粉球磨对Mg17Al12合金相结构及电化学储氢性能的影响

研究了Mg17A12铸态合金和Mg17Al12＋x％Ni（z=50～200）球磨复合物的相结构和电化学性能。结果表明，Mg17Al12-Ni复合物的相结构和放电容量主要取决于复合物中镍粉的加入量。加入的镍粉越多，越利于非晶结构的形成，其放电容量就越大。球磨120h的Mg17Al12＋200％Ni复合物在303K的放电容量高达658．2mAh·g^-1（除去镍粉的质量）。     

SiO2对烧结矿冶金性能及微观结构的影响

为给高铁低硅烧结矿的生产提供理论依据,设计烧结矿碱度R为1．8、1．9和2．0,每种碱度下以SiO2含量为变量,产生12组配矿方案进行烧结杯实验,研究SiO2对烧结矿冶金性能及微观结构的影响.结果表明：SiO2质量分数从4．8%~5．7%增加时,其冷态强度逐渐增加,最大增幅为8%;烧结矿还原性逐渐降低,降幅区间为从86．80%到81．01%;还原粉化指数RDI+3．15逐渐增大,增幅区间为从75．95%到87．21%;对于软熔性能,其软化开始温度T10在4．8%~5．4%的SiO2含量区间先升高,在5．4%~5．7%之间又降低,而软化区间有变宽的趋势.选定一个碱度水平R=2．0,烧结矿SiO2质量分数在4．8%~5．7%范围变化时,其微观结构由熔蚀状向针柱状发展,结构均匀性逐渐提高,主要矿物组成由赤铁矿向铁酸钙发展,且低温还原粉化的骸晶状赤铁矿逐渐消失.     

扩散机制对于釉面砖微观结构的影响

从扩散机制入手，讨论了扩散对于制品烧成状况的影响，同时根据制品宏观性能与其微观结构的对应性，采有扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线衍射分析（XRD）等探测手段，分析和研究了在不同煅烧温度下，制品的微观结构特点，对釉面砖在烧成过程中结构的形成和转化，进行了系统的论述。     

淬火转移时间对1933铝合金拉伸性能、腐蚀性能及微观组织的影响

通过常温拉伸性能测试、晶间和剥落腐蚀试验、光学显微镜及透射电子显微镜研究淬火转移时间(5～90 s)对1933铝合金锻件拉伸性能、腐蚀性能及微观组织的影响.研究结果表明:随着淬火转移时间延长,合金的拉伸性能和耐腐蚀性能均降低;当转移时间增加至90 s时,抗拉强度下降7.5％,屈服强度下降9％,伸长率下降约20％,腐蚀深度增加400％.淬火转移时间过长导致晶粒内部析出粗大的平衡η相,降低了时效强化效果;晶界无沉淀析出带宽化,降低了伸长率和耐腐蚀性能.为获得良好的综合性能,转移时应使该合金产品淬火时的温度不低于约366℃.     

烧结工艺对合成莫来石晶相结构的影响

讨论不同烧结温度和保温时间对利用铝厂工业污泥与硅石为原料合成的莫来石材料晶相结构的影响.采用XRD和SEM表征各试样的晶相组成和显微结构.实验结果表明:污泥和硅石经高温煅烧各试样最多存在3Al2O3.2SiO2,Al2O3.SiO2和α-Al2O33种晶相,分析结果确定最佳烧成温度为1 480℃,保温时间为5 h,该条件的合成料中3Al2O3.2SiO2的含量达86.8%.     

Effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and properties of foamed glass-ceramics prepared from high-titanium blast furnace slag and waste glass

Foamed glass-ceramics were prepared via a single-step sintering method using high-titanium blast furnace slag and waste glass as the main raw materials The influence of sintering temperature (900-1060℃) on the microstructure and properties of foamed glass-ceramics was studied. The results show that the crystal shape changed from grainy to rod-shaped and finally turned to multiple shapes as the sintering temperature was increased from 900 to 1060℃. With increasing sintering temperature, the average pore size of the foamed glass-ceramics increased and subsequently decreased. By contrast, the compressive strength and the bulk density decreased and subsequently increased. An excessively high temperature, however, induced the coalescence of pores and decreased the compressive strength. The optimal properties, including the highest compressive strength (16.64 MPa) among the investigated samples and a relatively low bulk density (0.83 g/cm3), were attained in the case of the foamed glass-ceramics sintered at 1000℃.     

改性磷矿渣稳定铅污染土的赋存形态及浸出特性试验研究

采用改性磷矿渣(MPS)对铅(Pb)污染土进行稳定化处理.基于浸出试验、形态提取试验和矿物分析试验,研究了改性磷矿渣(MPS)添加量对稳定土中Pb的浸出特性、赋存形态和矿物成分的影响规律,并与相同添加量的普通硅酸盐水泥(OPC)作对比.结果表明：MPS和OPC均可降低污染土中Pb的浸出特性,但MPS对Pb稳定效果明显优于OPC.与OPC稳定土相比,MPS稳定土具有更好的环境安全特性和较低的溶出风险.形态提取试验表明：OPC可促进Pb从弱酸提取态向可还原态转化,而MPS可促进Pb从弱酸提取态向可氧化态转化,污染土中Pb赋存形态的改变是MPS和OPC稳定土Pb变化的主要原因.矿物分析试验表明：OPC对Pb的稳定机制为包裹、吸附和沉淀作用,而MPS稳定对Pb的稳定机制为生成难溶的氟磷氯铅矿沉淀.铅污染土中矿物成分的变化是Pb赋存形态和浸出特性变化的根本原因.     

Synthesis of steel slag ceramics:chemical composition and crystalline phases of raw materials

Two types of porcelain tiles with steel slag as the main raw material (steel slag ceramics) were synthesized based on the CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ and CaO-MgO-SiO₂ systems, and their bending strengths up to 53.47 MPa and 99.84 MPa, respectively, were obtained. The presence of anorthite, α-quartz, magnetite, and pyroxene crystals (augite and diopside) in the steel slag ceramics were very different from the composition of traditional ceramics. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) results illustrated that the addition of steel slag reduced the temperature of extensive liquid generation and further decreased the firing temperature. The considerable contents of glass-modifying oxide liquids with rather low viscosities at high temperature in the steel slag ceramic adobes promoted element diffusion and crystallization. The results of this study demonstrated a new approach for extensive and effective recycling of steel slag.     

升温固溶对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了7075合金升温固溶处理过程．结果表明升温处理可使极限固溶温度高于多相共晶温度,同时能避免过烧组织的形成,有效强化了残余结晶相的固溶,显著提高了7075合金的力学性能．通过强化固溶,7075合金的断裂和屈服强度可达660MPa和606MPa．     

水泥—磷尾渣复合材料修复铅、镉污染土壤的再溶出特性研究

为了解决Pb、Cd污染土壤修复难的问题,选用水泥—磷尾渣对Pb、Cd污染土壤进行修复处理.利用短期溶出试验(醋酸溶出法、硫酸—硝酸溶出法)和长期溶出试验(半动态溶出试验)评估了水泥—磷尾渣修复后Pb、Cd污染土壤的再溶出特性.结果表明:水泥—磷尾渣对Pb、Cd有极好的固定效果,可大幅度降低污染土壤中Pb、Cd的溶出特性.醋酸溶出试验和硫酸—硝酸溶出试验结果表明水泥—磷尾渣修复后污染土壤具有较强的耐侵蚀能力,且当水泥—磷尾渣组分比为9.4∶0.6时,Pb、Cd的醋酸溶出浓度和硫酸—硝酸溶出浓度均低于我国地表水Ⅴ类标准值,当水泥—磷尾渣组分比为9∶1时,Pb、Cd的醋酸溶出浓度和硫酸—硝酸溶出浓度均低于我国地表水Ⅱ类标准值.半动态溶出试验结果表明:水泥—磷尾渣修复后污染土壤Pb、Cd长期溶出风险较低,在半动态试验周期内Pb、Cd最大溶出浓度均低于我国地表水Ⅳ类标准值.水泥修复Pb、Cd污染土壤具备进行二次利用的潜力.     

Effect of continuous induction annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of copper-clad aluminum flat bars

Copper-clad aluminum (CCA) flat bars produced by the continuous casting–rolling process were subjected to continuous induction heating annealing (CIHA), and the effects of induction heating temperature and holding time on the microstructure, interface, and mechanical properties of the flat bars were investigated. The results showed that complete recrystallization of the copper sheath occurred under CIHA at 460°C for 5 s, 480°C for 3 s, or 500°C for 1 s and that the average grain size in the copper sheath was approximately 10.0 μm. In the case of specimens subjected to CIHA at 460–500°C for longer than 1 s, complete recrystallization occurred in the aluminum core. In the case of CIHA at 460–500°C for 1–5 s, a continuous interfacial layer with a thickness of 2.5–5.5 μm formed and the thickness mainly increased with increasing annealing temperature. After CIHA, the interfacial layer consisted primarily of a Cu₉Al₄ layer and a CuAl₂ layer; the average interface shear strength of the CCA flat bars treated by CIHA at 460–500°C for 1–5 s was 45–52 MPa. After full softening annealing, the hardness values of the copper sheath and the aluminum core were HV 65 and HV 24, respectively, and the hardness along the cross section of the CCA flat bar was uniform.     

等温自由锻温度对7085铝合金组织与性能的影响

通过金相组织观察、扫描电镜分析和室温拉伸力学性能及剥落腐蚀实验,分析探讨等温自由锻温度对7085铝合金显微组织、力学性能和剥落腐蚀的影响.研究结果表明:在370℃和400℃等温自由锻时,合金发生严重再结晶,强度较低,伸长率稍高,剥蚀抗力较差;在420℃锻造时,合金出现大量细小且分布均匀的亚晶粒,抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和剥蚀抗力均较好,分别达到533.2 MPa,495 MPa,13.3％和EA.在450℃锻造时,该合金的晶粒开始长大,强度下降,伸长率稍有升高,剥蚀抗力较差.综合考虑显微组织、强度、塑性和剥落腐蚀等因素,确定420℃为合金等温自由锻最佳锻造温度.